Glucosylglycerate: a secondary compatible solute common to marine cyanobacteria from nitrogen-poor environments
The synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes represent an essential part of the salt acclimation strategy of microorganisms. Glucosylglycerol is considered to be the typical compatible solute among marine cyanobacteria. However, genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of glucosylglycerol...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental microbiology 2010-01, Vol.12 (1), p.83-94 |
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| creator | Klähn, Stephan Steglich, Claudia Hess, Wolfgang R Hagemann, Martin |
| description | The synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes represent an essential part of the salt acclimation strategy of microorganisms. Glucosylglycerol is considered to be the typical compatible solute among marine cyanobacteria. However, genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of glucosylglycerol were not detected in the genome sequences of marine picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus strains. Instead, we noticed the presence of genes that putatively encode for glucosylglycerate (GGA) synthesis among Prochlorococcus and most other closely related marine picocyanobacteria. Recombinant proteins from Prochlorococcus marinus SS120 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 exhibited glucosyl-phosphoglycerate synthase (GpgS) activity, and GpgS is a key enzyme of GGA synthesis. GGA accumulation was found to be salt- as well as nitrogen-regulated in the coastal strain Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Moreover, GGA was also detected in all picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains harbouring gpgS genes, especially under N-limiting conditions. These results suggest that marine picocyanobacteria acquired the capacity to synthesize the negatively charged compound GGA during their evolution. Our results establish GGA as the fifth most widespread compatible solute among cyanobacteria. Additionally, GGA appears to replace glutamate as an anion to counter monovalent cations in marine picocyanobacteria from N-poor environments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02045.x |
| format | Article |
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Glucosylglycerol is considered to be the typical compatible solute among marine cyanobacteria. However, genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of glucosylglycerol were not detected in the genome sequences of marine picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus strains. Instead, we noticed the presence of genes that putatively encode for glucosylglycerate (GGA) synthesis among Prochlorococcus and most other closely related marine picocyanobacteria. Recombinant proteins from Prochlorococcus marinus SS120 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 exhibited glucosyl-phosphoglycerate synthase (GpgS) activity, and GpgS is a key enzyme of GGA synthesis. GGA accumulation was found to be salt- as well as nitrogen-regulated in the coastal strain Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Moreover, GGA was also detected in all picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains harbouring gpgS genes, especially under N-limiting conditions. These results suggest that marine picocyanobacteria acquired the capacity to synthesize the negatively charged compound GGA during their evolution. Our results establish GGA as the fifth most widespread compatible solute among cyanobacteria. Additionally, GGA appears to replace glutamate as an anion to counter monovalent cations in marine picocyanobacteria from N-poor environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-2912</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1462-2920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02045.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19735283</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Glucosides - biosynthesis ; Glucosyltransferases - genetics ; Glucosyltransferases - metabolism ; Glyceric Acids ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Prochlorococcus ; Prochlorococcus - enzymology ; Prochlorococcus - genetics ; Prochlorococcus marinus ; Recombinant Proteins - genetics ; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism ; Salinity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synechococcus ; Synechococcus - enzymology ; Synechococcus - genetics</subject><ispartof>Environmental microbiology, 2010-01, Vol.12 (1), p.83-94</ispartof><rights>2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4965-2b004da3056f6671e7627a98eda380be7627a8e7549124f5095921a3d779fc4d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4965-2b004da3056f6671e7627a98eda380be7627a8e7549124f5095921a3d779fc4d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1462-2920.2009.02045.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1462-2920.2009.02045.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735283$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Klähn, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steglich, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hess, Wolfgang R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagemann, Martin</creatorcontrib><title>Glucosylglycerate: a secondary compatible solute common to marine cyanobacteria from nitrogen-poor environments</title><title>Environmental microbiology</title><addtitle>Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>The synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes represent an essential part of the salt acclimation strategy of microorganisms. Glucosylglycerol is considered to be the typical compatible solute among marine cyanobacteria. However, genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of glucosylglycerol were not detected in the genome sequences of marine picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus strains. Instead, we noticed the presence of genes that putatively encode for glucosylglycerate (GGA) synthesis among Prochlorococcus and most other closely related marine picocyanobacteria. Recombinant proteins from Prochlorococcus marinus SS120 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 exhibited glucosyl-phosphoglycerate synthase (GpgS) activity, and GpgS is a key enzyme of GGA synthesis. GGA accumulation was found to be salt- as well as nitrogen-regulated in the coastal strain Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Moreover, GGA was also detected in all picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains harbouring gpgS genes, especially under N-limiting conditions. These results suggest that marine picocyanobacteria acquired the capacity to synthesize the negatively charged compound GGA during their evolution. Our results establish GGA as the fifth most widespread compatible solute among cyanobacteria. Additionally, GGA appears to replace glutamate as an anion to counter monovalent cations in marine picocyanobacteria from N-poor environments.</description><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial</subject><subject>Genes, Bacterial</subject><subject>Glucosides - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Glucosyltransferases - genetics</subject><subject>Glucosyltransferases - metabolism</subject><subject>Glyceric Acids</subject><subject>Nitrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus - enzymology</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus - genetics</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus marinus</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Synechococcus</subject><subject>Synechococcus - enzymology</subject><subject>Synechococcus - genetics</subject><issn>1462-2912</issn><issn>1462-2920</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUcuO1DAQtBCIfcAvgG-cEtrOwwkSB7RaZhctD2lZcbScpDPykNiD7cDk79cho-GKL-4uV7VV1YRQBimL5-0uZXnJE15zSDlAnQKHvEgPT8j56eHpqWb8jFx4vwNgIhPwnJyxWmQFr7JzYjfD1Fo_D9thbtGpgO-ooh5bazrlZtraca-Cbgak3g5TwAUZraHB0lE5bSIwK2Mb1QZ0WtHe2ZEaHZzdokn21jqK5rd21oxogn9BnvVq8PjyeF-Sh4_X369ukruvm9urD3dJm9dlkfAGIO9UBkXZl6VgKEouVF1hxCpo1rZCUeTRXd4XUBc1ZyrrhKj7Nu-yS_Jmnbt39teEPshR-xaHQRm0k5c1CJZXrCojs1qZrbPeO-zl3ulobZYM5JK23MklSLmEKpe05d-05SFKXx0_mZoRu3_CY7yR8H4l_NEDzv89WF5_vl2qqE9WvfYBDye9cj9lGVdZyB9fNnIj4NMNh3v5LfJfr_xeWam2Tnv5cM-BZXHzPNrNskcMkqeF</recordid><startdate>201001</startdate><enddate>201001</enddate><creator>Klähn, Stephan</creator><creator>Steglich, Claudia</creator><creator>Hess, Wolfgang R</creator><creator>Hagemann, Martin</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201001</creationdate><title>Glucosylglycerate: a secondary compatible solute common to marine cyanobacteria from nitrogen-poor environments</title><author>Klähn, Stephan ; 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Glucosylglycerol is considered to be the typical compatible solute among marine cyanobacteria. However, genes that encode enzymes for the synthesis of glucosylglycerol were not detected in the genome sequences of marine picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus strains. Instead, we noticed the presence of genes that putatively encode for glucosylglycerate (GGA) synthesis among Prochlorococcus and most other closely related marine picocyanobacteria. Recombinant proteins from Prochlorococcus marinus SS120 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 exhibited glucosyl-phosphoglycerate synthase (GpgS) activity, and GpgS is a key enzyme of GGA synthesis. GGA accumulation was found to be salt- as well as nitrogen-regulated in the coastal strain Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Moreover, GGA was also detected in all picoplanktonic Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains harbouring gpgS genes, especially under N-limiting conditions. 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| ispartof | Environmental microbiology, 2010-01, Vol.12 (1), p.83-94 |
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| subjects | Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism DNA, Bacterial - genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genes, Bacterial Glucosides - biosynthesis Glucosyltransferases - genetics Glucosyltransferases - metabolism Glyceric Acids Nitrogen - metabolism Phylogeny Prochlorococcus Prochlorococcus - enzymology Prochlorococcus - genetics Prochlorococcus marinus Recombinant Proteins - genetics Recombinant Proteins - metabolism Salinity Sequence Analysis, DNA Synechococcus Synechococcus - enzymology Synechococcus - genetics |
| title | Glucosylglycerate: a secondary compatible solute common to marine cyanobacteria from nitrogen-poor environments |
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