Alkali-lithium modification on rare-earth-neodymium-doped barium strontium sodium niobate ceramics for dielectric and pyroelectric properties

The influence of alkali-Li + modification on rare-earth Nd 3+-doped BSNN tungsten bronze system and its effect on phase formation, dielectric and pyroelectric properties is reported. The structure of Ba 1.45Sr 2.4Nd 0.1Li x Na 2− x Nb 10O 30 ceramics is comprehensively studied in the range of x = 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. X-ray diffraction studies indicated single orthorhombic ( mm2) phase supported by tolerance factor and average electronegativity difference of BSNLNN compositions. The average particle size was maximum (406 Å) at Li 0.6. The dielectric properties are maximum ( ɛ RT = 649 and ε T c = 1254 ) at 1 kHz for Li 0.6. The values of T c for Li-modified and Nd-doped BSNN varied from 190 °C to 202 °C. The ρ max value in the order of 10 10 Ω cm which is three orders of magnitude larger when compared with the ρ RT. The value of ρ max is 1.05 × 10 10 Ω cm observed at x = 0.2 of BSNLNN ceramics.