Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference
Objective: To compare measures of growth and body fatness (body mass index (BMI) and % body fat) in children from two contrasting income backgrounds and to examine the contribution of height difference to these measures. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Schools in inner East London (‘low inco...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Obesity 2011-01, Vol.35 (1), p.128-133 |
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| container_title | International Journal of Obesity |
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| creator | Samani-Radia, D McCarthy, H D |
| description | Objective:
To compare measures of growth and body fatness (body mass index (BMI) and % body fat) in children from two contrasting income backgrounds and to examine the contribution of height difference to these measures.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Schools in inner East London (‘low income’) and West London, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire (‘high income’), UK.
Participants:
A total of 2298 children aged 5–14 years.
Main outcome measures:
Height, weight, BMI (weight per height
2
) and percentage body fat (%BF, by bioelectrical impedance analysis).
Results:
Children from the ‘lower income’ background were significantly shorter, heavier and fatter (%BF) with a higher BMI for their age compared with those from a ‘higher income’ background. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was greater in the ‘lower income’ group children, assessed on the basis of BMI, and this income group difference was magnified when based on %BF (overfat/obese). Irrespective of the assessment tool used, overweight/overfat/obese children as a group were significantly taller for their age compared with children categorized as normal weight/normal fat. Despite the overfat/obese children being taller for their age, an ‘income group’ difference in height remained within this category.
Conclusion:
These findings confirm the income group influence on obesity prevalence. They also illustrate that BMI underestimates the true number of children having excess body fat, particularly in ‘low income’ children. Exactly why BMI seems to function differently along income group divisions in unclear, but a shorter height-for-age of the ‘lower income’ group children could be one explanation. These findings raise important questions about the causes and consequences of obesity in children from ‘lower income’ backgrounds. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ijo.2010.116 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_914672917</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A246955816</galeid><sourcerecordid>A246955816</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-b721d7d0860fda84a75b65ad233e1879780f209acf2a8eef5e9ff1abd385e64d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0s1vFCEYB-CJ0dht9ebZTDTai7PC8DEz3ppN_UiaeNEzYeBll80MrMCk6X8v01lbazSGAwEefoQ3b1G8wGiNEWnf271f12heYf6oWGHa8IrRrnlcrBBBTYUYZyfFaYx7hBBjqH5anNR5s6kpWhVu48eDDDZ6V3pTqp0ddAB3Hsve65vSyOQg5gWkawBXpmtfKu9SkDFZty2tU36Echv8dIgfliPbT8kucTuw210qtTUGcqqCZ8UTI4cIz4_zWfH94-W3zefq6uunL5uLq0pxSlPVNzXWjUYtR0bLlsqG9ZxJXRMCuG26pkWmRp1UppYtgGHQGYNlr0nLgFNNzorzJfcQ_I8JYhKjjQqGQTrwUxQdprkAHW7-LxGlnGHCs3z1h9z7Kbj8DdGSmnJCOpzR6wVt5QDCOuNzrdQcKS6y6Rhr8Ry1_ovKQ8NocxHB2Lz_4MLb3y7sQA5pF_1wW-j4EL5boAo-xgBGHIIdZbgRGIm5X0TuFzH3i8C3_OXxT1M_gr7DvxokgzdHIKOSgwnSKRvvHWk7jro2u2pxMR-5LYT74vzj4XLxTqYpwF1gRrOZyU-lNODD</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>832463391</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><source>Nature</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Samani-Radia, D ; McCarthy, H D</creator><creatorcontrib>Samani-Radia, D ; McCarthy, H D</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:
To compare measures of growth and body fatness (body mass index (BMI) and % body fat) in children from two contrasting income backgrounds and to examine the contribution of height difference to these measures.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Schools in inner East London (‘low income’) and West London, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire (‘high income’), UK.
Participants:
A total of 2298 children aged 5–14 years.
Main outcome measures:
Height, weight, BMI (weight per height
2
) and percentage body fat (%BF, by bioelectrical impedance analysis).
Results:
Children from the ‘lower income’ background were significantly shorter, heavier and fatter (%BF) with a higher BMI for their age compared with those from a ‘higher income’ background. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was greater in the ‘lower income’ group children, assessed on the basis of BMI, and this income group difference was magnified when based on %BF (overfat/obese). Irrespective of the assessment tool used, overweight/overfat/obese children as a group were significantly taller for their age compared with children categorized as normal weight/normal fat. Despite the overfat/obese children being taller for their age, an ‘income group’ difference in height remained within this category.
Conclusion:
These findings confirm the income group influence on obesity prevalence. They also illustrate that BMI underestimates the true number of children having excess body fat, particularly in ‘low income’ children. Exactly why BMI seems to function differently along income group divisions in unclear, but a shorter height-for-age of the ‘lower income’ group children could be one explanation. These findings raise important questions about the causes and consequences of obesity in children from ‘lower income’ backgrounds.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0307-0565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.116</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20567240</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJOBDP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/699/1702/393 ; 692/700/139/1735 ; 692/700/1720 ; 706/689/159 ; Adipose tissues ; Adiposity ; Adolescent ; Age ; Analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Composition ; Body fat ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Female ; General aspects ; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ; Humans ; Impedance ; Income ; Internal Medicine ; London - epidemiology ; Low income groups ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Miscellaneous ; Obesity ; Obesity - economics ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Obesity - etiology ; Obesity in children ; original-article ; Overweight ; Physiological aspects ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Schools ; Socioeconomic Factors</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Obesity, 2011-01, Vol.35 (1), p.128-133</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-b721d7d0860fda84a75b65ad233e1879780f209acf2a8eef5e9ff1abd385e64d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-b721d7d0860fda84a75b65ad233e1879780f209acf2a8eef5e9ff1abd385e64d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/ijo.2010.116$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/ijo.2010.116$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2727,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23896098$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567240$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Samani-Radia, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, H D</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference</title><title>International Journal of Obesity</title><addtitle>Int J Obes</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><description>Objective:
To compare measures of growth and body fatness (body mass index (BMI) and % body fat) in children from two contrasting income backgrounds and to examine the contribution of height difference to these measures.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Schools in inner East London (‘low income’) and West London, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire (‘high income’), UK.
Participants:
A total of 2298 children aged 5–14 years.
Main outcome measures:
Height, weight, BMI (weight per height
2
) and percentage body fat (%BF, by bioelectrical impedance analysis).
Results:
Children from the ‘lower income’ background were significantly shorter, heavier and fatter (%BF) with a higher BMI for their age compared with those from a ‘higher income’ background. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was greater in the ‘lower income’ group children, assessed on the basis of BMI, and this income group difference was magnified when based on %BF (overfat/obese). Irrespective of the assessment tool used, overweight/overfat/obese children as a group were significantly taller for their age compared with children categorized as normal weight/normal fat. Despite the overfat/obese children being taller for their age, an ‘income group’ difference in height remained within this category.
Conclusion:
These findings confirm the income group influence on obesity prevalence. They also illustrate that BMI underestimates the true number of children having excess body fat, particularly in ‘low income’ children. Exactly why BMI seems to function differently along income group divisions in unclear, but a shorter height-for-age of the ‘lower income’ group children could be one explanation. These findings raise important questions about the causes and consequences of obesity in children from ‘lower income’ backgrounds.</description><subject>692/699/1702/393</subject><subject>692/700/139/1735</subject><subject>692/700/1720</subject><subject>706/689/159</subject><subject>Adipose tissues</subject><subject>Adiposity</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Composition</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body Height</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>London - epidemiology</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - economics</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Obesity - etiology</subject><subject>Obesity in children</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><issn>0307-0565</issn><issn>1476-5497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0s1vFCEYB-CJ0dht9ebZTDTai7PC8DEz3ppN_UiaeNEzYeBll80MrMCk6X8v01lbazSGAwEefoQ3b1G8wGiNEWnf271f12heYf6oWGHa8IrRrnlcrBBBTYUYZyfFaYx7hBBjqH5anNR5s6kpWhVu48eDDDZ6V3pTqp0ddAB3Hsve65vSyOQg5gWkawBXpmtfKu9SkDFZty2tU36Echv8dIgfliPbT8kucTuw210qtTUGcqqCZ8UTI4cIz4_zWfH94-W3zefq6uunL5uLq0pxSlPVNzXWjUYtR0bLlsqG9ZxJXRMCuG26pkWmRp1UppYtgGHQGYNlr0nLgFNNzorzJfcQ_I8JYhKjjQqGQTrwUxQdprkAHW7-LxGlnGHCs3z1h9z7Kbj8DdGSmnJCOpzR6wVt5QDCOuNzrdQcKS6y6Rhr8Ry1_ovKQ8NocxHB2Lz_4MLb3y7sQA5pF_1wW-j4EL5boAo-xgBGHIIdZbgRGIm5X0TuFzH3i8C3_OXxT1M_gr7DvxokgzdHIKOSgwnSKRvvHWk7jro2u2pxMR-5LYT74vzj4XLxTqYpwF1gRrOZyU-lNODD</recordid><startdate>20110101</startdate><enddate>20110101</enddate><creator>Samani-Radia, D</creator><creator>McCarthy, H D</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110101</creationdate><title>Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference</title><author>Samani-Radia, D ; McCarthy, H D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-b721d7d0860fda84a75b65ad233e1879780f209acf2a8eef5e9ff1abd385e64d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>692/699/1702/393</topic><topic>692/700/139/1735</topic><topic>692/700/1720</topic><topic>706/689/159</topic><topic>Adipose tissues</topic><topic>Adiposity</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Composition</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body Height</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impedance</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>London - epidemiology</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - economics</topic><topic>Obesity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Obesity - etiology</topic><topic>Obesity in children</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Samani-Radia, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, H D</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Samani-Radia, D</au><au>McCarthy, H D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle><stitle>Int J Obes</stitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><date>2011-01-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>128</spage><epage>133</epage><pages>128-133</pages><issn>0307-0565</issn><eissn>1476-5497</eissn><coden>IJOBDP</coden><abstract>Objective:
To compare measures of growth and body fatness (body mass index (BMI) and % body fat) in children from two contrasting income backgrounds and to examine the contribution of height difference to these measures.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Schools in inner East London (‘low income’) and West London, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire (‘high income’), UK.
Participants:
A total of 2298 children aged 5–14 years.
Main outcome measures:
Height, weight, BMI (weight per height
2
) and percentage body fat (%BF, by bioelectrical impedance analysis).
Results:
Children from the ‘lower income’ background were significantly shorter, heavier and fatter (%BF) with a higher BMI for their age compared with those from a ‘higher income’ background. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was greater in the ‘lower income’ group children, assessed on the basis of BMI, and this income group difference was magnified when based on %BF (overfat/obese). Irrespective of the assessment tool used, overweight/overfat/obese children as a group were significantly taller for their age compared with children categorized as normal weight/normal fat. Despite the overfat/obese children being taller for their age, an ‘income group’ difference in height remained within this category.
Conclusion:
These findings confirm the income group influence on obesity prevalence. They also illustrate that BMI underestimates the true number of children having excess body fat, particularly in ‘low income’ children. Exactly why BMI seems to function differently along income group divisions in unclear, but a shorter height-for-age of the ‘lower income’ group children could be one explanation. These findings raise important questions about the causes and consequences of obesity in children from ‘lower income’ backgrounds.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>20567240</pmid><doi>10.1038/ijo.2010.116</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0307-0565 |
| ispartof | International Journal of Obesity, 2011-01, Vol.35 (1), p.128-133 |
| issn | 0307-0565 1476-5497 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_914672917 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Nature; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | 692/699/1702/393 692/700/139/1735 692/700/1720 706/689/159 Adipose tissues Adiposity Adolescent Age Analysis Biological and medical sciences Body Composition Body fat Body Height Body Mass Index Body Weight Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Diagnosis Epidemiology Ethnicity Female General aspects Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Humans Impedance Income Internal Medicine London - epidemiology Low income groups Male Medical research Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Miscellaneous Obesity Obesity - economics Obesity - epidemiology Obesity - etiology Obesity in children original-article Overweight Physiological aspects Prevalence Public Health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Schools Socioeconomic Factors |
| title | Comparison of children's body fatness between two contrasting income groups: contribution of height difference |
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