Nitrogen loss: an emerging issue for the ongoing evolution of New Zealand dairy farming systems
Here we present a case study of two New Zealand dairy farms located in the southern North Island (latitude 40°S) in which we review the evolution of the system over the past 30 years with particular focus on the relation between intensification and N loss to the environment. Over the period evaluate...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2010-11, Vol.88 (2), p.289-298 |
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description | Here we present a case study of two New Zealand dairy farms located in the southern North Island (latitude 40°S) in which we review the evolution of the system over the past 30 years with particular focus on the relation between intensification and N loss to the environment. Over the period evaluated the two case farms lifted per cow production by over 40% and approximately doubled per ha milk production, partly through identification of efficiencies in farm system design and partly through intensification by feed importation. Based on the production data, animal consumption (t DM ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and N loss to the environment (kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) were modelled for four scenarios representing the two case farms in the early 1980s and in the 2007/2008 production season. For one case farm, the system was modelled for two further scenarios before and after changes aimed at increasing feed conversion efficiency. Increase in N loss to the environment from dairy farm operations arising from intensification between the early 1980s and the 2007/2008 season were largely offset by a change in the system of farm dairy effluent disposal that reduced N loss. Comparing model output for system configurations with low (38%) and high (49%) feed conversion efficiency, production was 893 and 1,115 kg milk solids (MS) ha⁻¹, N loss to the environment was 19 and 20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and ‘environmental efficiency' was 21 and 18 kg N leached tonne⁻¹ MS produced, respectively. |
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J ; Baker, R. D</creator><creatorcontrib>Matthew, C ; Horne, D. J ; Baker, R. D</creatorcontrib><description>Here we present a case study of two New Zealand dairy farms located in the southern North Island (latitude 40°S) in which we review the evolution of the system over the past 30 years with particular focus on the relation between intensification and N loss to the environment. Over the period evaluated the two case farms lifted per cow production by over 40% and approximately doubled per ha milk production, partly through identification of efficiencies in farm system design and partly through intensification by feed importation. Based on the production data, animal consumption (t DM ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and N loss to the environment (kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) were modelled for four scenarios representing the two case farms in the early 1980s and in the 2007/2008 production season. For one case farm, the system was modelled for two further scenarios before and after changes aimed at increasing feed conversion efficiency. Increase in N loss to the environment from dairy farm operations arising from intensification between the early 1980s and the 2007/2008 season were largely offset by a change in the system of farm dairy effluent disposal that reduced N loss. Comparing model output for system configurations with low (38%) and high (49%) feed conversion efficiency, production was 893 and 1,115 kg milk solids (MS) ha⁻¹, N loss to the environment was 19 and 20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and ‘environmental efficiency' was 21 and 18 kg N leached tonne⁻¹ MS produced, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1385-1314</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0867</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10705-010-9358-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Agricultural wastes ; Agriculture ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; case studies ; Cattle production ; Conversion ; cow feeding ; dairy cows ; Dairy farming ; Dairy farms ; Efficiency ; Effluent disposal ; effluents ; Environmental assessment ; Evolution ; Farming systems ; Farms ; Feed conversion ; feed intake ; feeds ; Importation ; imports ; intensive livestock farming ; leaching ; Life Sciences ; Milk production ; milk yield ; Nitrogen ; nutrient management ; Plant growth ; Research Article ; simulation models ; Systems design ; temporal variation ; waste management</subject><ispartof>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2010-11, Vol.88 (2), p.289-298</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010</rights><rights>Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems is a copyright of Springer, (2010). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b2d3f266e90b033f4792711e9503aa7070276f47b28080962b00dc47e1fe2083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b2d3f266e90b033f4792711e9503aa7070276f47b28080962b00dc47e1fe2083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10705-010-9358-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10705-010-9358-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Matthew, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horne, D. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, R. D</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrogen loss: an emerging issue for the ongoing evolution of New Zealand dairy farming systems</title><title>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</title><addtitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</addtitle><description>Here we present a case study of two New Zealand dairy farms located in the southern North Island (latitude 40°S) in which we review the evolution of the system over the past 30 years with particular focus on the relation between intensification and N loss to the environment. Over the period evaluated the two case farms lifted per cow production by over 40% and approximately doubled per ha milk production, partly through identification of efficiencies in farm system design and partly through intensification by feed importation. Based on the production data, animal consumption (t DM ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and N loss to the environment (kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) were modelled for four scenarios representing the two case farms in the early 1980s and in the 2007/2008 production season. For one case farm, the system was modelled for two further scenarios before and after changes aimed at increasing feed conversion efficiency. Increase in N loss to the environment from dairy farm operations arising from intensification between the early 1980s and the 2007/2008 season were largely offset by a change in the system of farm dairy effluent disposal that reduced N loss. Comparing model output for system configurations with low (38%) and high (49%) feed conversion efficiency, production was 893 and 1,115 kg milk solids (MS) ha⁻¹, N loss to the environment was 19 and 20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and ‘environmental efficiency' was 21 and 18 kg N leached tonne⁻¹ MS produced, respectively.</description><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>case studies</subject><subject>Cattle production</subject><subject>Conversion</subject><subject>cow feeding</subject><subject>dairy cows</subject><subject>Dairy farming</subject><subject>Dairy farms</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Effluent disposal</subject><subject>effluents</subject><subject>Environmental assessment</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Farming systems</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Feed conversion</subject><subject>feed intake</subject><subject>feeds</subject><subject>Importation</subject><subject>imports</subject><subject>intensive livestock farming</subject><subject>leaching</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Milk production</subject><subject>milk yield</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>nutrient management</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>simulation models</subject><subject>Systems design</subject><subject>temporal variation</subject><subject>waste management</subject><issn>1385-1314</issn><issn>1573-0867</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AE8GPHiqTpK2SbyJ-AWLHtSLl5DdndQubbMmrbL_3iwVBA-eEobnHd55CDlmcM4A5EVkIKHIgEGmRaGyfIdMWCFFBqqUu-kvVJExwfJ9chDjClJGqHxCzGPdB19hRxsf4yW1HcUWQ1V3Fa1jHJA6H2j_jtR3ld9O8dM3Q1_7jnpHH_GLvqFtbLekS1uHDXU2tFssbmKPbTwke842EY9-3il5ub15ub7PZk93D9dXs2whJO-zOV8Kx8sSNcxBCJdLzSVjqAsQ1sp0G5dlms65AgW65HOA5SKXyBxyUGJKzsa16-A_Boy9aeu4wCYVQz9Eo4ELBUUSMiWnf8iVH0KXuhnOC624lBoSxUZqEZKWgM6sQ93asDEMzFa4GYWbJNxshZs8ZfiYiYntKgy_m_8LnYwhZ72xVaijeX3mwASw1FlzLb4BMGyK6g</recordid><startdate>20101101</startdate><enddate>20101101</enddate><creator>Matthew, C</creator><creator>Horne, D. 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J</au><au>Baker, R. D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrogen loss: an emerging issue for the ongoing evolution of New Zealand dairy farming systems</atitle><jtitle>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</jtitle><stitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</stitle><date>2010-11-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>289</spage><epage>298</epage><pages>289-298</pages><issn>1385-1314</issn><eissn>1573-0867</eissn><abstract>Here we present a case study of two New Zealand dairy farms located in the southern North Island (latitude 40°S) in which we review the evolution of the system over the past 30 years with particular focus on the relation between intensification and N loss to the environment. 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subjects | Agricultural wastes Agriculture Biomedical and Life Sciences case studies Cattle production Conversion cow feeding dairy cows Dairy farming Dairy farms Efficiency Effluent disposal effluents Environmental assessment Evolution Farming systems Farms Feed conversion feed intake feeds Importation imports intensive livestock farming leaching Life Sciences Milk production milk yield Nitrogen nutrient management Plant growth Research Article simulation models Systems design temporal variation waste management |
title | Nitrogen loss: an emerging issue for the ongoing evolution of New Zealand dairy farming systems |
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