The Rabat and Larache boulder fields; new examples of high-energy deposits related to storms and tsunami waves in north-western Morocco
The coastal areas of south-west Iberia and north-west Morocco host numerous megaclast accumulations thought to have been emplaced by high-energy waves, namely by the major tsunami related to the 1 November 1755 AD earthquake. New observations were carried out along several transects from Rabat and L...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Natural hazards (Dordrecht) 2011-11, Vol.59 (2), p.725-747 |
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| creator | Medina, F. Mhammdi, N. Chiguer, A. Akil, M. Jaaidi, E. B. |
| description | The coastal areas of south-west Iberia and north-west Morocco host numerous megaclast accumulations thought to have been emplaced by high-energy waves, namely by the major tsunami related to the 1 November 1755 AD earthquake. New observations were carried out along several transects from Rabat and Larache areas, using statistical methods applied to boulder size. The main results are (a) the boulders belong to two or three sources located within the Pleistocene–Holocene formations of both areas, but only from a single source at Harhoura; (b) the boulders in Larache are generally small, thin and show a normal polarity, whereas those of Rabat are much larger and are often overturned; (c) the directions of inclination of imbricate boulders are variable at Rabat (N, NW and W), whereas they are constant in Larache (WNW); (d) the blocks were displaced for distances up to 150 m in Rabat, while the displacement of the Larache boulders was stopped by the MHW cliff; (e) the hydrodynamic equations suggest that tsunami waves, with maximum amplitudes of 5–11 m in Rabat and 4.5 m in Larache, were responsible for the displacement of the largest boulders, whereas storms may have displaced smaller ones. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11069-011-9792-x |
| format | Article |
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The main results are (a) the boulders belong to two or three sources located within the Pleistocene–Holocene formations of both areas, but only from a single source at Harhoura; (b) the boulders in Larache are generally small, thin and show a normal polarity, whereas those of Rabat are much larger and are often overturned; (c) the directions of inclination of imbricate boulders are variable at Rabat (N, NW and W), whereas they are constant in Larache (WNW); (d) the blocks were displaced for distances up to 150 m in Rabat, while the displacement of the Larache boulders was stopped by the MHW cliff; (e) the hydrodynamic equations suggest that tsunami waves, with maximum amplitudes of 5–11 m in Rabat and 4.5 m in Larache, were responsible for the displacement of the largest boulders, whereas storms may have displaced smaller ones.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0921-030X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0840</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9792-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Boulders ; Civil Engineering ; Coastal areas ; Coastal zone ; Deposition ; Displacement ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Earthquakes ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environmental Management ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geomorphology ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences ; Holocene ; Hydrogeology ; Inclination ; Natural Hazards ; Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc ; Original Paper ; Pleistocene ; Polarity ; Rocks ; Seismic activity ; Statistical methods ; Storms ; Tsunami waves ; Tsunamis</subject><ispartof>Natural hazards (Dordrecht), 2011-11, Vol.59 (2), p.725-747</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-31702424c131fb8ebf423c30332fcddb8e9d094b66b695c5b66934701cdb194f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-31702424c131fb8ebf423c30332fcddb8e9d094b66b695c5b66934701cdb194f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069-011-9792-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-011-9792-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24594704$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Medina, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mhammdi, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiguer, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akil, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaaidi, E. B.</creatorcontrib><title>The Rabat and Larache boulder fields; new examples of high-energy deposits related to storms and tsunami waves in north-western Morocco</title><title>Natural hazards (Dordrecht)</title><addtitle>Nat Hazards</addtitle><description>The coastal areas of south-west Iberia and north-west Morocco host numerous megaclast accumulations thought to have been emplaced by high-energy waves, namely by the major tsunami related to the 1 November 1755 AD earthquake. New observations were carried out along several transects from Rabat and Larache areas, using statistical methods applied to boulder size. The main results are (a) the boulders belong to two or three sources located within the Pleistocene–Holocene formations of both areas, but only from a single source at Harhoura; (b) the boulders in Larache are generally small, thin and show a normal polarity, whereas those of Rabat are much larger and are often overturned; (c) the directions of inclination of imbricate boulders are variable at Rabat (N, NW and W), whereas they are constant in Larache (WNW); (d) the blocks were displaced for distances up to 150 m in Rabat, while the displacement of the Larache boulders was stopped by the MHW cliff; (e) the hydrodynamic equations suggest that tsunami waves, with maximum amplitudes of 5–11 m in Rabat and 4.5 m in Larache, were responsible for the displacement of the largest boulders, whereas storms may have displaced smaller ones.</description><subject>Boulders</subject><subject>Civil Engineering</subject><subject>Coastal areas</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Displacement</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geomorphology</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Holocene</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Inclination</subject><subject>Natural Hazards</subject><subject>Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pleistocene</subject><subject>Polarity</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Tsunami waves</subject><subject>Tsunamis</subject><issn>0921-030X</issn><issn>1573-0840</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kd2KFDEQhYMoOK4-gHdBEL2J5q87E7ySxT8YEWQF70I6XZnppTsZU93O7BP42macRUHQqyqqvnOo4hDyWPAXgnPzEoXgrWVcCGaNlex4h6xEYxTja83vkhW3UjCu-Nf75AHiNa9gK-2K_LjaAf3sOz9Tn3q68cWHOunyMvZQaBxg7PEVTXCgcPTTfgSkOdLdsN0xSFC2N7SHfcZhRlpg9DP0dM4U51wm_GU545L8NNCD_161Q6Ipl3nHDoAzlEQ_5pJDyA_JvehHhEe39YJ8efvm6vI923x69-Hy9YZ5be3MlDBcaqmDUCJ2a-iilioorpSMoe_rxPbc6q5tu9Y2oamNVdpwEfpOWB3VBXl29t2X_G2pN7hpwADj6BPkBZ3lUjVm3cpKPv8vKVojdKONNRV98hd6nZeS6h9ubVsuRaN0hcQZCiUjFohuX4bJlxsnuDtl6M4ZuhqNO2XojlXz9NbYY_BjLD6FAX8LpW5sfe7kLc8c1lXaQvlzwL_NfwIYy6zw</recordid><startdate>20111101</startdate><enddate>20111101</enddate><creator>Medina, F.</creator><creator>Mhammdi, N.</creator><creator>Chiguer, A.</creator><creator>Akil, M.</creator><creator>Jaaidi, E. 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B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Rabat and Larache boulder fields; new examples of high-energy deposits related to storms and tsunami waves in north-western Morocco</atitle><jtitle>Natural hazards (Dordrecht)</jtitle><stitle>Nat Hazards</stitle><date>2011-11-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>725</spage><epage>747</epage><pages>725-747</pages><issn>0921-030X</issn><eissn>1573-0840</eissn><abstract>The coastal areas of south-west Iberia and north-west Morocco host numerous megaclast accumulations thought to have been emplaced by high-energy waves, namely by the major tsunami related to the 1 November 1755 AD earthquake. New observations were carried out along several transects from Rabat and Larache areas, using statistical methods applied to boulder size. The main results are (a) the boulders belong to two or three sources located within the Pleistocene–Holocene formations of both areas, but only from a single source at Harhoura; (b) the boulders in Larache are generally small, thin and show a normal polarity, whereas those of Rabat are much larger and are often overturned; (c) the directions of inclination of imbricate boulders are variable at Rabat (N, NW and W), whereas they are constant in Larache (WNW); (d) the blocks were displaced for distances up to 150 m in Rabat, while the displacement of the Larache boulders was stopped by the MHW cliff; (e) the hydrodynamic equations suggest that tsunami waves, with maximum amplitudes of 5–11 m in Rabat and 4.5 m in Larache, were responsible for the displacement of the largest boulders, whereas storms may have displaced smaller ones.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11069-011-9792-x</doi><tpages>23</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Boulders Civil Engineering Coastal areas Coastal zone Deposition Displacement Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth, ocean, space Earthquakes Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental Management Exact sciences and technology Geomorphology Geophysics/Geodesy Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Holocene Hydrogeology Inclination Natural Hazards Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc Original Paper Pleistocene Polarity Rocks Seismic activity Statistical methods Storms Tsunami waves Tsunamis |
| title | The Rabat and Larache boulder fields; new examples of high-energy deposits related to storms and tsunami waves in north-western Morocco |
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