Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene

Aggregates play a major role in the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta (rhIFNβ), a protein used to treat multiple sclerosis. A possible cause of aggregation is interaction between therapeutic protein and surfaces encountered during processing, storage, and administration. Moreover,...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2012-01, Vol.101 (1), p.187-199
Hauptverfasser: Van Beers, Miranda M.C., Gilli, Francesca, Schellekens, Huub, Randolph, Theodore W., Jiskoot, Wim
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 199
container_issue 1
container_start_page 187
container_title Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
container_volume 101
creator Van Beers, Miranda M.C.
Gilli, Francesca
Schellekens, Huub
Randolph, Theodore W.
Jiskoot, Wim
description Aggregates play a major role in the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta (rhIFNβ), a protein used to treat multiple sclerosis. A possible cause of aggregation is interaction between therapeutic protein and surfaces encountered during processing, storage, and administration. Moreover, proteins may adsorb to particles shed from these surfaces. In this work, we studied the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta-1a (rhIFNβ-1a) interacting with glass microparticles, stainless steel microparticles, and polystyrene nanoparticles. At physiological pH, rhIFNβ-1a readily adsorbed to the particles, while the degree of adsorption was influenced by the ionic strength of the phosphate buffer. Front-face fluorescence showed that the tertiary structure of rhIFNβ-1a slightly changed upon adsorption to glass. The interaction with stainless steel microparticles resulted in increased levels of aggregates in the free protein fraction. Furthermore, protein adsorbed to stainless steel microparticles was more difficult to desorb than protein adsorbed to glass. Incubation with stainless steel considerably enhanced the immunogenicity of rhIFNβ-1a in transgenic mice immune tolerant for human interferon beta. The protein fraction adsorbed on stainless steel particles was responsible for this. In conclusion, rhIFNβ-1a adsorbs to common hydrophilic surface materials, possibly increasing the immunogenicity of the protein. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jps.22744
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_905964414</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0022354915317652</els_id><sourcerecordid>3278519441</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4974-31504cdfa39d417545a8e79db96f4b96cc1cb9e43aa3bfb3b2ad7224cf88e4cf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90V1v0zAUBuAIgVgZXPAHUCSEAGnZ_BknlzCxrmiFioG4tBznZLgkdrEdRv89LumGhIAbW5afc47sN8seY3SMESIn6004JkQwdiebYU5QUSIs7mazdEcKyll9kD0IYY0QKhHn97MDgmtc1RWdZW4xDKN1V2CNNnGbuy7_ANoNjbHKxvx8HJTNFzaC78A7m7-GqKaz0tHYq_zaxC_5SvlodA9hVz_vVQhH-TLJ_ihXts1Xrt-GuPVg4WF2r1N9gEf7_TD7dPbm4-l5cfF-vjh9dVFoVgtWUMwR022naN0yLDjjqgJRt01ddiwtWmPd1MCoUrTpGtoQ1QpCmO6qCtJKD7PnU9-Nd99GCFEOJmjoe2XBjUHWiNclY5gl-eK_Eqe_rAUtCUr06R907UZv0zsk5ljQqsKIJPVyUtq7EDx0cuPNoPw2tZK7vGTKS_7KK9kn-45jM0B7K28CSuDZHqigVd95ZbUJvx3niAu0a3QyuWvTw_bfE-Xb1eXN6GKqMCHCj9sK5b_KUlDB5ed3czlf4jM-F5dymTydPKTYvhvwMmgDVkNrPOgoW2f-8sCf4oXM1w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1517388102</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Van Beers, Miranda M.C. ; Gilli, Francesca ; Schellekens, Huub ; Randolph, Theodore W. ; Jiskoot, Wim</creator><creatorcontrib>Van Beers, Miranda M.C. ; Gilli, Francesca ; Schellekens, Huub ; Randolph, Theodore W. ; Jiskoot, Wim</creatorcontrib><description>Aggregates play a major role in the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta (rhIFNβ), a protein used to treat multiple sclerosis. A possible cause of aggregation is interaction between therapeutic protein and surfaces encountered during processing, storage, and administration. Moreover, proteins may adsorb to particles shed from these surfaces. In this work, we studied the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta-1a (rhIFNβ-1a) interacting with glass microparticles, stainless steel microparticles, and polystyrene nanoparticles. At physiological pH, rhIFNβ-1a readily adsorbed to the particles, while the degree of adsorption was influenced by the ionic strength of the phosphate buffer. Front-face fluorescence showed that the tertiary structure of rhIFNβ-1a slightly changed upon adsorption to glass. The interaction with stainless steel microparticles resulted in increased levels of aggregates in the free protein fraction. Furthermore, protein adsorbed to stainless steel microparticles was more difficult to desorb than protein adsorbed to glass. Incubation with stainless steel considerably enhanced the immunogenicity of rhIFNβ-1a in transgenic mice immune tolerant for human interferon beta. The protein fraction adsorbed on stainless steel particles was responsible for this. In conclusion, rhIFNβ-1a adsorbs to common hydrophilic surface materials, possibly increasing the immunogenicity of the protein. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3549</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1520-6017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6017</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jps.22744</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21918983</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPMSAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; alpha -Interferon ; Animals ; beta -Interferon ; Biological and medical sciences ; Buffers ; Chromium ; Fluorescence ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; General pharmacology ; Glass - chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunogenicity ; Interferon ; Interferon beta-1a ; Interferon-beta - chemistry ; Interferon-beta - immunology ; Ionic strength ; Medical sciences ; Metals ; Metals - chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; microparticles ; Multiple sclerosis ; nanoparticles ; Nanoparticles - chemistry ; Osmolar Concentration ; pH effects ; Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Phosphate ; polystyrene ; Polystyrenes - chemistry ; protein aggregates ; Protein structure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; recombinant human interferon beta ; Recombinant Proteins - chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins - immunology ; stainless steel ; Surface Properties ; Tertiary structure ; Transgenic mice ; transgenics</subject><ispartof>Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012-01, Vol.101 (1), p.187-199</ispartof><rights>2012 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4974-31504cdfa39d417545a8e79db96f4b96cc1cb9e43aa3bfb3b2ad7224cf88e4cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4974-31504cdfa39d417545a8e79db96f4b96cc1cb9e43aa3bfb3b2ad7224cf88e4cf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjps.22744$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjps.22744$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,4021,27921,27922,27923,45572,45573</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=25505704$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21918983$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Van Beers, Miranda M.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilli, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schellekens, Huub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Randolph, Theodore W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiskoot, Wim</creatorcontrib><title>Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene</title><title>Journal of pharmaceutical sciences</title><addtitle>J. Pharm. Sci</addtitle><description>Aggregates play a major role in the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta (rhIFNβ), a protein used to treat multiple sclerosis. A possible cause of aggregation is interaction between therapeutic protein and surfaces encountered during processing, storage, and administration. Moreover, proteins may adsorb to particles shed from these surfaces. In this work, we studied the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta-1a (rhIFNβ-1a) interacting with glass microparticles, stainless steel microparticles, and polystyrene nanoparticles. At physiological pH, rhIFNβ-1a readily adsorbed to the particles, while the degree of adsorption was influenced by the ionic strength of the phosphate buffer. Front-face fluorescence showed that the tertiary structure of rhIFNβ-1a slightly changed upon adsorption to glass. The interaction with stainless steel microparticles resulted in increased levels of aggregates in the free protein fraction. Furthermore, protein adsorbed to stainless steel microparticles was more difficult to desorb than protein adsorbed to glass. Incubation with stainless steel considerably enhanced the immunogenicity of rhIFNβ-1a in transgenic mice immune tolerant for human interferon beta. The protein fraction adsorbed on stainless steel particles was responsible for this. In conclusion, rhIFNβ-1a adsorbs to common hydrophilic surface materials, possibly increasing the immunogenicity of the protein. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>alpha -Interferon</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>beta -Interferon</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>fluorescence spectroscopy</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Glass - chemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Immune Tolerance</subject><subject>Immunogenicity</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Interferon beta-1a</subject><subject>Interferon-beta - chemistry</subject><subject>Interferon-beta - immunology</subject><subject>Ionic strength</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals - chemistry</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mice, Transgenic</subject><subject>microparticles</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Phosphate</subject><subject>polystyrene</subject><subject>Polystyrenes - chemistry</subject><subject>protein aggregates</subject><subject>Protein structure</subject><subject>Protein Structure, Tertiary</subject><subject>recombinant human interferon beta</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - immunology</subject><subject>stainless steel</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Tertiary structure</subject><subject>Transgenic mice</subject><subject>transgenics</subject><issn>0022-3549</issn><issn>1520-6017</issn><issn>1520-6017</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90V1v0zAUBuAIgVgZXPAHUCSEAGnZ_BknlzCxrmiFioG4tBznZLgkdrEdRv89LumGhIAbW5afc47sN8seY3SMESIn6004JkQwdiebYU5QUSIs7mazdEcKyll9kD0IYY0QKhHn97MDgmtc1RWdZW4xDKN1V2CNNnGbuy7_ANoNjbHKxvx8HJTNFzaC78A7m7-GqKaz0tHYq_zaxC_5SvlodA9hVz_vVQhH-TLJ_ihXts1Xrt-GuPVg4WF2r1N9gEf7_TD7dPbm4-l5cfF-vjh9dVFoVgtWUMwR022naN0yLDjjqgJRt01ddiwtWmPd1MCoUrTpGtoQ1QpCmO6qCtJKD7PnU9-Nd99GCFEOJmjoe2XBjUHWiNclY5gl-eK_Eqe_rAUtCUr06R907UZv0zsk5ljQqsKIJPVyUtq7EDx0cuPNoPw2tZK7vGTKS_7KK9kn-45jM0B7K28CSuDZHqigVd95ZbUJvx3niAu0a3QyuWvTw_bfE-Xb1eXN6GKqMCHCj9sK5b_KUlDB5ed3czlf4jM-F5dymTydPKTYvhvwMmgDVkNrPOgoW2f-8sCf4oXM1w</recordid><startdate>201201</startdate><enddate>201201</enddate><creator>Van Beers, Miranda M.C.</creator><creator>Gilli, Francesca</creator><creator>Schellekens, Huub</creator><creator>Randolph, Theodore W.</creator><creator>Jiskoot, Wim</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><general>American Pharmaceutical Association</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201201</creationdate><title>Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene</title><author>Van Beers, Miranda M.C. ; Gilli, Francesca ; Schellekens, Huub ; Randolph, Theodore W. ; Jiskoot, Wim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4974-31504cdfa39d417545a8e79db96f4b96cc1cb9e43aa3bfb3b2ad7224cf88e4cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>alpha -Interferon</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>beta -Interferon</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Buffers</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>fluorescence spectroscopy</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Glass - chemistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Immune Tolerance</topic><topic>Immunogenicity</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Interferon beta-1a</topic><topic>Interferon-beta - chemistry</topic><topic>Interferon-beta - immunology</topic><topic>Ionic strength</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Metals - chemistry</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Mice, Transgenic</topic><topic>microparticles</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanoparticles - chemistry</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Phosphate</topic><topic>polystyrene</topic><topic>Polystyrenes - chemistry</topic><topic>protein aggregates</topic><topic>Protein structure</topic><topic>Protein Structure, Tertiary</topic><topic>recombinant human interferon beta</topic><topic>Recombinant Proteins - chemistry</topic><topic>Recombinant Proteins - immunology</topic><topic>stainless steel</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Tertiary structure</topic><topic>Transgenic mice</topic><topic>transgenics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Van Beers, Miranda M.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilli, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schellekens, Huub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Randolph, Theodore W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiskoot, Wim</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of pharmaceutical sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Van Beers, Miranda M.C.</au><au>Gilli, Francesca</au><au>Schellekens, Huub</au><au>Randolph, Theodore W.</au><au>Jiskoot, Wim</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene</atitle><jtitle>Journal of pharmaceutical sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J. Pharm. Sci</addtitle><date>2012-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>187</spage><epage>199</epage><pages>187-199</pages><issn>0022-3549</issn><issn>1520-6017</issn><eissn>1520-6017</eissn><coden>JPMSAE</coden><abstract>Aggregates play a major role in the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta (rhIFNβ), a protein used to treat multiple sclerosis. A possible cause of aggregation is interaction between therapeutic protein and surfaces encountered during processing, storage, and administration. Moreover, proteins may adsorb to particles shed from these surfaces. In this work, we studied the immunogenicity of recombinant human interferon beta-1a (rhIFNβ-1a) interacting with glass microparticles, stainless steel microparticles, and polystyrene nanoparticles. At physiological pH, rhIFNβ-1a readily adsorbed to the particles, while the degree of adsorption was influenced by the ionic strength of the phosphate buffer. Front-face fluorescence showed that the tertiary structure of rhIFNβ-1a slightly changed upon adsorption to glass. The interaction with stainless steel microparticles resulted in increased levels of aggregates in the free protein fraction. Furthermore, protein adsorbed to stainless steel microparticles was more difficult to desorb than protein adsorbed to glass. Incubation with stainless steel considerably enhanced the immunogenicity of rhIFNβ-1a in transgenic mice immune tolerant for human interferon beta. The protein fraction adsorbed on stainless steel particles was responsible for this. In conclusion, rhIFNβ-1a adsorbs to common hydrophilic surface materials, possibly increasing the immunogenicity of the protein. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21918983</pmid><doi>10.1002/jps.22744</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0022-3549
ispartof Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012-01, Vol.101 (1), p.187-199
issn 0022-3549
1520-6017
1520-6017
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_905964414
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Adsorption
alpha -Interferon
Animals
beta -Interferon
Biological and medical sciences
Buffers
Chromium
Fluorescence
fluorescence spectroscopy
General pharmacology
Glass - chemistry
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Immune Tolerance
Immunogenicity
Interferon
Interferon beta-1a
Interferon-beta - chemistry
Interferon-beta - immunology
Ionic strength
Medical sciences
Metals
Metals - chemistry
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Transgenic
microparticles
Multiple sclerosis
nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Osmolar Concentration
pH effects
Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Phosphate
polystyrene
Polystyrenes - chemistry
protein aggregates
Protein structure
Protein Structure, Tertiary
recombinant human interferon beta
Recombinant Proteins - chemistry
Recombinant Proteins - immunology
stainless steel
Surface Properties
Tertiary structure
Transgenic mice
transgenics
title Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Interferon Beta Interacting with Particles of Glass, Metal, and Polystyrene
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T17%3A39%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity%20of%20Recombinant%20Human%20Interferon%20Beta%20Interacting%20with%20Particles%20of%20Glass,%20Metal,%20and%20Polystyrene&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20pharmaceutical%20sciences&rft.au=Van%20Beers,%20Miranda%20M.C.&rft.date=2012-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=187&rft.epage=199&rft.pages=187-199&rft.issn=0022-3549&rft.eissn=1520-6017&rft.coden=JPMSAE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/jps.22744&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3278519441%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1517388102&rft_id=info:pmid/21918983&rft_els_id=S0022354915317652&rfr_iscdi=true