The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model
Introduction In orthopaedic surgery, small bicortical circular bone defects are often produced as a result of internal fixation of fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in animal bone with a bicortical bone defect and how much residual strength...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2010-06, Vol.130 (6), p.797-802 |
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| description | Introduction
In orthopaedic surgery, small bicortical circular bone defects are often produced as a result of internal fixation of fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in animal bone with a bicortical bone defect and how much residual strength remains if the bicortical bone defect was occluded.
Method
Forty pig femurs were divided into four groups. Group 1 femurs were left intact. Group 2 femurs were given a 4 mm bicortical bone defect. Group 3 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with a 4.5 mm cortical screw. Group 4 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with plaster of paris. Measurements including the length of the bone, working length of the bone, mid-diaphyseal diameter and cortical thickness were recorded. All specimens were tested until failure under torsional loading. Peak torque at failure and angular deformation were recorded. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the sample groups, with a value of
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00402-010-1093-4 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_904471153</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>733517718</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-664829bb677372934873ce745a4e431b73ea4dd30b3bfc8c329067475811f9913</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUuL1UAQhRtRnOvoD3AjDS5cRau6KunupQzjAwbczKybpFO5N0Me1-5k4b83mlFBEFdFVX3nFMVR6iXCWwSw7zIAgykAoUDwVPAjdUAmLshj9VgdtllVOCjxQj3L-R4AjfPwVF0YIPaGzUHd3Z5ES9dJXPTcadbjqJs-zmnpYz3oNvXDoE_zILqVHZp0M0-i85JkOi4n3U-61uf-qDsZ16THuZXhuXrS1UOWFw_1Ut19uL69-lTcfPn4-er9TREZaCmqip3xTVNZS9Z4YmcpiuWyZmHCxpLU3LYEDTVddJGMh8qyLR1i5z3SpXqz-57T_HWVvISxz1GGoZ5kXnPwwGwRS_ovaYlKtBbdRr7-i7yf1zRtbwRjKvTOO1NuFO5UTHPOSbpwTv1Yp28BIfwIJ-zhBPjZewq8aV49OK_NKO1vxa80NsDsQN5W01HSn9P_dv0O4oeVwQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2261989825</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin ; Gilbody, Julian ; Jameson, Toby ; Miles, Anthony W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin ; Gilbody, Julian ; Jameson, Toby ; Miles, Anthony W.</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction
In orthopaedic surgery, small bicortical circular bone defects are often produced as a result of internal fixation of fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in animal bone with a bicortical bone defect and how much residual strength remains if the bicortical bone defect was occluded.
Method
Forty pig femurs were divided into four groups. Group 1 femurs were left intact. Group 2 femurs were given a 4 mm bicortical bone defect. Group 3 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with a 4.5 mm cortical screw. Group 4 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with plaster of paris. Measurements including the length of the bone, working length of the bone, mid-diaphyseal diameter and cortical thickness were recorded. All specimens were tested until failure under torsional loading. Peak torque at failure and angular deformation were recorded. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the sample groups, with a value of
P
< 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.
Results
When compared with Group 1, all of the other groups showed a reduction in peak torque at failure point. Only the difference in peak torque between Groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant (
P
= 0.007). Group 2 showed the most reduction with 23.11% reduction in peak torque and 38.19% reduction in total energy absorption. No significant difference was found comparing the bone length, bone diameter and the cortical thickness.
Conclusion
The presence of the defect remains the major contributing factor in long bone strength reduction. It has been shown that a 10% bicortical defect was sufficient to produce a reduction in peak torque and energy absorption under torsional loading. By occluding this defect using a screw or plaster of paris, an improvement in bone strength was achieved. These results may translate clinically to an increased vulnerability to functional loads immediately following screw removal and prior to the residual screw holes healing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0936-8051</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1434-3916</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00402-010-1093-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20349242</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Animals ; Basic Science ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Defects ; Femur - physiology ; Femur - surgery ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Models, Animal ; Orthopedics ; Swine ; Torque ; Torsion, Mechanical</subject><ispartof>Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2010-06, Vol.130 (6), p.797-802</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2010</rights><rights>Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery is a copyright of Springer, (2010). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-664829bb677372934873ce745a4e431b73ea4dd30b3bfc8c329067475811f9913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-664829bb677372934873ce745a4e431b73ea4dd30b3bfc8c329067475811f9913</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00402-010-1093-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00402-010-1093-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41466,42535,51296</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20349242$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilbody, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jameson, Toby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miles, Anthony W.</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model</title><title>Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery</title><addtitle>Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</addtitle><addtitle>Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</addtitle><description>Introduction
In orthopaedic surgery, small bicortical circular bone defects are often produced as a result of internal fixation of fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in animal bone with a bicortical bone defect and how much residual strength remains if the bicortical bone defect was occluded.
Method
Forty pig femurs were divided into four groups. Group 1 femurs were left intact. Group 2 femurs were given a 4 mm bicortical bone defect. Group 3 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with a 4.5 mm cortical screw. Group 4 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with plaster of paris. Measurements including the length of the bone, working length of the bone, mid-diaphyseal diameter and cortical thickness were recorded. All specimens were tested until failure under torsional loading. Peak torque at failure and angular deformation were recorded. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the sample groups, with a value of
P
< 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.
Results
When compared with Group 1, all of the other groups showed a reduction in peak torque at failure point. Only the difference in peak torque between Groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant (
P
= 0.007). Group 2 showed the most reduction with 23.11% reduction in peak torque and 38.19% reduction in total energy absorption. No significant difference was found comparing the bone length, bone diameter and the cortical thickness.
Conclusion
The presence of the defect remains the major contributing factor in long bone strength reduction. It has been shown that a 10% bicortical defect was sufficient to produce a reduction in peak torque and energy absorption under torsional loading. By occluding this defect using a screw or plaster of paris, an improvement in bone strength was achieved. These results may translate clinically to an increased vulnerability to functional loads immediately following screw removal and prior to the residual screw holes healing.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Basic Science</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Bone Screws</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>Femur - physiology</subject><subject>Femur - surgery</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Models, Animal</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Torque</subject><subject>Torsion, Mechanical</subject><issn>0936-8051</issn><issn>1434-3916</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUuL1UAQhRtRnOvoD3AjDS5cRau6KunupQzjAwbczKybpFO5N0Me1-5k4b83mlFBEFdFVX3nFMVR6iXCWwSw7zIAgykAoUDwVPAjdUAmLshj9VgdtllVOCjxQj3L-R4AjfPwVF0YIPaGzUHd3Z5ES9dJXPTcadbjqJs-zmnpYz3oNvXDoE_zILqVHZp0M0-i85JkOi4n3U-61uf-qDsZ16THuZXhuXrS1UOWFw_1Ut19uL69-lTcfPn4-er9TREZaCmqip3xTVNZS9Z4YmcpiuWyZmHCxpLU3LYEDTVddJGMh8qyLR1i5z3SpXqz-57T_HWVvISxz1GGoZ5kXnPwwGwRS_ovaYlKtBbdRr7-i7yf1zRtbwRjKvTOO1NuFO5UTHPOSbpwTv1Yp28BIfwIJ-zhBPjZewq8aV49OK_NKO1vxa80NsDsQN5W01HSn9P_dv0O4oeVwQ</recordid><startdate>20100601</startdate><enddate>20100601</enddate><creator>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin</creator><creator>Gilbody, Julian</creator><creator>Jameson, Toby</creator><creator>Miles, Anthony W.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QP</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100601</creationdate><title>The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model</title><author>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin ; Gilbody, Julian ; Jameson, Toby ; Miles, Anthony W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-664829bb677372934873ce745a4e431b73ea4dd30b3bfc8c329067475811f9913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Basic Science</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Bone Screws</topic><topic>Defects</topic><topic>Femur - physiology</topic><topic>Femur - surgery</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Models, Animal</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Torque</topic><topic>Torsion, Mechanical</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilbody, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jameson, Toby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miles, Anthony W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ho, Ki Wai Kevin</au><au>Gilbody, Julian</au><au>Jameson, Toby</au><au>Miles, Anthony W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model</atitle><jtitle>Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery</jtitle><stitle>Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</stitle><addtitle>Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</addtitle><date>2010-06-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>130</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>797</spage><epage>802</epage><pages>797-802</pages><issn>0936-8051</issn><eissn>1434-3916</eissn><abstract>Introduction
In orthopaedic surgery, small bicortical circular bone defects are often produced as a result of internal fixation of fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in animal bone with a bicortical bone defect and how much residual strength remains if the bicortical bone defect was occluded.
Method
Forty pig femurs were divided into four groups. Group 1 femurs were left intact. Group 2 femurs were given a 4 mm bicortical bone defect. Group 3 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with a 4.5 mm cortical screw. Group 4 were prepared as in Group 2, but occluded with plaster of paris. Measurements including the length of the bone, working length of the bone, mid-diaphyseal diameter and cortical thickness were recorded. All specimens were tested until failure under torsional loading. Peak torque at failure and angular deformation were recorded. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the sample groups, with a value of
P
< 0.05 considered to be statistically significant.
Results
When compared with Group 1, all of the other groups showed a reduction in peak torque at failure point. Only the difference in peak torque between Groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant (
P
= 0.007). Group 2 showed the most reduction with 23.11% reduction in peak torque and 38.19% reduction in total energy absorption. No significant difference was found comparing the bone length, bone diameter and the cortical thickness.
Conclusion
The presence of the defect remains the major contributing factor in long bone strength reduction. It has been shown that a 10% bicortical defect was sufficient to produce a reduction in peak torque and energy absorption under torsional loading. By occluding this defect using a screw or plaster of paris, an improvement in bone strength was achieved. These results may translate clinically to an increased vulnerability to functional loads immediately following screw removal and prior to the residual screw holes healing.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>20349242</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00402-010-1093-4</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Animals Basic Science Biomechanical Phenomena Bone Screws Defects Femur - physiology Femur - surgery Medicine Medicine & Public Health Models, Animal Orthopedics Swine Torque Torsion, Mechanical |
| title | The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model |
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