Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the developmental risk pathway to depression by 16 years in offspring of postnatally depressed mothers. Method This was a prospective longitudinal study of offspring of postnatally depressed and nondepressed mothers; child and family assessments were...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2011-05, Vol.50 (5), p.460-470 |
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| creator | Murray, Lynne, Ph.D Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil Goodyer, Ian, M.D Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych |
| description | Objective The aim of this study was to determine the developmental risk pathway to depression by 16 years in offspring of postnatally depressed mothers. Method This was a prospective longitudinal study of offspring of postnatally depressed and nondepressed mothers; child and family assessments were made from infancy to 16 years. A total of 702 mothers were screened, and probable cases interviewed. In all, 58 depressed mothers (95% of identified cases) and 42 nondepressed controls were recruited. A total of 93% were assessed through to 16-year follow-up. The main study outcome was offspring lifetime clinical depression (major depression episode and dysthymia) by 16 years, assessed via interview at 8, 13, and 16 years. It was analysed in relation to postnatal depression, repeated measures of child vulnerability (insecure infant attachment and lower childhood resilience), and family adversity. Results Children of index mothers were more likely than controls to experience depression by 16 years (41.5% versus 12.5%; odds ratio = 4.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.68–14.70). Lower childhood resilience predicted adolescent depression, and insecure infant attachment influenced adolescent depression via lower resilience (model R2 = 31%). Family adversity added further to offspring risk (expanded model R2 = 43%). Conclusions Offspring of postnatally depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression by 16 years of age. This may be partially explained by within child vulnerability established in infancy and the early years, and by exposure to family adversity. Routine screening for postnatal depression, and parenting support for postnatally depressed mothers, might reduce offspring developmental risks for clinical depression in childhood and adolescence. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.001 |
| format | Article |
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Method This was a prospective longitudinal study of offspring of postnatally depressed and nondepressed mothers; child and family assessments were made from infancy to 16 years. A total of 702 mothers were screened, and probable cases interviewed. In all, 58 depressed mothers (95% of identified cases) and 42 nondepressed controls were recruited. A total of 93% were assessed through to 16-year follow-up. The main study outcome was offspring lifetime clinical depression (major depression episode and dysthymia) by 16 years, assessed via interview at 8, 13, and 16 years. It was analysed in relation to postnatal depression, repeated measures of child vulnerability (insecure infant attachment and lower childhood resilience), and family adversity. Results Children of index mothers were more likely than controls to experience depression by 16 years (41.5% versus 12.5%; odds ratio = 4.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.68–14.70). Lower childhood resilience predicted adolescent depression, and insecure infant attachment influenced adolescent depression via lower resilience (model R2 = 31%). Family adversity added further to offspring risk (expanded model R2 = 43%). Conclusions Offspring of postnatally depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression by 16 years of age. This may be partially explained by within child vulnerability established in infancy and the early years, and by exposure to family adversity. Routine screening for postnatal depression, and parenting support for postnatally depressed mothers, might reduce offspring developmental risks for clinical depression in childhood and adolescence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0890-8567</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1527-5418</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21515195</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAAPEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; adolescent depression ; Adolescents ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Adversity ; At Risk Persons ; attachment ; Attachment Behavior ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child clinical studies ; Child Development ; Child Health ; Child of Impaired Parents - psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Comparative Analysis ; Depression ; Depression (Psychology) ; Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis ; Depression, Postpartum - psychology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology ; Dysthymic Disorder - diagnosis ; Dysthymic Disorder - psychology ; Family (Sociological Unit) ; Family Conflict - psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infants ; Interview, Psychological ; Interviews ; Life Change Events ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Maternal & child health ; maternal depression ; Medical sciences ; Mental depression ; Mood disorders ; Mothers ; Object Attachment ; Parent Influence ; Pediatrics ; Postpartum period ; Prospective Studies ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Resilience ; Resilience (Psychology) ; Resilience, Psychological ; Risk Factors ; Social Support ; Young Children</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011-05, Vol.50 (5), p.460-470</ispartof><rights>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</rights><rights>2011 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins May 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-3b67a6fd1495efd20ff36829bc16a46ce89ce907eaba5790d6ac31d5c76710a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-3b67a6fd1495efd20ff36829bc16a46ce89ce907eaba5790d6ac31d5c76710a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856711000979$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,30976,30977,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ944454$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24141901$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21515195$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Murray, Lynne, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodyer, Ian, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych</creatorcontrib><title>Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age</title><title>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Objective The aim of this study was to determine the developmental risk pathway to depression by 16 years in offspring of postnatally depressed mothers. Method This was a prospective longitudinal study of offspring of postnatally depressed and nondepressed mothers; child and family assessments were made from infancy to 16 years. A total of 702 mothers were screened, and probable cases interviewed. In all, 58 depressed mothers (95% of identified cases) and 42 nondepressed controls were recruited. A total of 93% were assessed through to 16-year follow-up. The main study outcome was offspring lifetime clinical depression (major depression episode and dysthymia) by 16 years, assessed via interview at 8, 13, and 16 years. It was analysed in relation to postnatal depression, repeated measures of child vulnerability (insecure infant attachment and lower childhood resilience), and family adversity. Results Children of index mothers were more likely than controls to experience depression by 16 years (41.5% versus 12.5%; odds ratio = 4.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.68–14.70). Lower childhood resilience predicted adolescent depression, and insecure infant attachment influenced adolescent depression via lower resilience (model R2 = 31%). Family adversity added further to offspring risk (expanded model R2 = 43%). Conclusions Offspring of postnatally depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression by 16 years of age. This may be partially explained by within child vulnerability established in infancy and the early years, and by exposure to family adversity. Routine screening for postnatal depression, and parenting support for postnatally depressed mothers, might reduce offspring developmental risks for clinical depression in childhood and adolescence.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>adolescent depression</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Adversity</subject><subject>At Risk Persons</subject><subject>attachment</subject><subject>Attachment Behavior</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child clinical studies</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Child Health</subject><subject>Child of Impaired Parents - psychology</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Comparative Analysis</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depression (Psychology)</subject><subject>Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depression, Postpartum - psychology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</subject><subject>Dysthymic Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dysthymic Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Family (Sociological Unit)</subject><subject>Family Conflict - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Interview, Psychological</subject><subject>Interviews</subject><subject>Life Change Events</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass Screening</subject><subject>Maternal & child health</subject><subject>maternal depression</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Object Attachment</subject><subject>Parent Influence</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Postpartum period</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Resilience</subject><subject>Resilience (Psychology)</subject><subject>Resilience, Psychological</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Social Support</subject><subject>Young Children</subject><issn>0890-8567</issn><issn>1527-5418</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkt9r1TAUx4so7jr9B0SkCKIvrTlpkiYwhDHnLyYTnA8-hTQ9nam9aU16B_vvTb3Xq-xhkoeEnM_58uV8T5Y9BlICAfGqL3tjbEkJQEloSQjcyVbAaV1wBvJutiJSkUJyUR9kD2LsSSJqKe9nBxR4OoqvsuaTmTF4M-Sfxzh7M6fXG5wCxuhGnxvf5vN3TF9XOIzTGv2cj92_hPP5edfFKTh_mX-d8nnMQeTf0IS4kMeX-DC715kh4qPdfZhdvD29OHlfnJ2_-3ByfFZYAWouqkbURnQtMMWxaynpukpIqhoLwjBhUSqLitRoGsNrRVphbAUtt7WogZjqMHuxlZ3C-HODcdZrFy0Og_E4bqJWhDHJqCL_JaWoEselTOTLW0kgFVGEU1El9NkNtB83y2AXvWSXCmAJolvIhjHGgJ1Oc1ubcJ2U9JKp7vWSqV4y1YTqlFhqerpT3jRrbPctf0JMwPMdYKI1QxeMty7-5RgwUL-Fnmw5DM7uy6cfFWOML-aOduUU0pXDoKN16C22LqCddTu6222-vtFuB-ddMvQDrzHupwE6pgb9ZVnOZTcB0l6qWlW_ANIB2vI</recordid><startdate>20110501</startdate><enddate>20110501</enddate><creator>Murray, Lynne, Ph.D</creator><creator>Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D</creator><creator>Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy</creator><creator>Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil</creator><creator>Goodyer, Ian, M.D</creator><creator>Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110501</creationdate><title>Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age</title><author>Murray, Lynne, Ph.D ; Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D ; Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy ; Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil ; Goodyer, Ian, M.D ; Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-3b67a6fd1495efd20ff36829bc16a46ce89ce907eaba5790d6ac31d5c76710a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>adolescent depression</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Adversity</topic><topic>At Risk Persons</topic><topic>attachment</topic><topic>Attachment Behavior</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child clinical studies</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Child Health</topic><topic>Child of Impaired Parents - psychology</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Comparative Analysis</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depression (Psychology)</topic><topic>Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depression, Postpartum - psychology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</topic><topic>Dysthymic Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dysthymic Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Family (Sociological Unit)</topic><topic>Family Conflict - psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Interview, Psychological</topic><topic>Interviews</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass Screening</topic><topic>Maternal & child health</topic><topic>maternal depression</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Object Attachment</topic><topic>Parent Influence</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Postpartum period</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Resilience</topic><topic>Resilience (Psychology)</topic><topic>Resilience, Psychological</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Social Support</topic><topic>Young Children</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Murray, Lynne, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodyer, Ian, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Murray, Lynne, Ph.D</au><au>Arteche, Adriane, Ph.D</au><au>Fearon, Pasco, Ph.D., D.Clin.Psy</au><au>Halligan, Sarah, D.Phil</au><au>Goodyer, Ian, M.D</au><au>Cooper, Peter, D.Phil., D.Clin.Psych</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ944454</ericid><atitle>Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2011-05-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>460</spage><epage>470</epage><pages>460-470</pages><issn>0890-8567</issn><eissn>1527-5418</eissn><coden>JAAPEE</coden><abstract>Objective The aim of this study was to determine the developmental risk pathway to depression by 16 years in offspring of postnatally depressed mothers. Method This was a prospective longitudinal study of offspring of postnatally depressed and nondepressed mothers; child and family assessments were made from infancy to 16 years. A total of 702 mothers were screened, and probable cases interviewed. In all, 58 depressed mothers (95% of identified cases) and 42 nondepressed controls were recruited. A total of 93% were assessed through to 16-year follow-up. The main study outcome was offspring lifetime clinical depression (major depression episode and dysthymia) by 16 years, assessed via interview at 8, 13, and 16 years. It was analysed in relation to postnatal depression, repeated measures of child vulnerability (insecure infant attachment and lower childhood resilience), and family adversity. Results Children of index mothers were more likely than controls to experience depression by 16 years (41.5% versus 12.5%; odds ratio = 4.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.68–14.70). Lower childhood resilience predicted adolescent depression, and insecure infant attachment influenced adolescent depression via lower resilience (model R2 = 31%). Family adversity added further to offspring risk (expanded model R2 = 43%). Conclusions Offspring of postnatally depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression by 16 years of age. This may be partially explained by within child vulnerability established in infancy and the early years, and by exposure to family adversity. Routine screening for postnatal depression, and parenting support for postnatally depressed mothers, might reduce offspring developmental risks for clinical depression in childhood and adolescence.</abstract><cop>Maryland Heights, MO</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21515195</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.001</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011-05, Vol.50 (5), p.460-470 |
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| subjects | Adolescent adolescent depression Adolescents Adult and adolescent clinical studies Adversity At Risk Persons attachment Attachment Behavior Biological and medical sciences Child Child clinical studies Child Development Child Health Child of Impaired Parents - psychology Child, Preschool Children Comparative Analysis Depression Depression (Psychology) Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis Depression, Postpartum - psychology Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology Dysthymic Disorder - diagnosis Dysthymic Disorder - psychology Family (Sociological Unit) Family Conflict - psychology Female Humans Infant Infants Interview, Psychological Interviews Life Change Events Longitudinal Studies Male Mass Screening Maternal & child health maternal depression Medical sciences Mental depression Mood disorders Mothers Object Attachment Parent Influence Pediatrics Postpartum period Prospective Studies Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Resilience Resilience (Psychology) Resilience, Psychological Risk Factors Social Support Young Children |
| title | Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age |
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