Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD
Introduction Uremic type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis need various types of antidiabetic therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy or insulin substitution or diet therapy alone during their first year of hemodialysis...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International urology and nephrology 2011-12, Vol.43 (4), p.1155-1160 |
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| description | Introduction
Uremic type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis need various types of antidiabetic therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy or insulin substitution or diet therapy alone during their first year of hemodialysis.
Patients and methods
Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients who had started hemodialysis (HD) at our dialysis center between 2003 and 2007 were included in the study. Kidney-transplanted patients (
n
= 1) and those with chronic infectious or malignant diseases (
n
= 4) were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to their antidiabetic therapy: group 1 consisted of patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy (
n
= 12), group 2 of those on insulin therapy (
n
= 42), and group 3 of those being treated with diet alone (
n
= 10). At the start of HD and 12 months later, we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia (
n
/patient/month), cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, and insulin requirements in the insulin-treated group. C-peptide was only measured at the start of dialysis. We evaluated changes in antidiabetic therapy during the first year on dialysis, and the prevalence of vascular disease in each group at the start of HD.
Results
FPG and HbA1c values were similar in all groups at the start of HD and after 1 year. Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in insulin-treated patients; however, the difference was not significant. Cholesterol levels were similar in all groups, whereas triglycerides were significantly lower in insulin-treated patients (138 ± 28 vs. 176 ± 46 mg/dl;
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11255-010-9804-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_906556197</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>906556197</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-da9c777f509f8e05cdcae2f031d5e3ccbf9cba2c7717fc7cc2719ad30d4f2ffc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhi0EokPhAdggiw2r0GNnEk-WqJSLVITEZR059nHHVcYOvpTm0Xg7bE0pEhIrb77_-4_8E_KcwWsGIM4iY7zrGmDQDDvYNrcPyIZ1om14t9s-JBtogTWs5-0JeRLjNQAUDB6TEw79FoZ2tyG_PmGSk5-tosq7FPxMpdP0RkaVZxmothFlxEiz0xioD7ICyWorJ0wlpUO-ojcYYo7Uuphn62jaY5DLWk1nvjowUTl7h1TnYN1VBaixISa6Yinxhu7x4ItzXqOtHprWBSmn9zWLTBZdivSnTXt68fXL26fkkZFzxGd37yn5_u7i2_mH5vLz-4_nby4b1QpIjZaDEkKYDgazQ-iUVhK5gZbpDlulJjOoSfLCMGGUUIoLNkjdgt4aboxqT8mro3cJ_kfGmMaDjQrnWTr0OY4D9F3Xs0EU8uU_5LXPwZXjKsRg27MKsSOkgo8xoBmXYA8yrCODsa46Hlcdy6pjXXW8LZkXd-I8HVDfJ_7MWAB-BOJS_xfD3-b_W38DRrOypQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>906104617</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Biesenbach, Georg ; Bodlaj, Gert ; Ebner, Stephan ; Biesenbach, Peter ; Pieringer, Herwig</creator><creatorcontrib>Biesenbach, Georg ; Bodlaj, Gert ; Ebner, Stephan ; Biesenbach, Peter ; Pieringer, Herwig</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction
Uremic type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis need various types of antidiabetic therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy or insulin substitution or diet therapy alone during their first year of hemodialysis.
Patients and methods
Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients who had started hemodialysis (HD) at our dialysis center between 2003 and 2007 were included in the study. Kidney-transplanted patients (
n
= 1) and those with chronic infectious or malignant diseases (
n
= 4) were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to their antidiabetic therapy: group 1 consisted of patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy (
n
= 12), group 2 of those on insulin therapy (
n
= 42), and group 3 of those being treated with diet alone (
n
= 10). At the start of HD and 12 months later, we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia (
n
/patient/month), cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, and insulin requirements in the insulin-treated group. C-peptide was only measured at the start of dialysis. We evaluated changes in antidiabetic therapy during the first year on dialysis, and the prevalence of vascular disease in each group at the start of HD.
Results
FPG and HbA1c values were similar in all groups at the start of HD and after 1 year. Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in insulin-treated patients; however, the difference was not significant. Cholesterol levels were similar in all groups, whereas triglycerides were significantly lower in insulin-treated patients (138 ± 28 vs. 176 ± 46 mg/dl;
P
< 0.05). Body weight was similar in all groups. No significant change in body weight was observed in any group after 12 months on dialysis. At the start of HD, C-peptide levels were lower in insulin-treated patients than in the other groups (1.8 ± 0.9 ng/ml vs. 2.2 ± 1.1 and 2.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml;
P
< 0.05). During the first 12 months on HD, two patients from group 1 were shifted to group 3 (diet alone), while four patients could reduce their drug dosage (33%). However, two subjects became insulin-dependent. In group 2, insulin therapy could be terminated in two cases, while the insulin dose could be reduced in 20 patients (48%). In group 3, one patient was switched to oral antidiabetic therapy. The prevalence of vascular disease was slightly higher in group 3 (NS).
Conclusion
Within 1 year after the start of HD, the dose of sulfonylurea as well as insulin could be reduced in a large majority of patients. Metabolic control was similar in all groups. Only triglycerides were significantly lower in group 2. The frequency of hypoglycemia and the prevalence of vascular disease were just slightly higher in the group on insulin therapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-1623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2584</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11255-010-9804-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20640938</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IURNAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Aged ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Body Weight ; C-Peptide - blood ; Cholesterol - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy ; Diabetic Nephropathies - complications ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia - blood ; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use ; Insulin - therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology ; Nephrology – Original Paper ; Renal Dialysis ; Sulfonylurea Compounds - therapeutic use ; Triglycerides - blood ; Urology ; Vascular Diseases - etiology</subject><ispartof>International urology and nephrology, 2011-12, Vol.43 (4), p.1155-1160</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2010</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-da9c777f509f8e05cdcae2f031d5e3ccbf9cba2c7717fc7cc2719ad30d4f2ffc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-da9c777f509f8e05cdcae2f031d5e3ccbf9cba2c7717fc7cc2719ad30d4f2ffc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11255-010-9804-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11255-010-9804-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20640938$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Biesenbach, Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodlaj, Gert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebner, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biesenbach, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieringer, Herwig</creatorcontrib><title>Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD</title><title>International urology and nephrology</title><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><description>Introduction
Uremic type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis need various types of antidiabetic therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy or insulin substitution or diet therapy alone during their first year of hemodialysis.
Patients and methods
Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients who had started hemodialysis (HD) at our dialysis center between 2003 and 2007 were included in the study. Kidney-transplanted patients (
n
= 1) and those with chronic infectious or malignant diseases (
n
= 4) were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to their antidiabetic therapy: group 1 consisted of patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy (
n
= 12), group 2 of those on insulin therapy (
n
= 42), and group 3 of those being treated with diet alone (
n
= 10). At the start of HD and 12 months later, we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia (
n
/patient/month), cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, and insulin requirements in the insulin-treated group. C-peptide was only measured at the start of dialysis. We evaluated changes in antidiabetic therapy during the first year on dialysis, and the prevalence of vascular disease in each group at the start of HD.
Results
FPG and HbA1c values were similar in all groups at the start of HD and after 1 year. Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in insulin-treated patients; however, the difference was not significant. Cholesterol levels were similar in all groups, whereas triglycerides were significantly lower in insulin-treated patients (138 ± 28 vs. 176 ± 46 mg/dl;
P
< 0.05). Body weight was similar in all groups. No significant change in body weight was observed in any group after 12 months on dialysis. At the start of HD, C-peptide levels were lower in insulin-treated patients than in the other groups (1.8 ± 0.9 ng/ml vs. 2.2 ± 1.1 and 2.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml;
P
< 0.05). During the first 12 months on HD, two patients from group 1 were shifted to group 3 (diet alone), while four patients could reduce their drug dosage (33%). However, two subjects became insulin-dependent. In group 2, insulin therapy could be terminated in two cases, while the insulin dose could be reduced in 20 patients (48%). In group 3, one patient was switched to oral antidiabetic therapy. The prevalence of vascular disease was slightly higher in group 3 (NS).
Conclusion
Within 1 year after the start of HD, the dose of sulfonylurea as well as insulin could be reduced in a large majority of patients. Metabolic control was similar in all groups. Only triglycerides were significantly lower in group 2. The frequency of hypoglycemia and the prevalence of vascular disease were just slightly higher in the group on insulin therapy.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>C-Peptide - blood</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetic Nephropathies - complications</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoglycemia - blood</subject><subject>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Insulin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Nephrology – Original Paper</subject><subject>Renal Dialysis</subject><subject>Sulfonylurea Compounds - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Urology</subject><subject>Vascular Diseases - etiology</subject><issn>0301-1623</issn><issn>1573-2584</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhi0EokPhAdggiw2r0GNnEk-WqJSLVITEZR059nHHVcYOvpTm0Xg7bE0pEhIrb77_-4_8E_KcwWsGIM4iY7zrGmDQDDvYNrcPyIZ1om14t9s-JBtogTWs5-0JeRLjNQAUDB6TEw79FoZ2tyG_PmGSk5-tosq7FPxMpdP0RkaVZxmothFlxEiz0xioD7ICyWorJ0wlpUO-ojcYYo7Uuphn62jaY5DLWk1nvjowUTl7h1TnYN1VBaixISa6Yinxhu7x4ItzXqOtHprWBSmn9zWLTBZdivSnTXt68fXL26fkkZFzxGd37yn5_u7i2_mH5vLz-4_nby4b1QpIjZaDEkKYDgazQ-iUVhK5gZbpDlulJjOoSfLCMGGUUIoLNkjdgt4aboxqT8mro3cJ_kfGmMaDjQrnWTr0OY4D9F3Xs0EU8uU_5LXPwZXjKsRg27MKsSOkgo8xoBmXYA8yrCODsa46Hlcdy6pjXXW8LZkXd-I8HVDfJ_7MWAB-BOJS_xfD3-b_W38DRrOypQ</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Biesenbach, Georg</creator><creator>Bodlaj, Gert</creator><creator>Ebner, Stephan</creator><creator>Biesenbach, Peter</creator><creator>Pieringer, Herwig</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD</title><author>Biesenbach, Georg ; Bodlaj, Gert ; Ebner, Stephan ; Biesenbach, Peter ; Pieringer, Herwig</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-da9c777f509f8e05cdcae2f031d5e3ccbf9cba2c7717fc7cc2719ad30d4f2ffc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>C-Peptide - blood</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetic Nephropathies - complications</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoglycemia - blood</topic><topic>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Insulin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrology</topic><topic>Nephrology – Original Paper</topic><topic>Renal Dialysis</topic><topic>Sulfonylurea Compounds - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Urology</topic><topic>Vascular Diseases - etiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Biesenbach, Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodlaj, Gert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebner, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biesenbach, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieringer, Herwig</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International urology and nephrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Biesenbach, Georg</au><au>Bodlaj, Gert</au><au>Ebner, Stephan</au><au>Biesenbach, Peter</au><au>Pieringer, Herwig</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD</atitle><jtitle>International urology and nephrology</jtitle><stitle>Int Urol Nephrol</stitle><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1155</spage><epage>1160</epage><pages>1155-1160</pages><issn>0301-1623</issn><eissn>1573-2584</eissn><coden>IURNAE</coden><abstract>Introduction
Uremic type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis need various types of antidiabetic therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy or insulin substitution or diet therapy alone during their first year of hemodialysis.
Patients and methods
Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients who had started hemodialysis (HD) at our dialysis center between 2003 and 2007 were included in the study. Kidney-transplanted patients (
n
= 1) and those with chronic infectious or malignant diseases (
n
= 4) were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to their antidiabetic therapy: group 1 consisted of patients on oral antidiabetic drug therapy (
n
= 12), group 2 of those on insulin therapy (
n
= 42), and group 3 of those being treated with diet alone (
n
= 10). At the start of HD and 12 months later, we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia (
n
/patient/month), cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, and insulin requirements in the insulin-treated group. C-peptide was only measured at the start of dialysis. We evaluated changes in antidiabetic therapy during the first year on dialysis, and the prevalence of vascular disease in each group at the start of HD.
Results
FPG and HbA1c values were similar in all groups at the start of HD and after 1 year. Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in insulin-treated patients; however, the difference was not significant. Cholesterol levels were similar in all groups, whereas triglycerides were significantly lower in insulin-treated patients (138 ± 28 vs. 176 ± 46 mg/dl;
P
< 0.05). Body weight was similar in all groups. No significant change in body weight was observed in any group after 12 months on dialysis. At the start of HD, C-peptide levels were lower in insulin-treated patients than in the other groups (1.8 ± 0.9 ng/ml vs. 2.2 ± 1.1 and 2.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml;
P
< 0.05). During the first 12 months on HD, two patients from group 1 were shifted to group 3 (diet alone), while four patients could reduce their drug dosage (33%). However, two subjects became insulin-dependent. In group 2, insulin therapy could be terminated in two cases, while the insulin dose could be reduced in 20 patients (48%). In group 3, one patient was switched to oral antidiabetic therapy. The prevalence of vascular disease was slightly higher in group 3 (NS).
Conclusion
Within 1 year after the start of HD, the dose of sulfonylurea as well as insulin could be reduced in a large majority of patients. Metabolic control was similar in all groups. Only triglycerides were significantly lower in group 2. The frequency of hypoglycemia and the prevalence of vascular disease were just slightly higher in the group on insulin therapy.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>20640938</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11255-010-9804-x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International urology and nephrology, 2011-12, Vol.43 (4), p.1155-1160 |
| issn | 0301-1623 1573-2584 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aged Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Weight C-Peptide - blood Cholesterol - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetic Nephropathies - complications Female Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Humans Hypoglycemia - blood Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use Insulin - therapeutic use Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Nephrology Nephrology – Original Paper Renal Dialysis Sulfonylurea Compounds - therapeutic use Triglycerides - blood Urology Vascular Diseases - etiology |
| title | Metabolic control and vascular diseases under oral antidiabetic drug versus insulin therapy and/or diet alone during the first year of hemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with ESRD |
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