Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources
► Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses. ► PWs could be an asset rather than a liability and increase water resources. ► Constituents prevalent in the five sources of PWs included chlorides, inorganics (nonmetals, metals, and metalloid...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Chemosphere (Oxford) 2011-09, Vol.85 (1), p.74-82 |
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| creator | Alley, Bethany Beebe, Alex Rodgers, John Castle, James W. |
| description | ► Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses. ► PWs could be an asset rather than a liability and increase water resources. ► Constituents prevalent in the five sources of PWs included chlorides, inorganics (nonmetals, metals, and metalloids), organics and NORM.
Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses such as irrigation and surface water discharge at some sites. A meta-analysis of characteristics of five PW sources [i.e. shale gas (SGPWs), conventional natural gas (NGPWs), conventional oil (OPWs), coal-bed methane (CBMPWs), tight gas sands (TGSPWs)] was conducted from peer-reviewed literature, government or industry documents, book chapters, internet sources, analytical records from industry, and analyses of PW samples. This meta-analysis assembled a large dataset to extract information of interest such as differences and similarities in constituent and constituent concentrations across these sources of PWs. The PW data analyzed were comprised of 377 coal-bed methane, 165 oilfield, 137 tight gas sand, 4000 natural gas, and 541 shale gas records. Majority of SGPWs, NGPWs, OPWs, and TGSPWs contain chloride concentrations ranging from saline (>30000mgL−1) to hypersaline (>40000mgL−1), while most CBMPWs were fresh ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.043 |
| format | Article |
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Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses such as irrigation and surface water discharge at some sites. A meta-analysis of characteristics of five PW sources [i.e. shale gas (SGPWs), conventional natural gas (NGPWs), conventional oil (OPWs), coal-bed methane (CBMPWs), tight gas sands (TGSPWs)] was conducted from peer-reviewed literature, government or industry documents, book chapters, internet sources, analytical records from industry, and analyses of PW samples. This meta-analysis assembled a large dataset to extract information of interest such as differences and similarities in constituent and constituent concentrations across these sources of PWs. The PW data analyzed were comprised of 377 coal-bed methane, 165 oilfield, 137 tight gas sand, 4000 natural gas, and 541 shale gas records. Majority of SGPWs, NGPWs, OPWs, and TGSPWs contain chloride concentrations ranging from saline (>30000mgL−1) to hypersaline (>40000mgL−1), while most CBMPWs were fresh (<5000mgL−1). For inorganic constituents, most SGPW and NGPW iron concentrations exceeded the numeric criterion for irrigation and surface water discharge, while OPW and CBMPW iron concentrations were less than the criterion. Approximately one-fourth of the PW samples in this database are fresh and likely need minimal treatment for metal and metalloid constituents prior to use, while some PWs are brackish (5000–30000mgCl−L−1) to saline containing metals and metalloids that may require considerable treatment. Other PWs are hypersaline and produce a considerable waste stream from reverse osmosis; remediation of these waters may not be feasible. After renovation, fresh to saline PWs may be used for irrigation and replenishing surface waters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21680012</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMSHAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural Irrigation ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Beneficial use ; Biological and medical sciences ; Coal-bed methane produced waters ; Constituents ; Conventional natural gas produced waters ; Conventional oil produced waters ; Criteria ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fossil Fuels - analysis ; Freshwater ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Groundwater - analysis ; Irrigation ; Metalloids ; Natural gas ; Paleontology ; Paleontology: general ; Saline ; Salinity ; Sands ; Shale gas produced waters ; Surface water ; Tight gas sands produced waters ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Purification ; Water Supply - analysis</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2011-09, Vol.85 (1), p.74-82</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-6c19862c330d343e77538f53b8c57d6d02cb9eaa8630891c3f84afb180e13e173</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-6c19862c330d343e77538f53b8c57d6d02cb9eaa8630891c3f84afb180e13e173</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.043$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24493800$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680012$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alley, Bethany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beebe, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodgers, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castle, James W.</creatorcontrib><title>Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>► Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses. ► PWs could be an asset rather than a liability and increase water resources. ► Constituents prevalent in the five sources of PWs included chlorides, inorganics (nonmetals, metals, and metalloids), organics and NORM.
Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses such as irrigation and surface water discharge at some sites. A meta-analysis of characteristics of five PW sources [i.e. shale gas (SGPWs), conventional natural gas (NGPWs), conventional oil (OPWs), coal-bed methane (CBMPWs), tight gas sands (TGSPWs)] was conducted from peer-reviewed literature, government or industry documents, book chapters, internet sources, analytical records from industry, and analyses of PW samples. This meta-analysis assembled a large dataset to extract information of interest such as differences and similarities in constituent and constituent concentrations across these sources of PWs. The PW data analyzed were comprised of 377 coal-bed methane, 165 oilfield, 137 tight gas sand, 4000 natural gas, and 541 shale gas records. Majority of SGPWs, NGPWs, OPWs, and TGSPWs contain chloride concentrations ranging from saline (>30000mgL−1) to hypersaline (>40000mgL−1), while most CBMPWs were fresh (<5000mgL−1). For inorganic constituents, most SGPW and NGPW iron concentrations exceeded the numeric criterion for irrigation and surface water discharge, while OPW and CBMPW iron concentrations were less than the criterion. Approximately one-fourth of the PW samples in this database are fresh and likely need minimal treatment for metal and metalloid constituents prior to use, while some PWs are brackish (5000–30000mgCl−L−1) to saline containing metals and metalloids that may require considerable treatment. Other PWs are hypersaline and produce a considerable waste stream from reverse osmosis; remediation of these waters may not be feasible. After renovation, fresh to saline PWs may be used for irrigation and replenishing surface waters.</description><subject>Agricultural Irrigation</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Beneficial use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Coal-bed methane produced waters</subject><subject>Constituents</subject><subject>Conventional natural gas produced waters</subject><subject>Conventional oil produced waters</subject><subject>Criteria</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fossil Fuels - analysis</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Groundwater - analysis</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Metalloids</subject><subject>Natural gas</subject><subject>Paleontology</subject><subject>Paleontology: general</subject><subject>Saline</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sands</subject><subject>Shale gas produced waters</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Tight gas sands produced waters</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><subject>Water Supply - analysis</subject><issn>0045-6535</issn><issn>1879-1298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v1DAQQK0KRJfCX0DhUPWUYMd2bB-rVQtIlbjA2fJOxlqvknixk1bl1-NllwKnchqN_ebDfoS8Z7RhlHUfdg1scYx5v8WETUsZa6hsqOBnZMW0MjVrjX5BVpQKWXeSy3PyOucdpaVYmlfkvGWdLkm7IvO6dArghspNfbXfPuZfCWxdcjBjCj_cHOJURV_tU-wXwL56cOUiVz7FsYI43eN0QE4tlumfIx9zDiUsOFQJc1wSYH5DXno3ZHx7ihfk2-3N1_Wn-u7Lx8_r67saJBVz3QEzumuBc9pzwVEpybWXfKNBqr7raQsbg87pjlNtGHCvhfMbpikyjkzxC3J17FtW_75gnu0YMuAwuAnjkq2hinVKCPEsqbWU0ijFC2mOJKTytITe7lMYXXq0jNqDHbuzf9mxBzuWSlvslNp3pynLZsT-qfK3jgJcngCXiwaf3AQh_-GEMLyQhVsfOSy_dx8w2QwBpyInJITZ9jH8xzo_AYNmtdE</recordid><startdate>20110901</startdate><enddate>20110901</enddate><creator>Alley, Bethany</creator><creator>Beebe, Alex</creator><creator>Rodgers, John</creator><creator>Castle, James W.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110901</creationdate><title>Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources</title><author>Alley, Bethany ; Beebe, Alex ; Rodgers, John ; Castle, James W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-6c19862c330d343e77538f53b8c57d6d02cb9eaa8630891c3f84afb180e13e173</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Agricultural Irrigation</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Beneficial use</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Coal-bed methane produced waters</topic><topic>Constituents</topic><topic>Conventional natural gas produced waters</topic><topic>Conventional oil produced waters</topic><topic>Criteria</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fossil Fuels - analysis</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Groundwater - analysis</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Metalloids</topic><topic>Natural gas</topic><topic>Paleontology</topic><topic>Paleontology: general</topic><topic>Saline</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Sands</topic><topic>Shale gas produced waters</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Tight gas sands produced waters</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Purification</topic><topic>Water Supply - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alley, Bethany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beebe, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodgers, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castle, James W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alley, Bethany</au><au>Beebe, Alex</au><au>Rodgers, John</au><au>Castle, James W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>85</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>74</spage><epage>82</epage><pages>74-82</pages><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><coden>CMSHAF</coden><abstract>► Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses. ► PWs could be an asset rather than a liability and increase water resources. ► Constituents prevalent in the five sources of PWs included chlorides, inorganics (nonmetals, metals, and metalloids), organics and NORM.
Characterization of produced waters (PWs) is an initial step for determining potential beneficial uses such as irrigation and surface water discharge at some sites. A meta-analysis of characteristics of five PW sources [i.e. shale gas (SGPWs), conventional natural gas (NGPWs), conventional oil (OPWs), coal-bed methane (CBMPWs), tight gas sands (TGSPWs)] was conducted from peer-reviewed literature, government or industry documents, book chapters, internet sources, analytical records from industry, and analyses of PW samples. This meta-analysis assembled a large dataset to extract information of interest such as differences and similarities in constituent and constituent concentrations across these sources of PWs. The PW data analyzed were comprised of 377 coal-bed methane, 165 oilfield, 137 tight gas sand, 4000 natural gas, and 541 shale gas records. Majority of SGPWs, NGPWs, OPWs, and TGSPWs contain chloride concentrations ranging from saline (>30000mgL−1) to hypersaline (>40000mgL−1), while most CBMPWs were fresh (<5000mgL−1). For inorganic constituents, most SGPW and NGPW iron concentrations exceeded the numeric criterion for irrigation and surface water discharge, while OPW and CBMPW iron concentrations were less than the criterion. Approximately one-fourth of the PW samples in this database are fresh and likely need minimal treatment for metal and metalloid constituents prior to use, while some PWs are brackish (5000–30000mgCl−L−1) to saline containing metals and metalloids that may require considerable treatment. Other PWs are hypersaline and produce a considerable waste stream from reverse osmosis; remediation of these waters may not be feasible. After renovation, fresh to saline PWs may be used for irrigation and replenishing surface waters.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>21680012</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.043</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural Irrigation Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Beneficial use Biological and medical sciences Coal-bed methane produced waters Constituents Conventional natural gas produced waters Conventional oil produced waters Criteria Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Fossil Fuels - analysis Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Groundwater - analysis Irrigation Metalloids Natural gas Paleontology Paleontology: general Saline Salinity Sands Shale gas produced waters Surface water Tight gas sands produced waters Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Purification Water Supply - analysis |
| title | Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources |
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