Is celiac axis resection justified for T4 pancreatic body cancer?

Background The clinical impact of the distal pancreatectomy with en-bloc celiac axis resection for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer remains unclear. Methods We reviewed the records of 13 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy-celiac axis resection between 1991 and 2009, 58 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic body cancer involving major vessels, the extrapancreatic neural plexus or other organs (T4 according to the Japanese stage classification) between 1991 and 2009, and 24 patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer without distant metastases (unresectable group) between 2001 and 2009. The clinicopathologic factors and overall survival among the 3 groups were compared. Results The distal pancreatectomy-celiac axis resection group was associated with a significantly higher incidence of morbidity (92% vs 60%, P = .03) and positive surgical margins (69% vs 26%, P = .003) than the distal pancreatectomy group; however, no survival difference was found between the 2 groups. No survivor has lived more than 3 years after operation in the distal pancreatectomy-celiac axis resection group. The distal pancreatectomy-celiac axis resection group had a significantly better prognosis than the unresectable group (median survival time, 20.8 vs 9.8 months; P = .01). Conclusion Aggressive resection for T4 pancreatic body cancer by distal pancreatectomy-celiac axis resection can be justified for otherwise unresectable tumors. The surgical indication should be evaluated carefully because of the higher incidence of morbidity and lower incidence of curability compared with distal pancreatectomy, as well as because there have been no long-term survivors so far.