Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond
Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form heterohexameric complex (MCM2–7) to serve as licensing factor for DNA replication to make sure that genomic DNA is replicated completely and accurately once during S phase in a single cell cycle. MCMs were initially identified in yeast for their role i...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant molecular biology 2011-12, Vol.77 (6), p.537-545 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 545 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 537 |
| container_title | Plant molecular biology |
| container_volume | 77 |
| creator | Tuteja, Narendra Tran, Ngoc Quang Dang, Hung Quang Tuteja, Renu |
| description | Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form heterohexameric complex (MCM2–7) to serve as licensing factor for DNA replication to make sure that genomic DNA is replicated completely and accurately once during S phase in a single cell cycle. MCMs were initially identified in yeast for their role in plasmid replication or cell cycle progression. Each of six MCM contains highly conserved sequence called “MCM box”, which contains two ATPase consensus Walker A and Walker B motifs. Studies on MCM proteins showed that (a) the replication origins are licensed by stable binding of MCM2–7 to form pre-RC (pre-replicative complex) during G1 phase of the cell cycle, (b) the activation of MCM proteins by CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) and DDKs (Dbf4-dependent kinases) and their helicase activity are important for pre-RC to initiate the DNA replication, and (c) the release of MCMs from chromatin renders the origins “unlicensed”. DNA replication licensing in plant is, in general, less characterized. The MCMs have been reported from Arabidopsis, maize, tobacco, pea and rice, where they are found to be highly expressed in dividing tissues such as shoot apex and root tips, localized in nucleus and cytosol and play important role in DNA replication, megagametophyte and embryo development. The identification of six MCM coding genes from pea and Arabidopsis suggest six distinct classes of MCM protein in higher plant, and the conserved function right across the eukaryotes. This overview of MCMs contains an emphasis on MCMs from plants and the novel role of MCM6 in abiotic stress tolerance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_904218995</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2511274521</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-31d7d5db09474ebc0a70ec7bec56287f1fa629d7fc74ad9a9bc6cd5635196cf23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kL1OwzAURi0EoqXwACzIYoHFcG0ndsxWlV-pBQaYI8d2UFCaFDsZ-va4SgEJCSYP93zH934IHVO4oADyMlBKgROglKiMC8J30JimkpMUWLaLxkCFJElC2QgdhPAOEFNc7KMRY8AzUHyMxHOtmw4vZgu88m3nqiZcYd_WDlcNvn6cYu9WdWV0V7UN1o3FhVu3jT1Ee6WugzvavhP0envzMrsn86e7h9l0TkwCvCOcWmlTW4BKZOIKA1qCM7JwJhUskyUttWDKytLIRFulVWGEsangKVXClIxP0Nngjct99C50-bIKxtVxadf2IVeQMJoplUby_F8ynp5lPAXYSE9_oe9t75t4R_RxBZLG5SeIDpDxbQjelfnKV0vt19G0kcl8aD-P7eeb9nMeMydbcV8snf1OfNUdATYAIY6aN-d_fv7b-gmHroyQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>903907140</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Tuteja, Narendra ; Tran, Ngoc Quang ; Dang, Hung Quang ; Tuteja, Renu</creator><creatorcontrib>Tuteja, Narendra ; Tran, Ngoc Quang ; Dang, Hung Quang ; Tuteja, Renu</creatorcontrib><description>Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form heterohexameric complex (MCM2–7) to serve as licensing factor for DNA replication to make sure that genomic DNA is replicated completely and accurately once during S phase in a single cell cycle. MCMs were initially identified in yeast for their role in plasmid replication or cell cycle progression. Each of six MCM contains highly conserved sequence called “MCM box”, which contains two ATPase consensus Walker A and Walker B motifs. Studies on MCM proteins showed that (a) the replication origins are licensed by stable binding of MCM2–7 to form pre-RC (pre-replicative complex) during G1 phase of the cell cycle, (b) the activation of MCM proteins by CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) and DDKs (Dbf4-dependent kinases) and their helicase activity are important for pre-RC to initiate the DNA replication, and (c) the release of MCMs from chromatin renders the origins “unlicensed”. DNA replication licensing in plant is, in general, less characterized. The MCMs have been reported from Arabidopsis, maize, tobacco, pea and rice, where they are found to be highly expressed in dividing tissues such as shoot apex and root tips, localized in nucleus and cytosol and play important role in DNA replication, megagametophyte and embryo development. The identification of six MCM coding genes from pea and Arabidopsis suggest six distinct classes of MCM protein in higher plant, and the conserved function right across the eukaryotes. This overview of MCMs contains an emphasis on MCMs from plants and the novel role of MCM6 in abiotic stress tolerance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-4412</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-5028</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22038093</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Adenosinetriphosphatase ; Arabidopsis ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cell cycle ; Cell Cycle - genetics ; Cell Cycle - physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism ; Chromatin ; Chromosomes ; Conserved sequence ; Cyclin-dependent kinase ; Cytosol ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Development ; DNA ; DNA biosynthesis ; DNA helicase ; DNA Replication - genetics ; DNA Replication - physiology ; Embryos ; Flowers & plants ; G1 phase ; genomics ; Licensing ; Life Sciences ; MCM protein ; Nuclei ; Oryza sativa ; Plant biology ; Plant Pathology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plant Sciences ; Plasmids ; Proteins ; Replication ; Replication origins ; Review ; Reviews ; Roots ; S phase ; Shoots ; Stress ; Tobacco ; Yeasts ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>Plant molecular biology, 2011-12, Vol.77 (6), p.537-545</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-31d7d5db09474ebc0a70ec7bec56287f1fa629d7fc74ad9a9bc6cd5635196cf23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-31d7d5db09474ebc0a70ec7bec56287f1fa629d7fc74ad9a9bc6cd5635196cf23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038093$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tuteja, Narendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Ngoc Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dang, Hung Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuteja, Renu</creatorcontrib><title>Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond</title><title>Plant molecular biology</title><addtitle>Plant Mol Biol</addtitle><addtitle>Plant Mol Biol</addtitle><description>Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form heterohexameric complex (MCM2–7) to serve as licensing factor for DNA replication to make sure that genomic DNA is replicated completely and accurately once during S phase in a single cell cycle. MCMs were initially identified in yeast for their role in plasmid replication or cell cycle progression. Each of six MCM contains highly conserved sequence called “MCM box”, which contains two ATPase consensus Walker A and Walker B motifs. Studies on MCM proteins showed that (a) the replication origins are licensed by stable binding of MCM2–7 to form pre-RC (pre-replicative complex) during G1 phase of the cell cycle, (b) the activation of MCM proteins by CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) and DDKs (Dbf4-dependent kinases) and their helicase activity are important for pre-RC to initiate the DNA replication, and (c) the release of MCMs from chromatin renders the origins “unlicensed”. DNA replication licensing in plant is, in general, less characterized. The MCMs have been reported from Arabidopsis, maize, tobacco, pea and rice, where they are found to be highly expressed in dividing tissues such as shoot apex and root tips, localized in nucleus and cytosol and play important role in DNA replication, megagametophyte and embryo development. The identification of six MCM coding genes from pea and Arabidopsis suggest six distinct classes of MCM protein in higher plant, and the conserved function right across the eukaryotes. This overview of MCMs contains an emphasis on MCMs from plants and the novel role of MCM6 in abiotic stress tolerance.</description><subject>Adenosinetriphosphatase</subject><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Cycle - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Cycle - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Chromatin</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Conserved sequence</subject><subject>Cyclin-dependent kinase</subject><subject>Cytosol</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Development</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA biosynthesis</subject><subject>DNA helicase</subject><subject>DNA Replication - genetics</subject><subject>DNA Replication - physiology</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>G1 phase</subject><subject>genomics</subject><subject>Licensing</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>MCM protein</subject><subject>Nuclei</subject><subject>Oryza sativa</subject><subject>Plant biology</subject><subject>Plant Pathology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Replication</subject><subject>Replication origins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Roots</subject><subject>S phase</subject><subject>Shoots</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>0167-4412</issn><issn>1573-5028</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kL1OwzAURi0EoqXwACzIYoHFcG0ndsxWlV-pBQaYI8d2UFCaFDsZ-va4SgEJCSYP93zH934IHVO4oADyMlBKgROglKiMC8J30JimkpMUWLaLxkCFJElC2QgdhPAOEFNc7KMRY8AzUHyMxHOtmw4vZgu88m3nqiZcYd_WDlcNvn6cYu9WdWV0V7UN1o3FhVu3jT1Ee6WugzvavhP0envzMrsn86e7h9l0TkwCvCOcWmlTW4BKZOIKA1qCM7JwJhUskyUttWDKytLIRFulVWGEsangKVXClIxP0Nngjct99C50-bIKxtVxadf2IVeQMJoplUby_F8ynp5lPAXYSE9_oe9t75t4R_RxBZLG5SeIDpDxbQjelfnKV0vt19G0kcl8aD-P7eeb9nMeMydbcV8snf1OfNUdATYAIY6aN-d_fv7b-gmHroyQ</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Tuteja, Narendra</creator><creator>Tran, Ngoc Quang</creator><creator>Dang, Hung Quang</creator><creator>Tuteja, Renu</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond</title><author>Tuteja, Narendra ; Tran, Ngoc Quang ; Dang, Hung Quang ; Tuteja, Renu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-31d7d5db09474ebc0a70ec7bec56287f1fa629d7fc74ad9a9bc6cd5635196cf23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adenosinetriphosphatase</topic><topic>Arabidopsis</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell Cycle - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Cycle - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Chromatin</topic><topic>Chromosomes</topic><topic>Conserved sequence</topic><topic>Cyclin-dependent kinase</topic><topic>Cytosol</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Development</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA biosynthesis</topic><topic>DNA helicase</topic><topic>DNA Replication - genetics</topic><topic>DNA Replication - physiology</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>G1 phase</topic><topic>genomics</topic><topic>Licensing</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>MCM protein</topic><topic>Nuclei</topic><topic>Oryza sativa</topic><topic>Plant biology</topic><topic>Plant Pathology</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Replication</topic><topic>Replication origins</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Roots</topic><topic>S phase</topic><topic>Shoots</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Yeasts</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tuteja, Narendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Ngoc Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dang, Hung Quang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuteja, Renu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Plant molecular biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tuteja, Narendra</au><au>Tran, Ngoc Quang</au><au>Dang, Hung Quang</au><au>Tuteja, Renu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond</atitle><jtitle>Plant molecular biology</jtitle><stitle>Plant Mol Biol</stitle><addtitle>Plant Mol Biol</addtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>537</spage><epage>545</epage><pages>537-545</pages><issn>0167-4412</issn><eissn>1573-5028</eissn><abstract>Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form heterohexameric complex (MCM2–7) to serve as licensing factor for DNA replication to make sure that genomic DNA is replicated completely and accurately once during S phase in a single cell cycle. MCMs were initially identified in yeast for their role in plasmid replication or cell cycle progression. Each of six MCM contains highly conserved sequence called “MCM box”, which contains two ATPase consensus Walker A and Walker B motifs. Studies on MCM proteins showed that (a) the replication origins are licensed by stable binding of MCM2–7 to form pre-RC (pre-replicative complex) during G1 phase of the cell cycle, (b) the activation of MCM proteins by CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) and DDKs (Dbf4-dependent kinases) and their helicase activity are important for pre-RC to initiate the DNA replication, and (c) the release of MCMs from chromatin renders the origins “unlicensed”. DNA replication licensing in plant is, in general, less characterized. The MCMs have been reported from Arabidopsis, maize, tobacco, pea and rice, where they are found to be highly expressed in dividing tissues such as shoot apex and root tips, localized in nucleus and cytosol and play important role in DNA replication, megagametophyte and embryo development. The identification of six MCM coding genes from pea and Arabidopsis suggest six distinct classes of MCM protein in higher plant, and the conserved function right across the eukaryotes. This overview of MCMs contains an emphasis on MCMs from plants and the novel role of MCM6 in abiotic stress tolerance.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>22038093</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0167-4412 |
| ispartof | Plant molecular biology, 2011-12, Vol.77 (6), p.537-545 |
| issn | 0167-4412 1573-5028 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_904218995 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adenosinetriphosphatase Arabidopsis Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell cycle Cell Cycle - genetics Cell Cycle - physiology Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism Chromatin Chromosomes Conserved sequence Cyclin-dependent kinase Cytosol Deoxyribonucleic acid Development DNA DNA biosynthesis DNA helicase DNA Replication - genetics DNA Replication - physiology Embryos Flowers & plants G1 phase genomics Licensing Life Sciences MCM protein Nuclei Oryza sativa Plant biology Plant Pathology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant Sciences Plasmids Proteins Replication Replication origins Review Reviews Roots S phase Shoots Stress Tobacco Yeasts Zea mays |
| title | Plant MCM proteins: role in DNA replication and beyond |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T14%3A36%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plant%20MCM%20proteins:%20role%20in%20DNA%20replication%20and%20beyond&rft.jtitle=Plant%20molecular%20biology&rft.au=Tuteja,%20Narendra&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=537&rft.epage=545&rft.pages=537-545&rft.issn=0167-4412&rft.eissn=1573-5028&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11103-011-9836-3&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2511274521%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=903907140&rft_id=info:pmid/22038093&rfr_iscdi=true |