Burning and mowing as habitat management for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: An experimental test
Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, and associated invertebrates, which are important to foraging broods. We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry, at a Scottish pinewood with ericaceous ground vegetation. After six years, bilberry c...
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| creator | Hancock, Mark H. Amphlett, Andy Proctor, Robert Dugan, Desmond Willi, Johanna Harvey, Peter Summers, Ron W. |
| description | Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, and associated invertebrates, which are important to foraging broods. We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry, at a Scottish pinewood with ericaceous ground vegetation. After six years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was about 35% more than that of controls. The biomass of spiders, which are taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased in burnt and mown areas. Burning and mowing, in habitats similar to those of our study site, are techniques that are likely to help capercaillie conservation.
[Display omitted]
► Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus. ► We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry. ► After 6 years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was ∼35% more than controls. ► Abundance of spiders, taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased. ► Burning and mowing are techniques likely to help capercaillie conservation.
In Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris forests, the important ecological effects of natural fires could be emulated using prescribed fire. Species that may benefit from fire effects include capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus, a large forest grouse. A key component of forest habitats for capercaillie is the ericaceous shrub, bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, which is eaten by capercaillie, and supports abundant arthropods, taken by young chicks. We carried out an experiment testing whether prescribed burning would be a valuable technique for capercaillie habitat management. The study took place at Abernethy Forest, the largest ancient native pinewood in Britain, and a key capercaillie site, holding
c 8–20% of the British population. Prescribed fire in woodland is highly novel in Britain. We therefore also tested mowing, which might replicate some fire effects more cheaply and safely. Twenty-five experimental blocks were established within open pine stands with ground vegetation including bilberry, but dominated by heather
Calluna vulgaris. Each block held three 700
m
2 plots, randomly assigned to control, mow and burn. Vegetation, arthropods and capercaillie dung were monitored over a 7-year period, including 1 year prior to treatment. Mean bilberry cover, initially around 12%, increased in mown and burnt areas, but there were also increases in controls, following unusual natural die-back of heather. By the sixth season after treatment, bilberry cover was significantly higher in burnt |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.019 |
| format | Article |
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Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, and associated invertebrates, which are important to foraging broods. We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry, at a Scottish pinewood with ericaceous ground vegetation. After six years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was about 35% more than that of controls. The biomass of spiders, which are taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased in burnt and mown areas. Burning and mowing, in habitats similar to those of our study site, are techniques that are likely to help capercaillie conservation.
[Display omitted]
► Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus. ► We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry. ► After 6 years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was ∼35% more than controls. ► Abundance of spiders, taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased. ► Burning and mowing are techniques likely to help capercaillie conservation.
In Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris forests, the important ecological effects of natural fires could be emulated using prescribed fire. Species that may benefit from fire effects include capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus, a large forest grouse. A key component of forest habitats for capercaillie is the ericaceous shrub, bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, which is eaten by capercaillie, and supports abundant arthropods, taken by young chicks. We carried out an experiment testing whether prescribed burning would be a valuable technique for capercaillie habitat management. The study took place at Abernethy Forest, the largest ancient native pinewood in Britain, and a key capercaillie site, holding
c 8–20% of the British population. Prescribed fire in woodland is highly novel in Britain. We therefore also tested mowing, which might replicate some fire effects more cheaply and safely. Twenty-five experimental blocks were established within open pine stands with ground vegetation including bilberry, but dominated by heather
Calluna vulgaris. Each block held three 700
m
2 plots, randomly assigned to control, mow and burn. Vegetation, arthropods and capercaillie dung were monitored over a 7-year period, including 1 year prior to treatment. Mean bilberry cover, initially around 12%, increased in mown and burnt areas, but there were also increases in controls, following unusual natural die-back of heather. By the sixth season after treatment, bilberry cover was significantly higher in burnt and mown areas than controls, averaging 27% (95% confidence intervals 24–30), compared to 20% (19–21) in controls. Biomass of spiders, an important dietary group for capercaillie chicks, as measured by pitfall trapping, was significantly higher in burnt and mown plots than controls, by about 56% (38–76). However, biomass of caterpillars, often considered a more important dietary group, did not show clear differences between treatments. An alternative analysis was used to ‘statistically remove’ natural heather die-back; this enhanced the treatment differences in bilberry cover and spider biomass. Capercaillie dung counts suggested that burnt, and especially mown areas, had more summer capercaillie usage than controls. Capercaillie conservation at sites similar to Abernethy is likely to benefit from either prescribed fire or mowing, because these techniques increase bilberry and spider abundance. This study illustrates the value of collaboration between researchers and land-managers, in developing and testing novel management techniques. We support the idea that ‘dominance reduction’, delivered through managed disturbance, offers a general principle to guide land-managers wishing to maintain biodiversity, particularly where key species, like capercaillie, are strongly associated with sub-dominant plant species like bilberry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-1127</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7042</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FECMDW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Araneae ; Arthropoda ; Arthropods ; Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus ; biodiversity ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomass ; Calluna vulgaris ; chicks ; confidence interval ; Control equipment ; dieback ; feces ; Fires ; forest habitats ; Forestry ; Forests ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; ground vegetation ; grouse ; Grouse (Tetraonidae) ; Habitats ; Heather Calluna vulgaris ; ingestion ; insect larvae ; Management ; monitoring ; Mowing ; Pinus sylvestris ; pitfall traps ; prescribed burning ; Prescribed fire ; researchers ; Scots pine Pinus sylvestris ; shrubs ; Spiders ; summer ; Synecology ; Terrestrial ecosystems ; Tetrao urogallus ; Vaccinium myrtillus ; wildland fire use ; woodlands</subject><ispartof>Forest ecology and management, 2011-08, Vol.262 (3), p.509-521</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-58cb79881dc6b25fc124a5ed82d7df917213c35b11dac89471bc62d29e36a5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-58cb79881dc6b25fc124a5ed82d7df917213c35b11dac89471bc62d29e36a5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.019$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24266716$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hancock, Mark H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amphlett, Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Proctor, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dugan, Desmond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willi, Johanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Summers, Ron W.</creatorcontrib><title>Burning and mowing as habitat management for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: An experimental test</title><title>Forest ecology and management</title><description>Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, and associated invertebrates, which are important to foraging broods. We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry, at a Scottish pinewood with ericaceous ground vegetation. After six years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was about 35% more than that of controls. The biomass of spiders, which are taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased in burnt and mown areas. Burning and mowing, in habitats similar to those of our study site, are techniques that are likely to help capercaillie conservation.
[Display omitted]
► Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus. ► We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry. ► After 6 years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was ∼35% more than controls. ► Abundance of spiders, taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased. ► Burning and mowing are techniques likely to help capercaillie conservation.
In Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris forests, the important ecological effects of natural fires could be emulated using prescribed fire. Species that may benefit from fire effects include capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus, a large forest grouse. A key component of forest habitats for capercaillie is the ericaceous shrub, bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, which is eaten by capercaillie, and supports abundant arthropods, taken by young chicks. We carried out an experiment testing whether prescribed burning would be a valuable technique for capercaillie habitat management. The study took place at Abernethy Forest, the largest ancient native pinewood in Britain, and a key capercaillie site, holding
c 8–20% of the British population. Prescribed fire in woodland is highly novel in Britain. We therefore also tested mowing, which might replicate some fire effects more cheaply and safely. Twenty-five experimental blocks were established within open pine stands with ground vegetation including bilberry, but dominated by heather
Calluna vulgaris. Each block held three 700
m
2 plots, randomly assigned to control, mow and burn. Vegetation, arthropods and capercaillie dung were monitored over a 7-year period, including 1 year prior to treatment. Mean bilberry cover, initially around 12%, increased in mown and burnt areas, but there were also increases in controls, following unusual natural die-back of heather. By the sixth season after treatment, bilberry cover was significantly higher in burnt and mown areas than controls, averaging 27% (95% confidence intervals 24–30), compared to 20% (19–21) in controls. Biomass of spiders, an important dietary group for capercaillie chicks, as measured by pitfall trapping, was significantly higher in burnt and mown plots than controls, by about 56% (38–76). However, biomass of caterpillars, often considered a more important dietary group, did not show clear differences between treatments. An alternative analysis was used to ‘statistically remove’ natural heather die-back; this enhanced the treatment differences in bilberry cover and spider biomass. Capercaillie dung counts suggested that burnt, and especially mown areas, had more summer capercaillie usage than controls. Capercaillie conservation at sites similar to Abernethy is likely to benefit from either prescribed fire or mowing, because these techniques increase bilberry and spider abundance. This study illustrates the value of collaboration between researchers and land-managers, in developing and testing novel management techniques. We support the idea that ‘dominance reduction’, delivered through managed disturbance, offers a general principle to guide land-managers wishing to maintain biodiversity, particularly where key species, like capercaillie, are strongly associated with sub-dominant plant species like bilberry.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Araneae</subject><subject>Arthropoda</subject><subject>Arthropods</subject><subject>Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus</subject><subject>biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Calluna vulgaris</subject><subject>chicks</subject><subject>confidence interval</subject><subject>Control equipment</subject><subject>dieback</subject><subject>feces</subject><subject>Fires</subject><subject>forest habitats</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>ground vegetation</subject><subject>grouse</subject><subject>Grouse (Tetraonidae)</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Heather Calluna vulgaris</subject><subject>ingestion</subject><subject>insect larvae</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>Mowing</subject><subject>Pinus sylvestris</subject><subject>pitfall traps</subject><subject>prescribed burning</subject><subject>Prescribed fire</subject><subject>researchers</subject><subject>Scots pine Pinus sylvestris</subject><subject>shrubs</subject><subject>Spiders</subject><subject>summer</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><subject>Tetrao urogallus</subject><subject>Vaccinium myrtillus</subject><subject>wildland fire use</subject><subject>woodlands</subject><issn>0378-1127</issn><issn>1872-7042</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEuP1DAQhCMEEsPCP0DCFwSXBLfj2A4HpN0VL2klDgxn07GdwaOMPdgJj3-Ps1lx3FP34auq7qqq50AboCDeHJsxJmdiwyhAQ3lDoX9Q7UBJVkvK2cNqR1upagAmH1dPcj5SSruOq131_WpJwYcDwWDJKf6-XTP5gYOfcSYnDHhwJxdmUiKIwbNLBv00eUf2bk4YyZLiAadpyW_JZSDuTyH8KsCJzC7PT6tHI07ZPbubF9X-w_v99af65svHz9eXN7XhrJvrTplB9kqBNWJg3WiAceycVcxKO_YgGbSm7QYAi0b1XMJgBLOsd63AzrYX1avN9pziz6Xk6pPPxk0TBheXrPvSU6daIQr5-l4ShFrBHvqC8g01Keac3KjP5TdMfzVQvTavj3prXq_Na8o1vZW9vEvAbHAaEwbj838t40wICeslLzZuxKjxkArz7Wsx4pSCVIKtTu82wpXmfnmXdDbeBeOsL6mzttHff8o_R-Sk_A</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>Hancock, Mark H.</creator><creator>Amphlett, Andy</creator><creator>Proctor, Robert</creator><creator>Dugan, Desmond</creator><creator>Willi, Johanna</creator><creator>Harvey, Peter</creator><creator>Summers, Ron W.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Burning and mowing as habitat management for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: An experimental test</title><author>Hancock, Mark H. ; Amphlett, Andy ; Proctor, Robert ; Dugan, Desmond ; Willi, Johanna ; Harvey, Peter ; Summers, Ron W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-58cb79881dc6b25fc124a5ed82d7df917213c35b11dac89471bc62d29e36a5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Araneae</topic><topic>Arthropoda</topic><topic>Arthropods</topic><topic>Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus</topic><topic>biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Calluna vulgaris</topic><topic>chicks</topic><topic>confidence interval</topic><topic>Control equipment</topic><topic>dieback</topic><topic>feces</topic><topic>Fires</topic><topic>forest habitats</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>ground vegetation</topic><topic>grouse</topic><topic>Grouse (Tetraonidae)</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Heather Calluna vulgaris</topic><topic>ingestion</topic><topic>insect larvae</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>Mowing</topic><topic>Pinus sylvestris</topic><topic>pitfall traps</topic><topic>prescribed burning</topic><topic>Prescribed fire</topic><topic>researchers</topic><topic>Scots pine Pinus sylvestris</topic><topic>shrubs</topic><topic>Spiders</topic><topic>summer</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>Terrestrial ecosystems</topic><topic>Tetrao urogallus</topic><topic>Vaccinium myrtillus</topic><topic>wildland fire use</topic><topic>woodlands</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hancock, Mark H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amphlett, Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Proctor, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dugan, Desmond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willi, Johanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Summers, Ron W.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Forest ecology and management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hancock, Mark H.</au><au>Amphlett, Andy</au><au>Proctor, Robert</au><au>Dugan, Desmond</au><au>Willi, Johanna</au><au>Harvey, Peter</au><au>Summers, Ron W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Burning and mowing as habitat management for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: An experimental test</atitle><jtitle>Forest ecology and management</jtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>262</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>509</spage><epage>521</epage><pages>509-521</pages><issn>0378-1127</issn><eissn>1872-7042</eissn><coden>FECMDW</coden><abstract>Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, and associated invertebrates, which are important to foraging broods. We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry, at a Scottish pinewood with ericaceous ground vegetation. After six years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was about 35% more than that of controls. The biomass of spiders, which are taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased in burnt and mown areas. Burning and mowing, in habitats similar to those of our study site, are techniques that are likely to help capercaillie conservation.
[Display omitted]
► Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus benefit from abundant bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus. ► We tested burning and mowing, as means of increasing bilberry. ► After 6 years, bilberry cover in burnt and mown areas was ∼35% more than controls. ► Abundance of spiders, taken by capercaillie chicks, also increased. ► Burning and mowing are techniques likely to help capercaillie conservation.
In Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris forests, the important ecological effects of natural fires could be emulated using prescribed fire. Species that may benefit from fire effects include capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus, a large forest grouse. A key component of forest habitats for capercaillie is the ericaceous shrub, bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus, which is eaten by capercaillie, and supports abundant arthropods, taken by young chicks. We carried out an experiment testing whether prescribed burning would be a valuable technique for capercaillie habitat management. The study took place at Abernethy Forest, the largest ancient native pinewood in Britain, and a key capercaillie site, holding
c 8–20% of the British population. Prescribed fire in woodland is highly novel in Britain. We therefore also tested mowing, which might replicate some fire effects more cheaply and safely. Twenty-five experimental blocks were established within open pine stands with ground vegetation including bilberry, but dominated by heather
Calluna vulgaris. Each block held three 700
m
2 plots, randomly assigned to control, mow and burn. Vegetation, arthropods and capercaillie dung were monitored over a 7-year period, including 1 year prior to treatment. Mean bilberry cover, initially around 12%, increased in mown and burnt areas, but there were also increases in controls, following unusual natural die-back of heather. By the sixth season after treatment, bilberry cover was significantly higher in burnt and mown areas than controls, averaging 27% (95% confidence intervals 24–30), compared to 20% (19–21) in controls. Biomass of spiders, an important dietary group for capercaillie chicks, as measured by pitfall trapping, was significantly higher in burnt and mown plots than controls, by about 56% (38–76). However, biomass of caterpillars, often considered a more important dietary group, did not show clear differences between treatments. An alternative analysis was used to ‘statistically remove’ natural heather die-back; this enhanced the treatment differences in bilberry cover and spider biomass. Capercaillie dung counts suggested that burnt, and especially mown areas, had more summer capercaillie usage than controls. Capercaillie conservation at sites similar to Abernethy is likely to benefit from either prescribed fire or mowing, because these techniques increase bilberry and spider abundance. This study illustrates the value of collaboration between researchers and land-managers, in developing and testing novel management techniques. We support the idea that ‘dominance reduction’, delivered through managed disturbance, offers a general principle to guide land-managers wishing to maintain biodiversity, particularly where key species, like capercaillie, are strongly associated with sub-dominant plant species like bilberry.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.019</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0378-1127 |
| ispartof | Forest ecology and management, 2011-08, Vol.262 (3), p.509-521 |
| issn | 0378-1127 1872-7042 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_901658366 |
| source | Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Araneae Arthropoda Arthropods Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus biodiversity Biological and medical sciences Biomass Calluna vulgaris chicks confidence interval Control equipment dieback feces Fires forest habitats Forestry Forests Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ground vegetation grouse Grouse (Tetraonidae) Habitats Heather Calluna vulgaris ingestion insect larvae Management monitoring Mowing Pinus sylvestris pitfall traps prescribed burning Prescribed fire researchers Scots pine Pinus sylvestris shrubs Spiders summer Synecology Terrestrial ecosystems Tetrao urogallus Vaccinium myrtillus wildland fire use woodlands |
| title | Burning and mowing as habitat management for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: An experimental test |
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