A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer
BACKGROUND: Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancer 2012-01, Vol.118 (2), p.358-364 |
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| creator | Wosnitzer, Matthew S. Hruby, Gregory W. Murphy, Alana M. Barlow, Lamont J. Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos Mansukhani, Mahesh Petrylak, Daniel P. Benson, Mitchell C. McKiernan, James M. |
| description | BACKGROUND:
Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.
METHODS:
In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS:
A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).
CONCLUSION:
In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
No statistically significant difference in overall survival and disease‐specific survival was observed between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer. The timing of such chemotherapy appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/cncr.26278 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_914666921</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>914666921</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4608-14b4d1d6b6d3fd414a695cb0603ef2a20b39d67482d162d44c95cc5fd9b2185d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kN1KwzAYhoMobk5PvADJiQhCZ5KmaXs4in8wJ8gEz0KapKyjbWbSKjvzErxGr8TMznnm0cebPHw_DwCnGI0xQuRKNtKOCSNxsgeGGKVxgDAl-2CIEEqCiIYvA3Dk3NLHmEThIRgQHOOYhskQuAmUpl4JWzrTQFPAdqGh6Vr_qN0mN9oItezeRNNC0Si4C3Kha-NpK1ZrWBgLZVU2pRQVnJOvj885FTPk64w8IJhXQintEdFIbY_BQSEqp0-2dQSeb67n2V0wfby9zybTQFLmF8c0pworljMVFopiKlgayRwxFOqCCILyMFUspglRmBFFqfTfMipUmhOcRCocgYu-78qa1067ltelk7qqhD-qczzFlDGWEuzJy56U1jhndcFXtqyFXXOM-MYx3zjmP449fLZt2-W1Vjv0V6oHzreAcN5HYf3VpfvjogixBDHP4Z57Lyu9_mckz2bZUz_8GzwQlYc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>914666921</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Wosnitzer, Matthew S. ; Hruby, Gregory W. ; Murphy, Alana M. ; Barlow, Lamont J. ; Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos ; Mansukhani, Mahesh ; Petrylak, Daniel P. ; Benson, Mitchell C. ; McKiernan, James M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Wosnitzer, Matthew S. ; Hruby, Gregory W. ; Murphy, Alana M. ; Barlow, Lamont J. ; Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos ; Mansukhani, Mahesh ; Petrylak, Daniel P. ; Benson, Mitchell C. ; McKiernan, James M.</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND:
Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.
METHODS:
In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS:
A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).
CONCLUSION:
In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
No statistically significant difference in overall survival and disease‐specific survival was observed between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer. The timing of such chemotherapy appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-543X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0142</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26278</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21717438</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CANCAR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>adjuvant chemotherapy ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use ; Biological and medical sciences ; Carboplatin - administration & dosage ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin - administration & dosage ; cisplatin‐based chemotherapy ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Humans ; locally advanced bladder cancer ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; muscle‐invasive bladder cancer ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; systemic chemotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumors ; Tumors of the urinary system ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery ; Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><ispartof>Cancer, 2012-01, Vol.118 (2), p.358-364</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 American Cancer Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 American Cancer Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4608-14b4d1d6b6d3fd414a695cb0603ef2a20b39d67482d162d44c95cc5fd9b2185d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4608-14b4d1d6b6d3fd414a695cb0603ef2a20b39d67482d162d44c95cc5fd9b2185d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fcncr.26278$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fcncr.26278$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25506806$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717438$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wosnitzer, Matthew S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hruby, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Alana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barlow, Lamont J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansukhani, Mahesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrylak, Daniel P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Mitchell C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKiernan, James M.</creatorcontrib><title>A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer</title><title>Cancer</title><addtitle>Cancer</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND:
Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.
METHODS:
In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS:
A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).
CONCLUSION:
In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
No statistically significant difference in overall survival and disease‐specific survival was observed between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer. The timing of such chemotherapy appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy.</description><subject>adjuvant chemotherapy</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Carboplatin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</subject><subject>Cisplatin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>cisplatin‐based chemotherapy</subject><subject>Cystectomy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>locally advanced bladder cancer</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</subject><subject>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</subject><subject>Neoadjuvant Therapy</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><subject>systemic chemotherapy</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Tumors of the urinary system</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery</subject><subject>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><issn>0008-543X</issn><issn>1097-0142</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kN1KwzAYhoMobk5PvADJiQhCZ5KmaXs4in8wJ8gEz0KapKyjbWbSKjvzErxGr8TMznnm0cebPHw_DwCnGI0xQuRKNtKOCSNxsgeGGKVxgDAl-2CIEEqCiIYvA3Dk3NLHmEThIRgQHOOYhskQuAmUpl4JWzrTQFPAdqGh6Vr_qN0mN9oItezeRNNC0Si4C3Kha-NpK1ZrWBgLZVU2pRQVnJOvj885FTPk64w8IJhXQintEdFIbY_BQSEqp0-2dQSeb67n2V0wfby9zybTQFLmF8c0pworljMVFopiKlgayRwxFOqCCILyMFUspglRmBFFqfTfMipUmhOcRCocgYu-78qa1067ltelk7qqhD-qczzFlDGWEuzJy56U1jhndcFXtqyFXXOM-MYx3zjmP449fLZt2-W1Vjv0V6oHzreAcN5HYf3VpfvjogixBDHP4Z57Lyu9_mckz2bZUz_8GzwQlYc</recordid><startdate>20120115</startdate><enddate>20120115</enddate><creator>Wosnitzer, Matthew S.</creator><creator>Hruby, Gregory W.</creator><creator>Murphy, Alana M.</creator><creator>Barlow, Lamont J.</creator><creator>Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos</creator><creator>Mansukhani, Mahesh</creator><creator>Petrylak, Daniel P.</creator><creator>Benson, Mitchell C.</creator><creator>McKiernan, James M.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120115</creationdate><title>A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer</title><author>Wosnitzer, Matthew S. ; Hruby, Gregory W. ; Murphy, Alana M. ; Barlow, Lamont J. ; Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos ; Mansukhani, Mahesh ; Petrylak, Daniel P. ; Benson, Mitchell C. ; McKiernan, James M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4608-14b4d1d6b6d3fd414a695cb0603ef2a20b39d67482d162d44c95cc5fd9b2185d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>adjuvant chemotherapy</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Carboplatin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</topic><topic>Cisplatin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>cisplatin‐based chemotherapy</topic><topic>Cystectomy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>locally advanced bladder cancer</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>muscle‐invasive bladder cancer</topic><topic>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</topic><topic>Neoadjuvant Therapy</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Survival Analysis</topic><topic>systemic chemotherapy</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Tumors of the urinary system</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery</topic><topic>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wosnitzer, Matthew S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hruby, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Alana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barlow, Lamont J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansukhani, Mahesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrylak, Daniel P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Mitchell C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKiernan, James M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wosnitzer, Matthew S.</au><au>Hruby, Gregory W.</au><au>Murphy, Alana M.</au><au>Barlow, Lamont J.</au><au>Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos</au><au>Mansukhani, Mahesh</au><au>Petrylak, Daniel P.</au><au>Benson, Mitchell C.</au><au>McKiernan, James M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer</atitle><jtitle>Cancer</jtitle><addtitle>Cancer</addtitle><date>2012-01-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>358</spage><epage>364</epage><pages>358-364</pages><issn>0008-543X</issn><eissn>1097-0142</eissn><coden>CANCAR</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND:
Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.
METHODS:
In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS:
A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).
CONCLUSION:
In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
No statistically significant difference in overall survival and disease‐specific survival was observed between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer. The timing of such chemotherapy appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>21717438</pmid><doi>10.1002/cncr.26278</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adjuvant chemotherapy Aged Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Carboplatin - administration & dosage Chemotherapy, Adjuvant Cisplatin - administration & dosage cisplatin‐based chemotherapy Cystectomy Female Humans locally advanced bladder cancer Male Medical sciences Middle Aged muscle‐invasive bladder cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy Neoadjuvant Therapy Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Retrospective Studies Survival Analysis systemic chemotherapy Treatment Outcome Tumors Tumors of the urinary system Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - surgery Urinary tract. Prostate gland |
| title | A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer |
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