Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders: Is There a Juvenile Psychopath Taxon?
Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Law and human behavior 2011-02, Vol.35 (1), p.13-24 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 24 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 13 |
| container_title | Law and human behavior |
| container_volume | 35 |
| creator | Edens, John F Marcus, David K Vaughn, Michael G |
| description | Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon) or as a dimensional construct, however, have provided conflicting results. In a sample of 723 delinquent youths who completed two self-report measures of psychopathic traits, results across taxometric procedures provided uniform support for a dimensional model. Additionally, analyses comparing putative dichotomous and dimensional classification models in terms of predicting relevant criterion measures (e.g., delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and hostility) indicated superior validity for the dimensional model. Implications for research, policy, and practice are reviewed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_902083736</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>41488969</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>41488969</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a546t-c060f428a52fbb6b99fcd0f279d9aa100d160b8464a4043c7ce333edd034e75c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0l1r1jAUB_AginucfgAvlKIXglA9eWleLseYUxhMcIJehTRNbR_apiYp7Pn2pnROFJle5eL8zkkO_yD0FMMbDCDeRgxKqBIwlIpQKOU9tMOVoCXn-Mt9tAPMRCkoiCP0KMY9ACgJ1UN0RIBRrIjcofOz63nwoZ--FalzxZW59qNLobfFp2TSEgvfFh_jwXZ-Nqk7FCejz_SrX1LXLkNx2bZualyIj9GD1gzRPbk5j9Hnd2dXp-_Li8vzD6cnF6WpGE-lBQ4tI9JUpK1rXivV2gZaIlSjjMlLNZhDLRlnhuU3WmEdpdQ1DVDmRGXpMXq1zZ2D_764mPTYR-uGwUzOL1ErICCpoPz_JOFE_lNKJrmUUrAsX_wh934JU15YK8wyAonvQpIJJVVFVoQ3ZIOPMbhWz6EfTThoDHoNV2_h6hyuXsPV6zuf3wxe6tE1tx0_08yAbCDOa6Iu_Lr5rqnPtqZ9TD7cDmWYSam4yvXXW93MRs_5K5iQeju4aJcQ3JT00NWaVhprTDN--Xf8m_oBXCLSXA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>847989521</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders: Is There a Juvenile Psychopath Taxon?</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><source>HeinOnline Law Journal Library</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES</source><source>EBSCOhost Business Source Complete</source><creator>Edens, John F ; Marcus, David K ; Vaughn, Michael G</creator><contributor>Cutler, Brian</contributor><creatorcontrib>Edens, John F ; Marcus, David K ; Vaughn, Michael G ; Cutler, Brian</creatorcontrib><description>Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon) or as a dimensional construct, however, have provided conflicting results. In a sample of 723 delinquent youths who completed two self-report measures of psychopathic traits, results across taxometric procedures provided uniform support for a dimensional model. Additionally, analyses comparing putative dichotomous and dimensional classification models in terms of predicting relevant criterion measures (e.g., delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and hostility) indicated superior validity for the dimensional model. Implications for research, policy, and practice are reviewed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0147-7307</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-661X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20431928</identifier><identifier>CODEN: LHBEDM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Antisocial behavior ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Antisocial Personality Disorder - classification ; Antisocial Personality Disorder - diagnosis ; Antisocial Personality Disorder - physiopathology ; Base interest rates ; Behavioral Science and Psychology ; Children & youth ; Community and Environmental Psychology ; Conduct disorder ; Criminology and Criminal Justice ; Datasets ; Female ; Hostility ; Human ; Humans ; Imprisonment ; Inpatient ; Interview, Psychological ; Interviews ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Juvenile Delinquency - psychology ; Juvenile Offenders ; Law and Psychology ; Law enforcement ; Male ; Missouri ; Modeling ; Original Article ; Personality and Social Psychology ; Personality Assessment ; Personality traits ; Psychological assessment ; Psychology ; Psychometrics ; Psychopathology ; Psychopathy ; Studies ; Substance Abuse ; Taxa ; Taxonomies ; Validity ; Young offenders ; Youth</subject><ispartof>Law and human behavior, 2011-02, Vol.35 (1), p.13-24</ispartof><rights>2011 American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2011 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2011 American Psychology-Law Society / Division 41 of the American Psychological Association</rights><rights>American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association 2010</rights><rights>American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association 2011</rights><rights>2010, American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of the American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a546t-c060f428a52fbb6b99fcd0f279d9aa100d160b8464a4043c7ce333edd034e75c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a546t-c060f428a52fbb6b99fcd0f279d9aa100d160b8464a4043c7ce333edd034e75c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2218-0650</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,33775,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431928$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Cutler, Brian</contributor><creatorcontrib>Edens, John F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcus, David K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaughn, Michael G</creatorcontrib><title>Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders: Is There a Juvenile Psychopath Taxon?</title><title>Law and human behavior</title><addtitle>Law Hum Behav</addtitle><addtitle>Law Hum Behav</addtitle><description>Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon) or as a dimensional construct, however, have provided conflicting results. In a sample of 723 delinquent youths who completed two self-report measures of psychopathic traits, results across taxometric procedures provided uniform support for a dimensional model. Additionally, analyses comparing putative dichotomous and dimensional classification models in terms of predicting relevant criterion measures (e.g., delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and hostility) indicated superior validity for the dimensional model. Implications for research, policy, and practice are reviewed.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Antisocial behavior</subject><subject>Antisocial Personality Disorder</subject><subject>Antisocial Personality Disorder - classification</subject><subject>Antisocial Personality Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Antisocial Personality Disorder - physiopathology</subject><subject>Base interest rates</subject><subject>Behavioral Science and Psychology</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Community and Environmental Psychology</subject><subject>Conduct disorder</subject><subject>Criminology and Criminal Justice</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hostility</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imprisonment</subject><subject>Inpatient</subject><subject>Interview, Psychological</subject><subject>Interviews</subject><subject>Juvenile Delinquency</subject><subject>Juvenile Delinquency - psychology</subject><subject>Juvenile Offenders</subject><subject>Law and Psychology</subject><subject>Law enforcement</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Missouri</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Personality and Social Psychology</subject><subject>Personality Assessment</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Psychological assessment</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Psychopathology</subject><subject>Psychopathy</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Substance Abuse</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Taxonomies</subject><subject>Validity</subject><subject>Young offenders</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>0147-7307</issn><issn>1573-661X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0l1r1jAUB_AginucfgAvlKIXglA9eWleLseYUxhMcIJehTRNbR_apiYp7Pn2pnROFJle5eL8zkkO_yD0FMMbDCDeRgxKqBIwlIpQKOU9tMOVoCXn-Mt9tAPMRCkoiCP0KMY9ACgJ1UN0RIBRrIjcofOz63nwoZ--FalzxZW59qNLobfFp2TSEgvfFh_jwXZ-Nqk7FCejz_SrX1LXLkNx2bZualyIj9GD1gzRPbk5j9Hnd2dXp-_Li8vzD6cnF6WpGE-lBQ4tI9JUpK1rXivV2gZaIlSjjMlLNZhDLRlnhuU3WmEdpdQ1DVDmRGXpMXq1zZ2D_764mPTYR-uGwUzOL1ErICCpoPz_JOFE_lNKJrmUUrAsX_wh934JU15YK8wyAonvQpIJJVVFVoQ3ZIOPMbhWz6EfTThoDHoNV2_h6hyuXsPV6zuf3wxe6tE1tx0_08yAbCDOa6Iu_Lr5rqnPtqZ9TD7cDmWYSam4yvXXW93MRs_5K5iQeju4aJcQ3JT00NWaVhprTDN--Xf8m_oBXCLSXA</recordid><startdate>20110201</startdate><enddate>20110201</enddate><creator>Edens, John F</creator><creator>Marcus, David K</creator><creator>Vaughn, Michael G</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Science+Business Media</general><general>Springer US</general><general>American Psychological Law Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AM</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGRYB</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0O</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>PYYUZ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-0650</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20110201</creationdate><title>Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders</title><author>Edens, John F ; Marcus, David K ; Vaughn, Michael G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a546t-c060f428a52fbb6b99fcd0f279d9aa100d160b8464a4043c7ce333edd034e75c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Antisocial behavior</topic><topic>Antisocial Personality Disorder</topic><topic>Antisocial Personality Disorder - classification</topic><topic>Antisocial Personality Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Antisocial Personality Disorder - physiopathology</topic><topic>Base interest rates</topic><topic>Behavioral Science and Psychology</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Community and Environmental Psychology</topic><topic>Conduct disorder</topic><topic>Criminology and Criminal Justice</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hostility</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imprisonment</topic><topic>Inpatient</topic><topic>Interview, Psychological</topic><topic>Interviews</topic><topic>Juvenile Delinquency</topic><topic>Juvenile Delinquency - psychology</topic><topic>Juvenile Offenders</topic><topic>Law and Psychology</topic><topic>Law enforcement</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Missouri</topic><topic>Modeling</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Personality and Social Psychology</topic><topic>Personality Assessment</topic><topic>Personality traits</topic><topic>Psychological assessment</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Psychopathology</topic><topic>Psychopathy</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Substance Abuse</topic><topic>Taxa</topic><topic>Taxonomies</topic><topic>Validity</topic><topic>Young offenders</topic><topic>Youth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Edens, John F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcus, David K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaughn, Michael G</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Criminology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><jtitle>Law and human behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Edens, John F</au><au>Marcus, David K</au><au>Vaughn, Michael G</au><au>Cutler, Brian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders: Is There a Juvenile Psychopath Taxon?</atitle><jtitle>Law and human behavior</jtitle><stitle>Law Hum Behav</stitle><addtitle>Law Hum Behav</addtitle><date>2011-02-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>13</spage><epage>24</epage><pages>13-24</pages><issn>0147-7307</issn><eissn>1573-661X</eissn><coden>LHBEDM</coden><abstract>Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon) or as a dimensional construct, however, have provided conflicting results. In a sample of 723 delinquent youths who completed two self-report measures of psychopathic traits, results across taxometric procedures provided uniform support for a dimensional model. Additionally, analyses comparing putative dichotomous and dimensional classification models in terms of predicting relevant criterion measures (e.g., delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and hostility) indicated superior validity for the dimensional model. Implications for research, policy, and practice are reviewed.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>20431928</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-0650</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0147-7307 |
| ispartof | Law and human behavior, 2011-02, Vol.35 (1), p.13-24 |
| issn | 0147-7307 1573-661X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_902083736 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; HeinOnline Law Journal Library; Sociological Abstracts; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete |
| subjects | Adolescent Antisocial behavior Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder - classification Antisocial Personality Disorder - diagnosis Antisocial Personality Disorder - physiopathology Base interest rates Behavioral Science and Psychology Children & youth Community and Environmental Psychology Conduct disorder Criminology and Criminal Justice Datasets Female Hostility Human Humans Imprisonment Inpatient Interview, Psychological Interviews Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency - psychology Juvenile Offenders Law and Psychology Law enforcement Male Missouri Modeling Original Article Personality and Social Psychology Personality Assessment Personality traits Psychological assessment Psychology Psychometrics Psychopathology Psychopathy Studies Substance Abuse Taxa Taxonomies Validity Young offenders Youth |
| title | Exploring the Taxometric Status of Psychopathy Among Youthful Offenders: Is There a Juvenile Psychopath Taxon? |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-29T06%3A19%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exploring%20the%20Taxometric%20Status%20of%20Psychopathy%20Among%20Youthful%20Offenders:%20Is%20There%20a%20Juvenile%20Psychopath%20Taxon?&rft.jtitle=Law%20and%20human%20behavior&rft.au=Edens,%20John%20F&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.epage=24&rft.pages=13-24&rft.issn=0147-7307&rft.eissn=1573-661X&rft.coden=LHBEDM&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10979-010-9230-8&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E41488969%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=847989521&rft_id=info:pmid/20431928&rft_jstor_id=41488969&rfr_iscdi=true |