Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia
Garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) are autoallooctoploids with redundant genes producing wide color variations in flowers. There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this exp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Planta 2011-11, Vol.234 (5), p.945-958 |
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| creator | Ohno, Sho Hosokawa, Munetaka Kojima, Misa Kitamura, Yoshikuni Hoshino, Atsushi Tatsuzawa, Fumi Doi, Motoaki Yazawa, Susumu |
| description | Garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) are autoallooctoploids with redundant genes producing wide color variations in flowers. There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the mechanism by which the pure white color is expressed in the petals of some bicolor cultivars. A pigment analysis showed that no flavonoid derivatives were detected in the white areas of petals in a star-type cultivar 'Yuino' and the two seedling cultivars 'OriW1' and 'OriW2' borne from a red-white bicolor cultivar, 'Orihime', indicating that their white areas are pure white. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in the pure white areas, transcripts of two chalcone synthases (CHS), DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 which share 69% nucleotide similarity with each other, were barely detected. Premature mRNA of DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 were detected, indicating that these two CHS genes are silenced post-transcriptionally. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from CHSs were produced in these pure white areas. By high-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in the pure white areas with no mismatch acceptance, small RNAs were mapped to two alleles of DvCHS1 and two alleles of DvCHS2 expressed in 'Yuino' petals. Therefore, we concluded that simultaneous siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing of redundant CHS genes results in the appearance of pure white color in dahlias. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00425-011-1456-2 |
| format | Article |
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There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the mechanism by which the pure white color is expressed in the petals of some bicolor cultivars. A pigment analysis showed that no flavonoid derivatives were detected in the white areas of petals in a star-type cultivar 'Yuino' and the two seedling cultivars 'OriW1' and 'OriW2' borne from a red-white bicolor cultivar, 'Orihime', indicating that their white areas are pure white. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in the pure white areas, transcripts of two chalcone synthases (CHS), DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 which share 69% nucleotide similarity with each other, were barely detected. Premature mRNA of DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 were detected, indicating that these two CHS genes are silenced post-transcriptionally. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from CHSs were produced in these pure white areas. By high-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in the pure white areas with no mismatch acceptance, small RNAs were mapped to two alleles of DvCHS1 and two alleles of DvCHS2 expressed in 'Yuino' petals. Therefore, we concluded that simultaneous siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing of redundant CHS genes results in the appearance of pure white color in dahlias.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0935</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2048</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1456-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21688014</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PLANAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer</publisher><subject>Acyltransferases - genetics ; Acyltransferases - metabolism ; Agriculture ; Anthocyanins - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Breeding ; Chalcone - metabolism ; Chalconoids ; Color ; Cultivars ; Dahlia ; Dahlia - classification ; Dahlia - enzymology ; Dahlia - genetics ; Dahlia - physiology ; Ecology ; Flavones ; Flavones - metabolism ; Flavonoids ; Flowers ; Flowers - metabolism ; Flowers - physiology ; Forestry ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene silencing ; Genes ; Genes, Plant ; Life Sciences ; Messenger RNA ; Naringenin-chalcone synthase ; Nucleotides ; Original Article ; Petals ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation ; Pigments ; Plant Sciences ; Plants ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polyploidy ; Post-transcription ; RNA ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger - analysis ; RNA, Plant - genetics ; RNA, Plant - metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering - genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism ; Seedlings ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; siRNA ; Small interfering RNA</subject><ispartof>Planta, 2011-11, Vol.234 (5), p.945-958</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c608t-b01a71d0a450be6d2f0037820cc9d0b3ad01f7f25b1119dabe59955965e7fa423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c608t-b01a71d0a450be6d2f0037820cc9d0b3ad01f7f25b1119dabe59955965e7fa423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23884731$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23884731$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24704101$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21688014$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ohno, Sho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosokawa, Munetaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kojima, Misa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitamura, Yoshikuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoshino, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tatsuzawa, Fumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Motoaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazawa, Susumu</creatorcontrib><title>Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia</title><title>Planta</title><addtitle>Planta</addtitle><addtitle>Planta</addtitle><description>Garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) are autoallooctoploids with redundant genes producing wide color variations in flowers. There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the mechanism by which the pure white color is expressed in the petals of some bicolor cultivars. A pigment analysis showed that no flavonoid derivatives were detected in the white areas of petals in a star-type cultivar 'Yuino' and the two seedling cultivars 'OriW1' and 'OriW2' borne from a red-white bicolor cultivar, 'Orihime', indicating that their white areas are pure white. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in the pure white areas, transcripts of two chalcone synthases (CHS), DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 which share 69% nucleotide similarity with each other, were barely detected. Premature mRNA of DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 were detected, indicating that these two CHS genes are silenced post-transcriptionally. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from CHSs were produced in these pure white areas. By high-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in the pure white areas with no mismatch acceptance, small RNAs were mapped to two alleles of DvCHS1 and two alleles of DvCHS2 expressed in 'Yuino' petals. Therefore, we concluded that simultaneous siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing of redundant CHS genes results in the appearance of pure white color in dahlias.</description><subject>Acyltransferases - genetics</subject><subject>Acyltransferases - metabolism</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Anthocyanins - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Chalcone - metabolism</subject><subject>Chalconoids</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Dahlia</subject><subject>Dahlia - classification</subject><subject>Dahlia - enzymology</subject><subject>Dahlia - genetics</subject><subject>Dahlia - physiology</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Flavones</subject><subject>Flavones - metabolism</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Flowers</subject><subject>Flowers - metabolism</subject><subject>Flowers - physiology</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene silencing</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes, Plant</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Naringenin-chalcone synthase</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Petals</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pigmentation</subject><subject>Pigments</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polyploidy</subject><subject>Post-transcription</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA Interference</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - analysis</subject><subject>RNA, Plant - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Plant - metabolism</subject><subject>RNA, Small Interfering - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, RNA</subject><subject>siRNA</subject><subject>Small interfering RNA</subject><issn>0032-0935</issn><issn>1432-2048</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kduq1DAUhoMo7nH0AbxQgiB6U11Jm6a93Gw8wQYv1OuSpiszGTJNTVKG_Ri-sakdHfBiQyCnb305_IQ8Z_COAcj3EaDiogDGClaJuuAPyIZVJS84VM1DsgHIY2hLcUWexHgAyJtSPiZXnNVNk2cb8uubPc4uqRH9HOnkYypSUGPUwU7J-lE5usMRabQOR23HHfWGppOngzUGA46J6r1y2i_M3Zj2KuKfikgDxmxeSuxIpzkgPe1tQmqcP2GIy2raI_U6-cl5O9BB7Z1VT8kjo1zEZ-d-S358_PD95nNx-_XTl5vr20LX0KSiB6YkG0BVAnqsB27ya2XDQet2gL5UAzAjDRc9Y6wdVI-ibYVoa4HSqIqXW_Jm9U7B_5wxpu5oo0bn1r_oWmAllK1sMvn2XjJn0TS8FnyRvvoPPfg55F9cfJCbFJAhtkI6-BgDmm4K9qjCXTYtMtmtwXY52G4JtlvEL8_iuT_i8K_ib5IZeH0GVNTKmRyitvHCVRIqlp-0JXzlYt4adxguN7zv9Bdr0SEmHy7SsmkqWbLyN3Jxxms</recordid><startdate>20111101</startdate><enddate>20111101</enddate><creator>Ohno, Sho</creator><creator>Hosokawa, Munetaka</creator><creator>Kojima, Misa</creator><creator>Kitamura, Yoshikuni</creator><creator>Hoshino, Atsushi</creator><creator>Tatsuzawa, Fumi</creator><creator>Doi, Motoaki</creator><creator>Yazawa, Susumu</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111101</creationdate><title>Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia</title><author>Ohno, Sho ; Hosokawa, Munetaka ; Kojima, Misa ; Kitamura, Yoshikuni ; Hoshino, Atsushi ; Tatsuzawa, Fumi ; Doi, Motoaki ; Yazawa, Susumu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c608t-b01a71d0a450be6d2f0037820cc9d0b3ad01f7f25b1119dabe59955965e7fa423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Acyltransferases - genetics</topic><topic>Acyltransferases - metabolism</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Anthocyanins - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Chalcone - metabolism</topic><topic>Chalconoids</topic><topic>Color</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Dahlia</topic><topic>Dahlia - classification</topic><topic>Dahlia - enzymology</topic><topic>Dahlia - genetics</topic><topic>Dahlia - physiology</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Flavones</topic><topic>Flavones - metabolism</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Flowers</topic><topic>Flowers - metabolism</topic><topic>Flowers - physiology</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene silencing</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes, Plant</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Naringenin-chalcone synthase</topic><topic>Nucleotides</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Petals</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Pigmentation</topic><topic>Pigments</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Polyploidy</topic><topic>Post-transcription</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA Interference</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - analysis</topic><topic>RNA, Plant - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Plant - metabolism</topic><topic>RNA, Small Interfering - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, RNA</topic><topic>siRNA</topic><topic>Small interfering RNA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ohno, Sho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosokawa, Munetaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kojima, Misa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitamura, Yoshikuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoshino, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tatsuzawa, Fumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Motoaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazawa, Susumu</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Planta</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ohno, Sho</au><au>Hosokawa, Munetaka</au><au>Kojima, Misa</au><au>Kitamura, Yoshikuni</au><au>Hoshino, Atsushi</au><au>Tatsuzawa, Fumi</au><au>Doi, Motoaki</au><au>Yazawa, Susumu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia</atitle><jtitle>Planta</jtitle><stitle>Planta</stitle><addtitle>Planta</addtitle><date>2011-11-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>234</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>945</spage><epage>958</epage><pages>945-958</pages><issn>0032-0935</issn><eissn>1432-2048</eissn><coden>PLANAB</coden><abstract>Garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) are autoallooctoploids with redundant genes producing wide color variations in flowers. There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the mechanism by which the pure white color is expressed in the petals of some bicolor cultivars. A pigment analysis showed that no flavonoid derivatives were detected in the white areas of petals in a star-type cultivar 'Yuino' and the two seedling cultivars 'OriW1' and 'OriW2' borne from a red-white bicolor cultivar, 'Orihime', indicating that their white areas are pure white. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in the pure white areas, transcripts of two chalcone synthases (CHS), DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 which share 69% nucleotide similarity with each other, were barely detected. Premature mRNA of DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 were detected, indicating that these two CHS genes are silenced post-transcriptionally. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from CHSs were produced in these pure white areas. By high-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in the pure white areas with no mismatch acceptance, small RNAs were mapped to two alleles of DvCHS1 and two alleles of DvCHS2 expressed in 'Yuino' petals. Therefore, we concluded that simultaneous siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing of redundant CHS genes results in the appearance of pure white color in dahlias.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>21688014</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00425-011-1456-2</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Planta, 2011-11, Vol.234 (5), p.945-958 |
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| subjects | Acyltransferases - genetics Acyltransferases - metabolism Agriculture Anthocyanins - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Breeding Chalcone - metabolism Chalconoids Color Cultivars Dahlia Dahlia - classification Dahlia - enzymology Dahlia - genetics Dahlia - physiology Ecology Flavones Flavones - metabolism Flavonoids Flowers Flowers - metabolism Flowers - physiology Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene silencing Genes Genes, Plant Life Sciences Messenger RNA Naringenin-chalcone synthase Nucleotides Original Article Petals Phylogeny Pigmentation Pigments Plant Sciences Plants Polymerase chain reaction Polyploidy Post-transcription RNA RNA Interference RNA, Messenger - analysis RNA, Plant - genetics RNA, Plant - metabolism RNA, Small Interfering - genetics RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism Seedlings Sequence Analysis, RNA siRNA Small interfering RNA |
| title | Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia |
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