Immunomodulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by non-toxic doses of hexavalent Chromium
In aquatic organisms, the immune function can be affected by exposure to environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. In vertebrate systems, different forms of Cr have been shown induce either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive processes. Hexavalent Cr, Cr(VI), is an important contaminant r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fish & shellfish immunology 2011-12, Vol.31 (6), p.1026-1033 |
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| creator | Ciacci, C. Barmo, C. Fabbri, R. Canonico, B. Gallo, G. Canesi, L. |
| description | In aquatic organisms, the immune function can be affected by exposure to environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. In vertebrate systems, different forms of Cr have been shown induce either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive processes. Hexavalent Cr, Cr(VI), is an important contaminant released from both domestic and industrial effluents, and the predominant chemical form of the metal in aquatic ecosystems.
In this work, the
in vitro and
in vivo effects of Cr(VI) on immune parameters of the marine bivalve
Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Hemocyte incubation with different concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.1–1–10–100 μM) induced a dose-dependent decrease in lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). Decreases in extracellular lysozyme release and phagocytic activity were also observed, with stronger effects at lower metal concentrations. On the other hand, in these conditions, Cr(VI) stimulated extracellular superoxide production and nitrite accumulation.
The effects of Cr(VI) were also evaluated in mussels exposed to the metal (0.1–1–10 μg L
−1, corresponding to nanomolar concentrations) for 96 h. Decreases in hemocyte LMS values and in serum lysozyme activity were observed with increasing metal concentrations. Decreased phagocytic activity and increased NO production were recorded, with stronger effects at lower concentrations. In these conditions, decreased Total Hemocyte Counts (THC), but no necrotic/apoptotic processes were observed. Moreover, Cr(VI) at both 0.1 and 1 μg L
−1 seemed to induce significant changes in transcription of immune genes (lysozyme, Mytilin C, Myticin B, defensin, MgC1q), of the serotonin receptor (5-HTR) and of the stress protein HSP70, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic gene p53 was unaffected. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to non-toxic, environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(VI) can modulate functional and molecular immune parameters in
M. galloprovincialis.
► Chromium (Cr) is an ubiquitous contaminant in the aquatic environment.
► Different forms of Cr may affect the immune function of aquatic invertebrates.
► Cr(VI) affects functional immune parameters of
Mytilus spp.
in vitro and
in vivo.
►
In vivo Cr(VI) also modulates transcription of immune-related genes.
► Environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) can result in immunomodulation in bivalves. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.09.002 |
| format | Article |
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In this work, the
in vitro and
in vivo effects of Cr(VI) on immune parameters of the marine bivalve
Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Hemocyte incubation with different concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.1–1–10–100 μM) induced a dose-dependent decrease in lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). Decreases in extracellular lysozyme release and phagocytic activity were also observed, with stronger effects at lower metal concentrations. On the other hand, in these conditions, Cr(VI) stimulated extracellular superoxide production and nitrite accumulation.
The effects of Cr(VI) were also evaluated in mussels exposed to the metal (0.1–1–10 μg L
−1, corresponding to nanomolar concentrations) for 96 h. Decreases in hemocyte LMS values and in serum lysozyme activity were observed with increasing metal concentrations. Decreased phagocytic activity and increased NO production were recorded, with stronger effects at lower concentrations. In these conditions, decreased Total Hemocyte Counts (THC), but no necrotic/apoptotic processes were observed. Moreover, Cr(VI) at both 0.1 and 1 μg L
−1 seemed to induce significant changes in transcription of immune genes (lysozyme, Mytilin C, Myticin B, defensin, MgC1q), of the serotonin receptor (5-HTR) and of the stress protein HSP70, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic gene p53 was unaffected. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to non-toxic, environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(VI) can modulate functional and molecular immune parameters in
M. galloprovincialis.
► Chromium (Cr) is an ubiquitous contaminant in the aquatic environment.
► Different forms of Cr may affect the immune function of aquatic invertebrates.
► Cr(VI) affects functional immune parameters of
Mytilus spp.
in vitro and
in vivo.
►
In vivo Cr(VI) also modulates transcription of immune-related genes.
► Environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) can result in immunomodulation in bivalves.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.09.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21925273</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bivalves ; Bivalvia ; Chromium - immunology ; Chromium - pharmacology ; Cr(VI) ; DNA Primers - genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Pollutants - immunology ; Environmental Pollutants - pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation - immunology ; Hemocytes ; Hemocytes - drug effects ; Immune response ; Immunomodulation - drug effects ; Immunomodulation - immunology ; Lysosomes - drug effects ; Lysosomes - metabolism ; Marine ; Mytilus - immunology ; Mytilus galloprovincialis ; Nitrites - metabolism ; Phagocytosis - drug effects ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Superoxides - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Fish & shellfish immunology, 2011-12, Vol.31 (6), p.1026-1033</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-a5e0a653cc8b0a1a5d223c96720352ecaef38e472c4cd102476668bedfa7619a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-a5e0a653cc8b0a1a5d223c96720352ecaef38e472c4cd102476668bedfa7619a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050464811003317$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21925273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ciacci, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barmo, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabbri, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canonico, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallo, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canesi, L.</creatorcontrib><title>Immunomodulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by non-toxic doses of hexavalent Chromium</title><title>Fish & shellfish immunology</title><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><description>In aquatic organisms, the immune function can be affected by exposure to environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. In vertebrate systems, different forms of Cr have been shown induce either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive processes. Hexavalent Cr, Cr(VI), is an important contaminant released from both domestic and industrial effluents, and the predominant chemical form of the metal in aquatic ecosystems.
In this work, the
in vitro and
in vivo effects of Cr(VI) on immune parameters of the marine bivalve
Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Hemocyte incubation with different concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.1–1–10–100 μM) induced a dose-dependent decrease in lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). Decreases in extracellular lysozyme release and phagocytic activity were also observed, with stronger effects at lower metal concentrations. On the other hand, in these conditions, Cr(VI) stimulated extracellular superoxide production and nitrite accumulation.
The effects of Cr(VI) were also evaluated in mussels exposed to the metal (0.1–1–10 μg L
−1, corresponding to nanomolar concentrations) for 96 h. Decreases in hemocyte LMS values and in serum lysozyme activity were observed with increasing metal concentrations. Decreased phagocytic activity and increased NO production were recorded, with stronger effects at lower concentrations. In these conditions, decreased Total Hemocyte Counts (THC), but no necrotic/apoptotic processes were observed. Moreover, Cr(VI) at both 0.1 and 1 μg L
−1 seemed to induce significant changes in transcription of immune genes (lysozyme, Mytilin C, Myticin B, defensin, MgC1q), of the serotonin receptor (5-HTR) and of the stress protein HSP70, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic gene p53 was unaffected. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to non-toxic, environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(VI) can modulate functional and molecular immune parameters in
M. galloprovincialis.
► Chromium (Cr) is an ubiquitous contaminant in the aquatic environment.
► Different forms of Cr may affect the immune function of aquatic invertebrates.
► Cr(VI) affects functional immune parameters of
Mytilus spp.
in vitro and
in vivo.
►
In vivo Cr(VI) also modulates transcription of immune-related genes.
► Environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) can result in immunomodulation in bivalves.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bivalves</subject><subject>Bivalvia</subject><subject>Chromium - immunology</subject><subject>Chromium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cr(VI)</subject><subject>DNA Primers - genetics</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - immunology</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Flow Cytometry</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - immunology</subject><subject>Hemocytes</subject><subject>Hemocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immunomodulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Immunomodulation - immunology</subject><subject>Lysosomes - drug effects</subject><subject>Lysosomes - metabolism</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Mytilus - immunology</subject><subject>Mytilus galloprovincialis</subject><subject>Nitrites - metabolism</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><subject>Superoxides - metabolism</subject><issn>1050-4648</issn><issn>1095-9947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EgvLxA1iQN6aEs5M4sZhQxUelIhYQo-U6F3Dl2CVOKvrvSdXCyHQ3PO-ru4eQSwYpAyZulmkTbcqBsRRkCsAPyISBLBIp8_JwuxeQ5CKvTshpjEsAEJmAY3LCmeQFL7MJeZ-17eBDG-rB6d4GT62nz5veuiHSD-1cWHVhbb2x2tlIFxvqg0_68G0NrUPESENDP_Fbr7VD39PpZxdaO7Tn5KjRLuLFfp6Rt4f71-lTMn95nE3v5onJqrxPdIGgRZEZUy1AM13UnGdGipJDVnA0GpuswrzkJjc1A56XQohqgXWjS8Gkzs7I9a53PPNrwNir1kaDzmmPYYhKMsbGBLCRZDvSdCHGDhu16myru41ioLY61VKNOtVWpwKpRp1j5mrfPixarP8Sv_5G4HYH4Pjj2mKnorHoDda2Q9OrOth_6n8AD7qG-g</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Ciacci, C.</creator><creator>Barmo, C.</creator><creator>Fabbri, R.</creator><creator>Canonico, B.</creator><creator>Gallo, G.</creator><creator>Canesi, L.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>Immunomodulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by non-toxic doses of hexavalent Chromium</title><author>Ciacci, C. ; Barmo, C. ; Fabbri, R. ; Canonico, B. ; Gallo, G. ; Canesi, L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-a5e0a653cc8b0a1a5d223c96720352ecaef38e472c4cd102476668bedfa7619a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bivalves</topic><topic>Bivalvia</topic><topic>Chromium - immunology</topic><topic>Chromium - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cr(VI)</topic><topic>DNA Primers - genetics</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - immunology</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Flow Cytometry</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - immunology</topic><topic>Hemocytes</topic><topic>Hemocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immunomodulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Immunomodulation - immunology</topic><topic>Lysosomes - drug effects</topic><topic>Lysosomes - metabolism</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Mytilus - immunology</topic><topic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</topic><topic>Nitrites - metabolism</topic><topic>Phagocytosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><topic>Superoxides - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ciacci, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barmo, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabbri, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canonico, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallo, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canesi, L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ciacci, C.</au><au>Barmo, C.</au><au>Fabbri, R.</au><au>Canonico, B.</au><au>Gallo, G.</au><au>Canesi, L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunomodulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by non-toxic doses of hexavalent Chromium</atitle><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1026</spage><epage>1033</epage><pages>1026-1033</pages><issn>1050-4648</issn><eissn>1095-9947</eissn><abstract>In aquatic organisms, the immune function can be affected by exposure to environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. In vertebrate systems, different forms of Cr have been shown induce either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive processes. Hexavalent Cr, Cr(VI), is an important contaminant released from both domestic and industrial effluents, and the predominant chemical form of the metal in aquatic ecosystems.
In this work, the
in vitro and
in vivo effects of Cr(VI) on immune parameters of the marine bivalve
Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Hemocyte incubation with different concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.1–1–10–100 μM) induced a dose-dependent decrease in lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). Decreases in extracellular lysozyme release and phagocytic activity were also observed, with stronger effects at lower metal concentrations. On the other hand, in these conditions, Cr(VI) stimulated extracellular superoxide production and nitrite accumulation.
The effects of Cr(VI) were also evaluated in mussels exposed to the metal (0.1–1–10 μg L
−1, corresponding to nanomolar concentrations) for 96 h. Decreases in hemocyte LMS values and in serum lysozyme activity were observed with increasing metal concentrations. Decreased phagocytic activity and increased NO production were recorded, with stronger effects at lower concentrations. In these conditions, decreased Total Hemocyte Counts (THC), but no necrotic/apoptotic processes were observed. Moreover, Cr(VI) at both 0.1 and 1 μg L
−1 seemed to induce significant changes in transcription of immune genes (lysozyme, Mytilin C, Myticin B, defensin, MgC1q), of the serotonin receptor (5-HTR) and of the stress protein HSP70, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic gene p53 was unaffected. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to non-toxic, environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(VI) can modulate functional and molecular immune parameters in
M. galloprovincialis.
► Chromium (Cr) is an ubiquitous contaminant in the aquatic environment.
► Different forms of Cr may affect the immune function of aquatic invertebrates.
► Cr(VI) affects functional immune parameters of
Mytilus spp.
in vitro and
in vivo.
►
In vivo Cr(VI) also modulates transcription of immune-related genes.
► Environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) can result in immunomodulation in bivalves.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>21925273</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fsi.2011.09.002</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Fish & shellfish immunology, 2011-12, Vol.31 (6), p.1026-1033 |
| issn | 1050-4648 1095-9947 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Bivalves Bivalvia Chromium - immunology Chromium - pharmacology Cr(VI) DNA Primers - genetics Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Environmental Pollutants - immunology Environmental Pollutants - pharmacology Flow Cytometry Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Gene Expression Regulation - immunology Hemocytes Hemocytes - drug effects Immune response Immunomodulation - drug effects Immunomodulation - immunology Lysosomes - drug effects Lysosomes - metabolism Marine Mytilus - immunology Mytilus galloprovincialis Nitrites - metabolism Phagocytosis - drug effects Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Statistics, Nonparametric Superoxides - metabolism |
| title | Immunomodulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by non-toxic doses of hexavalent Chromium |
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