Gizzard vs. teeth, it's a tie: food-processing efficiency in herbivorous birds and mammals and implications for dinosaur feeding strategies
Particle size reduction is a primary means of improving efficiency in herbivores. The mode of food particle size reduction is one of the main differences between herbivorous birds (gizzard) and mammals (teeth). For a quantitative comparison of the efficiency of food comminution, we investigated mean...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Paleobiology 2011-09, Vol.37 (4), p.577-586 |
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| creator | Fritz, Julia Kienzle, Ellen Hummel, Jürgen Wings, Oliver Streich, W. Jürgen Clauss, Marcus |
| description | Particle size reduction is a primary means of improving efficiency in herbivores. The mode of food particle size reduction is one of the main differences between herbivorous birds (gizzard) and mammals (teeth). For a quantitative comparison of the efficiency of food comminution, we investigated mean fecal particle sizes (MPS) in 14 herbivorous bird species and compared these with a data set of 111 non-ruminant herbivorous mammal species. In general MPS increased with body mass, but there was no significant difference between birds and mammals, suggesting a comparable efficiency of food processing by gizzards and chewing teeth. The results lead to the intriguing question of why gizzard systems have evolved comparatively rarely among amniote herbivores. Advantages linked to one of the two food comminution systems must, however, be sought in different effects other than size reduction itself. In paleoecological scenarios, the evolution of “dental batteries,” for example in ornithopod dinosaurs, should be considered an advantage compared to absence of mastication, but not compared to gizzard-based herbivory. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1666/10031.1 |
| format | Article |
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Jürgen ; Clauss, Marcus</creator><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Julia ; Kienzle, Ellen ; Hummel, Jürgen ; Wings, Oliver ; Streich, W. Jürgen ; Clauss, Marcus</creatorcontrib><description>Particle size reduction is a primary means of improving efficiency in herbivores. The mode of food particle size reduction is one of the main differences between herbivorous birds (gizzard) and mammals (teeth). For a quantitative comparison of the efficiency of food comminution, we investigated mean fecal particle sizes (MPS) in 14 herbivorous bird species and compared these with a data set of 111 non-ruminant herbivorous mammal species. In general MPS increased with body mass, but there was no significant difference between birds and mammals, suggesting a comparable efficiency of food processing by gizzards and chewing teeth. The results lead to the intriguing question of why gizzard systems have evolved comparatively rarely among amniote herbivores. Advantages linked to one of the two food comminution systems must, however, be sought in different effects other than size reduction itself. In paleoecological scenarios, the evolution of “dental batteries,” for example in ornithopod dinosaurs, should be considered an advantage compared to absence of mastication, but not compared to gizzard-based herbivory.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8373</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-5331</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1666/10031.1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PALBBM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: The Paleontological Society</publisher><subject>Amniota ; Animal digestion ; Animal physiology ; Archosauria ; Aves ; Birds ; Chordata ; Diapsida ; Dinosaurs ; Efficiency ; Evolution ; feeding ; Food ; Food processing ; Gastroliths ; Gizzard ; Herbivores ; herbivorous taxa ; Herbivory ; living taxa ; Mammalia ; Mammals ; Mastication ; modern analogs ; Paleobiology ; Paleoecology ; Paleontology ; Particle size ; Particle size classes ; Reptilia ; s ; Teeth ; Tetrapoda ; Vertebrata ; vertebrate</subject><ispartof>Paleobiology, 2011-09, Vol.37 (4), p.577-586</ispartof><rights>The Paleontological Society</rights><rights>Copyright © The Paleontological Society</rights><rights>GeoRef, Copyright 2020, American Geosciences Institute. 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Jürgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clauss, Marcus</creatorcontrib><title>Gizzard vs. teeth, it's a tie: food-processing efficiency in herbivorous birds and mammals and implications for dinosaur feeding strategies</title><title>Paleobiology</title><addtitle>Paleobiology</addtitle><description>Particle size reduction is a primary means of improving efficiency in herbivores. The mode of food particle size reduction is one of the main differences between herbivorous birds (gizzard) and mammals (teeth). For a quantitative comparison of the efficiency of food comminution, we investigated mean fecal particle sizes (MPS) in 14 herbivorous bird species and compared these with a data set of 111 non-ruminant herbivorous mammal species. In general MPS increased with body mass, but there was no significant difference between birds and mammals, suggesting a comparable efficiency of food processing by gizzards and chewing teeth. 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In general MPS increased with body mass, but there was no significant difference between birds and mammals, suggesting a comparable efficiency of food processing by gizzards and chewing teeth. The results lead to the intriguing question of why gizzard systems have evolved comparatively rarely among amniote herbivores. Advantages linked to one of the two food comminution systems must, however, be sought in different effects other than size reduction itself. In paleoecological scenarios, the evolution of “dental batteries,” for example in ornithopod dinosaurs, should be considered an advantage compared to absence of mastication, but not compared to gizzard-based herbivory.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>The Paleontological Society</pub><doi>10.1666/10031.1</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amniota Animal digestion Animal physiology Archosauria Aves Birds Chordata Diapsida Dinosaurs Efficiency Evolution feeding Food Food processing Gastroliths Gizzard Herbivores herbivorous taxa Herbivory living taxa Mammalia Mammals Mastication modern analogs Paleobiology Paleoecology Paleontology Particle size Particle size classes Reptilia s Teeth Tetrapoda Vertebrata vertebrate |
| title | Gizzard vs. teeth, it's a tie: food-processing efficiency in herbivorous birds and mammals and implications for dinosaur feeding strategies |
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