Wind speed and wind-associated leaf injury affect severity of citrus canker on Swingle citrumelo

Citrus canker (caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri , Xcc ) can cause severe damage to citrus. It is endemic in Florida, and occurs in other citrus growing regions. The bacterium is dispersed predominantly in rain splash. To simulate dispersal in splash, and to investigate...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of plant pathology 2010-09, Vol.128 (1), p.21-38
Hauptverfasser: Bock, C. H., Graham, James H., Gottwald, Tim R., Cook, Amanda Z., Parker, Paul E.
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creator Bock, C. H.
Graham, James H.
Gottwald, Tim R.
Cook, Amanda Z.
Parker, Paul E.
description Citrus canker (caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri , Xcc ) can cause severe damage to citrus. It is endemic in Florida, and occurs in other citrus growing regions. The bacterium is dispersed predominantly in rain splash. To simulate dispersal in splash, and to investigate the effect of wind speed on infection, young plants of Swingle citrumelo were exposed to sprayed inoculum at different wind speeds. Wind was generated using an axial fan, and a pressurized sprayer delivered the inoculum spray. In the five experiments, higher wind speeds (>10 m s −1 ) consistently resulted in higher incidence and severity of citrus canker developing. By 15 ms −1 , there was a dramatic increase in disease. Visible injury to leaves of Swingle citrumelo due to wind was evident at wind speeds ≥ 13 m s −1 . The relationship between wind speed and disease, and wind speed and injury was described by a logistic model. More disease was associated with visible injury as the wind speed increased, and disease not associated with visible injury also increased with wind speed. The petiole-leaflet junction was more often infected at higher wind speeds (≥17 m s −1 ). The concentration of the Xcc inoculum increased the incidence and severity of citrus canker in all experiments. Reducing wind speed in citrus groves with the aid of wind breaks may contribute to a reduction in the severity of an epidemic by reducing dispersal and infection events.
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Reducing wind speed in citrus groves with the aid of wind breaks may contribute to a reduction in the severity of an epidemic by reducing dispersal and infection events.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10658-010-9624-y</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Agriculture
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Canker
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Dispersal
Ecology
Fruits
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Leaves
Life Sciences
Original Research
Pathogens
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Plant diseases
Plant Pathology
Plant Sciences
Sprays
Trees
Wind
Wind speed
Windbreaks
title Wind speed and wind-associated leaf injury affect severity of citrus canker on Swingle citrumelo
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