The association between regional body composition and metabolic outcomes in athletes with spinal cord injury

Study design: Cross-sectional study comparing athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) and age and body mass index matched able-bodied controls (AB). Objective: To examine the impact of exercise training on the relation between whole body, regional and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and glucose t...

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Veröffentlicht in:Spinal cord 2008-03, Vol.46 (3), p.192-197
Hauptverfasser: Mojtahedi, M C, Valentine, R J, Arngrímsson, S A, Wilund, K R, Evans, E M
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container_title Spinal cord
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creator Mojtahedi, M C
Valentine, R J
Arngrímsson, S A
Wilund, K R
Evans, E M
description Study design: Cross-sectional study comparing athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) and age and body mass index matched able-bodied controls (AB). Objective: To examine the impact of exercise training on the relation between whole body, regional and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and glucose tolerance, insulin action and lipid profile. Setting: University Research Laboratory, USA. Methods: Fourteen college-aged athletes with SCI (seven men; duration of injury 16.5±5.7 years, level of injury T5-L5) and 17 sedentary AB (eight men) were assessed for body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined via 2-h oral glucose challenge; standard lipid profile was determined from fasting blood samples. Results: Although ISI was 30% higher in SCI, there were no significant differences between groups in glucose and insulin responses or in lipid measures. Adjusting for absolute and relative thigh IMAT area, fasting insulin (13.8±5.3  μ IU, 16.3±5.6  μ IU; P
doi_str_mv 10.1038/sj.sc.3102076
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Objective: To examine the impact of exercise training on the relation between whole body, regional and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and glucose tolerance, insulin action and lipid profile. Setting: University Research Laboratory, USA. Methods: Fourteen college-aged athletes with SCI (seven men; duration of injury 16.5±5.7 years, level of injury T5-L5) and 17 sedentary AB (eight men) were assessed for body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined via 2-h oral glucose challenge; standard lipid profile was determined from fasting blood samples. Results: Although ISI was 30% higher in SCI, there were no significant differences between groups in glucose and insulin responses or in lipid measures. Adjusting for absolute and relative thigh IMAT area, fasting insulin (13.8±5.3  μ IU, 16.3±5.6  μ IU; P &lt;0.05; SCI vs AB respectively) and ISI (4.0±1.4, 3.1±1.3; P &lt;0.05) were significantly better among SCI athletes compared to AB. Measures of adiposity did not correlate with glucose response or most lipid measures. Within SCI and AB, respectively, ISI correlated strongly (all P &lt;0.05) with absolute ( r =−0.70, −0.54) and relative IMAT ( r =−0.54, −0.50), than with trunk ( r =−0.62, −0.64) and whole body fat mass ( r =−0.61, −0.64). Conclusion: Habitual physical activity can maintain insulin sensitivity in SCI compared to sedentary AB controls. Total body fat mass, central adiposity and thigh IMAT appear to impact risk for metabolic disease in SCI individuals with IMAT playing a larger role in SCI than AB.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-4393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3102076</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17502877</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SPCOFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue - metabolism ; Adult ; Anatomy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Body Composition - physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebrospinal fluid. Meninges. Spinal cord ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Glucose - metabolism ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents ; Insulin - metabolism ; Insulin Resistance - physiology ; Lipid Metabolism - physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Motor Activity - physiology ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurochemistry ; Neurology ; Neuropsychology ; Neurosciences ; original-article ; Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology ; Sports ; Traumas. 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Objective: To examine the impact of exercise training on the relation between whole body, regional and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and glucose tolerance, insulin action and lipid profile. Setting: University Research Laboratory, USA. Methods: Fourteen college-aged athletes with SCI (seven men; duration of injury 16.5±5.7 years, level of injury T5-L5) and 17 sedentary AB (eight men) were assessed for body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined via 2-h oral glucose challenge; standard lipid profile was determined from fasting blood samples. Results: Although ISI was 30% higher in SCI, there were no significant differences between groups in glucose and insulin responses or in lipid measures. Adjusting for absolute and relative thigh IMAT area, fasting insulin (13.8±5.3  μ IU, 16.3±5.6  μ IU; P &lt;0.05; SCI vs AB respectively) and ISI (4.0±1.4, 3.1±1.3; P &lt;0.05) were significantly better among SCI athletes compared to AB. Measures of adiposity did not correlate with glucose response or most lipid measures. Within SCI and AB, respectively, ISI correlated strongly (all P &lt;0.05) with absolute ( r =−0.70, −0.54) and relative IMAT ( r =−0.54, −0.50), than with trunk ( r =−0.62, −0.64) and whole body fat mass ( r =−0.61, −0.64). Conclusion: Habitual physical activity can maintain insulin sensitivity in SCI compared to sedentary AB controls. Total body fat mass, central adiposity and thigh IMAT appear to impact risk for metabolic disease in SCI individuals with IMAT playing a larger role in SCI than AB.</description><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue - metabolism</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cerebrospinal fluid. Meninges. Spinal cord</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents</subject><subject>Insulin - metabolism</subject><subject>Insulin Resistance - physiology</subject><subject>Lipid Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Motor Activity - physiology</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sports</subject><subject>Traumas. 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Objective: To examine the impact of exercise training on the relation between whole body, regional and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and glucose tolerance, insulin action and lipid profile. Setting: University Research Laboratory, USA. Methods: Fourteen college-aged athletes with SCI (seven men; duration of injury 16.5±5.7 years, level of injury T5-L5) and 17 sedentary AB (eight men) were assessed for body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined via 2-h oral glucose challenge; standard lipid profile was determined from fasting blood samples. Results: Although ISI was 30% higher in SCI, there were no significant differences between groups in glucose and insulin responses or in lipid measures. Adjusting for absolute and relative thigh IMAT area, fasting insulin (13.8±5.3  μ IU, 16.3±5.6  μ IU; P &lt;0.05; SCI vs AB respectively) and ISI (4.0±1.4, 3.1±1.3; P &lt;0.05) were significantly better among SCI athletes compared to AB. Measures of adiposity did not correlate with glucose response or most lipid measures. Within SCI and AB, respectively, ISI correlated strongly (all P &lt;0.05) with absolute ( r =−0.70, −0.54) and relative IMAT ( r =−0.54, −0.50), than with trunk ( r =−0.62, −0.64) and whole body fat mass ( r =−0.61, −0.64). Conclusion: Habitual physical activity can maintain insulin sensitivity in SCI compared to sedentary AB controls. Total body fat mass, central adiposity and thigh IMAT appear to impact risk for metabolic disease in SCI individuals with IMAT playing a larger role in SCI than AB.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>17502877</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.sc.3102076</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Absorptiometry, Photon
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Adult
Anatomy
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body Composition - physiology
Case-Control Studies
Cerebrospinal fluid. Meninges. Spinal cord
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Glucose - metabolism
Human Physiology
Humans
Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents
Insulin - metabolism
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Lipid Metabolism - physiology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical sciences
Motor Activity - physiology
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neuropsychology
Neurosciences
original-article
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
Sports
Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents
title The association between regional body composition and metabolic outcomes in athletes with spinal cord injury
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