Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity
Background, aim, and scope Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue. In particular, domestic water is a necessary resource for our fundamental activities, and poor water quality may lead to damage to health caused by infectious diseases. However, there is no methodology to assess the damage...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The international journal of life cycle assessment 2011-01, Vol.16 (1), p.65-73 |
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| creator | Motoshita, Masaharu Itsubo, Norihiro Inaba, Atsushi |
| description | Background, aim, and scope
Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue. In particular, domestic water is a necessary resource for our fundamental activities, and poor water quality may lead to damage to health caused by infectious diseases. However, there is no methodology to assess the damage of domestic water scarcity (low accessibility to safe water) caused by water consumption. The main objectives of this study are to model the health damage assessment of infectious diseases (ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, and diarrhea) caused by domestic water scarcity and calculate damage factors on a country scale.
Materials and methods
The damage to health caused by infectious diseases was assumed to have resulted from domestic water scarcity due to loss of accessibility to safe water. Damage function of domestic water scarcity was composed of two steps, including assessments of water accessibility and health damage. This was modeled by applying regression analyses based on statistical data on a country scale. For more precise and realistic modeling, three explanatory variables (domestic use of fresh water, gross domestic product per capita and gross capital formation expenditure per capita) for water accessibility assessment and seven explanatory variables (the annual average temperature, the house connection to water supply, the house connection to sanitation, average dietary energy consumption, undernourished population rate, Gini coefficient of dietary energy consumption, and health expenditure per capita) for the health damage ssessment were chosen and non-linear multiple regression analyses were conducted.
Results
Water accessibility could be modeled by all three explanatory variables with sufficient explanatory power (
R
2
= 0.68). For the health damage assessment, significant explanatory variables were different from those for diseases, but the
R
2
values of the regression models for each infectious disease were calculated as more than 0.4. Furthermore, the house connection to water supply rate showed a high correlation with every infectious disease. This showed that domestic water scarcity is strongly linked to health damage caused by infectious diseases. Based on the results of the regression analyses, the calculated damage factors of domestic water scarcity ranged from 1.29E-11 to 1.81E-03 [Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/m
3
], and the average value (weighted mean value by domestic use of fresh water for each country) was 3.89E |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11367-010-0236-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_904469797</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>904469797</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-97092503482eb66eac89bf11992d62e23dbe43b21839319845d60cb13550c0713</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kMFq3DAQhkVIoJtNHiA3kUtPTmYkWbaOZZs2hUAu7VnI8jjrxba2krZl375atlAI9DJzmO8ffj7G7hAeEKB5TIhSNxUgVCCkrtoLtkKNqmpqEJdsBUa1lZTKfGDXKe0ABIKpV2z3mX7RFPYzLZmHgY_z3vnMhzJCTDwsvHezeyOeA9-Sm_KWd0c-LgP5PIZD4v2YyCVK3LtDov507cNMKY-e_3aZIk_eRT_m4w27GtyU6PbvXrMfX56-b56rl9ev3zafXiqvUObKNGBEDVK1gjqtyfnWdAOiMaLXgoTsO1KyE9hKI9G0qu41-A5lXYOHBuWafTz_3cfw81Ca2HlMnqbJLVQaWwNKadOYppD378hdOMSllLOtxAZQS1UgPEM-hpQiDXYfx9nFo0WwJ_f27N4W9_bkvmTXTJwzqbDLG8V_j_8f-gNlX4Y4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>831701634</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Motoshita, Masaharu ; Itsubo, Norihiro ; Inaba, Atsushi</creator><creatorcontrib>Motoshita, Masaharu ; Itsubo, Norihiro ; Inaba, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><description>Background, aim, and scope
Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue. In particular, domestic water is a necessary resource for our fundamental activities, and poor water quality may lead to damage to health caused by infectious diseases. However, there is no methodology to assess the damage of domestic water scarcity (low accessibility to safe water) caused by water consumption. The main objectives of this study are to model the health damage assessment of infectious diseases (ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, and diarrhea) caused by domestic water scarcity and calculate damage factors on a country scale.
Materials and methods
The damage to health caused by infectious diseases was assumed to have resulted from domestic water scarcity due to loss of accessibility to safe water. Damage function of domestic water scarcity was composed of two steps, including assessments of water accessibility and health damage. This was modeled by applying regression analyses based on statistical data on a country scale. For more precise and realistic modeling, three explanatory variables (domestic use of fresh water, gross domestic product per capita and gross capital formation expenditure per capita) for water accessibility assessment and seven explanatory variables (the annual average temperature, the house connection to water supply, the house connection to sanitation, average dietary energy consumption, undernourished population rate, Gini coefficient of dietary energy consumption, and health expenditure per capita) for the health damage ssessment were chosen and non-linear multiple regression analyses were conducted.
Results
Water accessibility could be modeled by all three explanatory variables with sufficient explanatory power (
R
2
= 0.68). For the health damage assessment, significant explanatory variables were different from those for diseases, but the
R
2
values of the regression models for each infectious disease were calculated as more than 0.4. Furthermore, the house connection to water supply rate showed a high correlation with every infectious disease. This showed that domestic water scarcity is strongly linked to health damage caused by infectious diseases. Based on the results of the regression analyses, the calculated damage factors of domestic water scarcity ranged from 1.29E-11 to 1.81E-03 [Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/m
3
], and the average value (weighted mean value by domestic use of fresh water for each country) was 3.89E-07 [DALYs/m
3
] and the standard deviation of damage factors was 1.40E-07 [DALYs/m
3
].
Discussion
According to the calculated damage factors for each country, countries sensitive to domestic water scarcity appeared to be located in the African region, and in addition, the amount of available domestic water tended to be less in the most sensitive countries. Water production technologies represented by desalination are expected to be a countermeasure for the reduction of water stress. As an example of the application of damage factor analysis, health damage improvement compared with the effects of CO
2
emission caused by the introduction of desalination plants showed that there were several countries where desalination was worth introducing after considering the advantages and disadvantages of the environmental impact.
Conclusions
Damage assessment models of domestic water scarcity were developed by applying non-linear multiple regression analysis. Damage factors could be calculated for most countries, except for those without statistical data for the analysis. Damage factors are applicable to not only the assessment of water consumption, but also the evaluation of benefits of water production in countries suffering from water scarcity.
Recommendations and perspectives
The analyses of this study were conducted by applying data on a country scale, and the regional and local characteristics within each country are expected to be taken into account in future studies. The water resource amount, which was represented by the amount of domestic use of fresh water in this study, should be estimated with consideration of the effects due to climate change.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0948-3349</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7502</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11367-010-0236-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Climate change ; Desalination plants ; Diarrhea ; Domestic water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Energy consumption ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Economics ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental impact ; Factor analysis ; Infectious diseases ; Life Cycle Impact Assessment ; Multiple regression analysis ; Product lifecycle management ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Statistical models ; Water consumption ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Water shortages ; Water stress ; Water supply</subject><ispartof>The international journal of life cycle assessment, 2011-01, Vol.16 (1), p.65-73</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2010</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-97092503482eb66eac89bf11992d62e23dbe43b21839319845d60cb13550c0713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-97092503482eb66eac89bf11992d62e23dbe43b21839319845d60cb13550c0713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11367-010-0236-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-010-0236-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Motoshita, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itsubo, Norihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inaba, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><title>Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity</title><title>The international journal of life cycle assessment</title><addtitle>Int J Life Cycle Assess</addtitle><description>Background, aim, and scope
Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue. In particular, domestic water is a necessary resource for our fundamental activities, and poor water quality may lead to damage to health caused by infectious diseases. However, there is no methodology to assess the damage of domestic water scarcity (low accessibility to safe water) caused by water consumption. The main objectives of this study are to model the health damage assessment of infectious diseases (ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, and diarrhea) caused by domestic water scarcity and calculate damage factors on a country scale.
Materials and methods
The damage to health caused by infectious diseases was assumed to have resulted from domestic water scarcity due to loss of accessibility to safe water. Damage function of domestic water scarcity was composed of two steps, including assessments of water accessibility and health damage. This was modeled by applying regression analyses based on statistical data on a country scale. For more precise and realistic modeling, three explanatory variables (domestic use of fresh water, gross domestic product per capita and gross capital formation expenditure per capita) for water accessibility assessment and seven explanatory variables (the annual average temperature, the house connection to water supply, the house connection to sanitation, average dietary energy consumption, undernourished population rate, Gini coefficient of dietary energy consumption, and health expenditure per capita) for the health damage ssessment were chosen and non-linear multiple regression analyses were conducted.
Results
Water accessibility could be modeled by all three explanatory variables with sufficient explanatory power (
R
2
= 0.68). For the health damage assessment, significant explanatory variables were different from those for diseases, but the
R
2
values of the regression models for each infectious disease were calculated as more than 0.4. Furthermore, the house connection to water supply rate showed a high correlation with every infectious disease. This showed that domestic water scarcity is strongly linked to health damage caused by infectious diseases. Based on the results of the regression analyses, the calculated damage factors of domestic water scarcity ranged from 1.29E-11 to 1.81E-03 [Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/m
3
], and the average value (weighted mean value by domestic use of fresh water for each country) was 3.89E-07 [DALYs/m
3
] and the standard deviation of damage factors was 1.40E-07 [DALYs/m
3
].
Discussion
According to the calculated damage factors for each country, countries sensitive to domestic water scarcity appeared to be located in the African region, and in addition, the amount of available domestic water tended to be less in the most sensitive countries. Water production technologies represented by desalination are expected to be a countermeasure for the reduction of water stress. As an example of the application of damage factor analysis, health damage improvement compared with the effects of CO
2
emission caused by the introduction of desalination plants showed that there were several countries where desalination was worth introducing after considering the advantages and disadvantages of the environmental impact.
Conclusions
Damage assessment models of domestic water scarcity were developed by applying non-linear multiple regression analysis. Damage factors could be calculated for most countries, except for those without statistical data for the analysis. Damage factors are applicable to not only the assessment of water consumption, but also the evaluation of benefits of water production in countries suffering from water scarcity.
Recommendations and perspectives
The analyses of this study were conducted by applying data on a country scale, and the regional and local characteristics within each country are expected to be taken into account in future studies. The water resource amount, which was represented by the amount of domestic use of fresh water in this study, should be estimated with consideration of the effects due to climate change.</description><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Desalination plants</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Domestic water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Economics</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Life Cycle Impact Assessment</subject><subject>Multiple regression analysis</subject><subject>Product lifecycle management</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Sanitation</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>Water consumption</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water scarcity</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water stress</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><issn>0948-3349</issn><issn>1614-7502</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMFq3DAQhkVIoJtNHiA3kUtPTmYkWbaOZZs2hUAu7VnI8jjrxba2krZl375atlAI9DJzmO8ffj7G7hAeEKB5TIhSNxUgVCCkrtoLtkKNqmpqEJdsBUa1lZTKfGDXKe0ABIKpV2z3mX7RFPYzLZmHgY_z3vnMhzJCTDwsvHezeyOeA9-Sm_KWd0c-LgP5PIZD4v2YyCVK3LtDov507cNMKY-e_3aZIk_eRT_m4w27GtyU6PbvXrMfX56-b56rl9ev3zafXiqvUObKNGBEDVK1gjqtyfnWdAOiMaLXgoTsO1KyE9hKI9G0qu41-A5lXYOHBuWafTz_3cfw81Ca2HlMnqbJLVQaWwNKadOYppD378hdOMSllLOtxAZQS1UgPEM-hpQiDXYfx9nFo0WwJ_f27N4W9_bkvmTXTJwzqbDLG8V_j_8f-gNlX4Y4</recordid><startdate>20110101</startdate><enddate>20110101</enddate><creator>Motoshita, Masaharu</creator><creator>Itsubo, Norihiro</creator><creator>Inaba, Atsushi</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110101</creationdate><title>Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity</title><author>Motoshita, Masaharu ; Itsubo, Norihiro ; Inaba, Atsushi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-97092503482eb66eac89bf11992d62e23dbe43b21839319845d60cb13550c0713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide emissions</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Desalination plants</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Domestic water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Economics</topic><topic>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Life Cycle Impact Assessment</topic><topic>Multiple regression analysis</topic><topic>Product lifecycle management</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Sanitation</topic><topic>Statistical models</topic><topic>Water consumption</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><topic>Water scarcity</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Water stress</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Motoshita, Masaharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itsubo, Norihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inaba, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>The international journal of life cycle assessment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Motoshita, Masaharu</au><au>Itsubo, Norihiro</au><au>Inaba, Atsushi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity</atitle><jtitle>The international journal of life cycle assessment</jtitle><stitle>Int J Life Cycle Assess</stitle><date>2011-01-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>65</spage><epage>73</epage><pages>65-73</pages><issn>0948-3349</issn><eissn>1614-7502</eissn><abstract>Background, aim, and scope
Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue. In particular, domestic water is a necessary resource for our fundamental activities, and poor water quality may lead to damage to health caused by infectious diseases. However, there is no methodology to assess the damage of domestic water scarcity (low accessibility to safe water) caused by water consumption. The main objectives of this study are to model the health damage assessment of infectious diseases (ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, and diarrhea) caused by domestic water scarcity and calculate damage factors on a country scale.
Materials and methods
The damage to health caused by infectious diseases was assumed to have resulted from domestic water scarcity due to loss of accessibility to safe water. Damage function of domestic water scarcity was composed of two steps, including assessments of water accessibility and health damage. This was modeled by applying regression analyses based on statistical data on a country scale. For more precise and realistic modeling, three explanatory variables (domestic use of fresh water, gross domestic product per capita and gross capital formation expenditure per capita) for water accessibility assessment and seven explanatory variables (the annual average temperature, the house connection to water supply, the house connection to sanitation, average dietary energy consumption, undernourished population rate, Gini coefficient of dietary energy consumption, and health expenditure per capita) for the health damage ssessment were chosen and non-linear multiple regression analyses were conducted.
Results
Water accessibility could be modeled by all three explanatory variables with sufficient explanatory power (
R
2
= 0.68). For the health damage assessment, significant explanatory variables were different from those for diseases, but the
R
2
values of the regression models for each infectious disease were calculated as more than 0.4. Furthermore, the house connection to water supply rate showed a high correlation with every infectious disease. This showed that domestic water scarcity is strongly linked to health damage caused by infectious diseases. Based on the results of the regression analyses, the calculated damage factors of domestic water scarcity ranged from 1.29E-11 to 1.81E-03 [Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/m
3
], and the average value (weighted mean value by domestic use of fresh water for each country) was 3.89E-07 [DALYs/m
3
] and the standard deviation of damage factors was 1.40E-07 [DALYs/m
3
].
Discussion
According to the calculated damage factors for each country, countries sensitive to domestic water scarcity appeared to be located in the African region, and in addition, the amount of available domestic water tended to be less in the most sensitive countries. Water production technologies represented by desalination are expected to be a countermeasure for the reduction of water stress. As an example of the application of damage factor analysis, health damage improvement compared with the effects of CO
2
emission caused by the introduction of desalination plants showed that there were several countries where desalination was worth introducing after considering the advantages and disadvantages of the environmental impact.
Conclusions
Damage assessment models of domestic water scarcity were developed by applying non-linear multiple regression analysis. Damage factors could be calculated for most countries, except for those without statistical data for the analysis. Damage factors are applicable to not only the assessment of water consumption, but also the evaluation of benefits of water production in countries suffering from water scarcity.
Recommendations and perspectives
The analyses of this study were conducted by applying data on a country scale, and the regional and local characteristics within each country are expected to be taken into account in future studies. The water resource amount, which was represented by the amount of domestic use of fresh water in this study, should be estimated with consideration of the effects due to climate change.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s11367-010-0236-8</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The international journal of life cycle assessment, 2011-01, Vol.16 (1), p.65-73 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Climate change Desalination plants Diarrhea Domestic water Earth and Environmental Science Energy consumption Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental impact Factor analysis Infectious diseases Life Cycle Impact Assessment Multiple regression analysis Product lifecycle management Public health Sanitation Statistical models Water consumption Water quality Water resources Water scarcity Water shortages Water stress Water supply |
| title | Development of impact factors on damage to health by infectious diseases caused by domestic water scarcity |
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