Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers
Objective:Several studies based on clinical samples have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, and a case-control study among U.S. military personnel with specimens available from both before and after diagnosis found a positive association between T. gondii imm...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of psychiatry 2011-08, Vol.168 (8), p.814-821 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 821 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 8 |
| container_start_page | 814 |
| container_title | The American journal of psychiatry |
| container_volume | 168 |
| creator | Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Stevens, Hanne Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent Mortensen, Preben Bo |
| description | Objective:Several studies based on clinical samples have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, and a case-control study among U.S. military personnel with specimens available from both before and after diagnosis found a positive association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level and schizophrenia. These findings have never been replicated in a prospective cohort study. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mothers infected with T. gondii have an elevated risk of schizophrenia or related disorders and whether the risk depends on IgG antibody level.
Method:In a register-based prospective cohort study of 45,609 women born in Denmark, the level of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies was measured in connection with childbirth between 1992 and 1995. Women were followed up from the date of delivery until 2008.
Results:A significant positive association between T. gondii IgG antibody level and schizophrenia spectrum disorders was found. Mothers with the highest IgG level had a relative risk of 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12–2.62) compared with mothers with the lowest IgG level. For schizophrenia, the relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI=0.77–3.46). When the mothers were classified according to IgG level, only those with the highest IgG levels had a significantly higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Conclusions:Women with high levels of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies have a significantly elevated risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_899162913</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>881087958</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a443t-82708b9d780fd517e2f62e2349c5cd8cf8334c84c13f3ef713a17d6298adb0133</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0U9r2zAYBnAxWta021coZlB2cqpXsizpWLr1D6T00BR2E4osEQdb8iRntP30VZo0g13WkxD83ueVeBA6BTwF4PW5HoZ2qlfDlGCAKWAsgTL4hCbAKCs5IeIATTDGpJSM_jpCxymt8hVTTj6jI5JVXUs8QVfz8BSGTqdeF7feWTO2wRfaN8VMjzYWP-wf24Wht34sgisezLJ9CcMyWt_qovXFXRiXNqYv6NDpLtmvu_MEPV79nF_elLP769vLi1mpq4qOpSAci4VsuMCuYcAtcTWxhFbSMNMI4wSllRGVAeqodRyoBt7URArdLDBQeoK-b3OHGH6vbRpV3yZju057G9ZJCSkh849IAVhwyUSW3_6Rq7COPn8jI0Y4iApnVG-RiSGlaJ0aYtvr-KwAq00jatOIyo2oTSPqvZE8eLpLXy962-zH3ivI4GwHdDK6c1F706a_rqKSMrIJolv3tmj_xP-sfwUi8qSB</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>885271840</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>American Psychiatric Publishing Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz ; Stevens, Hanne ; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker ; Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent ; Mortensen, Preben Bo</creator><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz ; Stevens, Hanne ; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker ; Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent ; Mortensen, Preben Bo</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:Several studies based on clinical samples have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, and a case-control study among U.S. military personnel with specimens available from both before and after diagnosis found a positive association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level and schizophrenia. These findings have never been replicated in a prospective cohort study. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mothers infected with T. gondii have an elevated risk of schizophrenia or related disorders and whether the risk depends on IgG antibody level.
Method:In a register-based prospective cohort study of 45,609 women born in Denmark, the level of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies was measured in connection with childbirth between 1992 and 1995. Women were followed up from the date of delivery until 2008.
Results:A significant positive association between T. gondii IgG antibody level and schizophrenia spectrum disorders was found. Mothers with the highest IgG level had a relative risk of 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12–2.62) compared with mothers with the lowest IgG level. For schizophrenia, the relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI=0.77–3.46). When the mothers were classified according to IgG level, only those with the highest IgG levels had a significantly higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Conclusions:Women with high levels of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies have a significantly elevated risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21536690</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Denmark ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection ; Infections ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mental disorders ; Military ; Military personnel ; Mothers ; Neonatal Screening ; Parasites ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - immunology ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - psychology ; Prospective Studies ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychoses ; Risk ; Risk assessment ; Risk factors ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis ; Schizophrenia - epidemiology ; Schizophrenia - immunology ; Toxoplasma - immunology ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis - immunology ; Toxoplasmosis - psychology ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - psychology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 2011-08, Vol.168 (8), p.814-821</ispartof><rights>Copyright © American Psychiatric Association 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © American Psychiatric Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a443t-82708b9d780fd517e2f62e2349c5cd8cf8334c84c13f3ef713a17d6298adb0133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a443t-82708b9d780fd517e2f62e2349c5cd8cf8334c84c13f3ef713a17d6298adb0133</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351$$EPDF$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351$$EHTML$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2855,21626,21627,21628,27924,27925,77794,77799</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24393521$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21536690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, Hanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortensen, Preben Bo</creatorcontrib><title>Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Objective:Several studies based on clinical samples have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, and a case-control study among U.S. military personnel with specimens available from both before and after diagnosis found a positive association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level and schizophrenia. These findings have never been replicated in a prospective cohort study. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mothers infected with T. gondii have an elevated risk of schizophrenia or related disorders and whether the risk depends on IgG antibody level.
Method:In a register-based prospective cohort study of 45,609 women born in Denmark, the level of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies was measured in connection with childbirth between 1992 and 1995. Women were followed up from the date of delivery until 2008.
Results:A significant positive association between T. gondii IgG antibody level and schizophrenia spectrum disorders was found. Mothers with the highest IgG level had a relative risk of 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12–2.62) compared with mothers with the lowest IgG level. For schizophrenia, the relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI=0.77–3.46). When the mothers were classified according to IgG level, only those with the highest IgG levels had a significantly higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Conclusions:Women with high levels of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies have a significantly elevated risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Denmark</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Military</subject><subject>Military personnel</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Neonatal Screening</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - immunology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - psychology</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - immunology</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - immunology</subject><subject>Toxoplasma gondii</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - immunology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - psychology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - diagnosis</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - immunology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - psychology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0U9r2zAYBnAxWta021coZlB2cqpXsizpWLr1D6T00BR2E4osEQdb8iRntP30VZo0g13WkxD83ueVeBA6BTwF4PW5HoZ2qlfDlGCAKWAsgTL4hCbAKCs5IeIATTDGpJSM_jpCxymt8hVTTj6jI5JVXUs8QVfz8BSGTqdeF7feWTO2wRfaN8VMjzYWP-wf24Wht34sgisezLJ9CcMyWt_qovXFXRiXNqYv6NDpLtmvu_MEPV79nF_elLP769vLi1mpq4qOpSAci4VsuMCuYcAtcTWxhFbSMNMI4wSllRGVAeqodRyoBt7URArdLDBQeoK-b3OHGH6vbRpV3yZju057G9ZJCSkh849IAVhwyUSW3_6Rq7COPn8jI0Y4iApnVG-RiSGlaJ0aYtvr-KwAq00jatOIyo2oTSPqvZE8eLpLXy962-zH3ivI4GwHdDK6c1F706a_rqKSMrIJolv3tmj_xP-sfwUi8qSB</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz</creator><creator>Stevens, Hanne</creator><creator>Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker</creator><creator>Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent</creator><creator>Mortensen, Preben Bo</creator><general>American Psychiatric Publishing</general><general>American Psychiatric Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers</title><author>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz ; Stevens, Hanne ; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker ; Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent ; Mortensen, Preben Bo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a443t-82708b9d780fd517e2f62e2349c5cd8cf8334c84c13f3ef713a17d6298adb0133</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Denmark</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Military</topic><topic>Military personnel</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Neonatal Screening</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - immunology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - psychology</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychoses</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - immunology</topic><topic>Toxoplasma - immunology</topic><topic>Toxoplasma gondii</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - immunology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - psychology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - diagnosis</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - epidemiology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - immunology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - psychology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, Hanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortensen, Preben Bo</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz</au><au>Stevens, Hanne</au><au>Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker</au><au>Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent</au><au>Mortensen, Preben Bo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>168</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>814</spage><epage>821</epage><pages>814-821</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><abstract>Objective:Several studies based on clinical samples have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, and a case-control study among U.S. military personnel with specimens available from both before and after diagnosis found a positive association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level and schizophrenia. These findings have never been replicated in a prospective cohort study. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mothers infected with T. gondii have an elevated risk of schizophrenia or related disorders and whether the risk depends on IgG antibody level.
Method:In a register-based prospective cohort study of 45,609 women born in Denmark, the level of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies was measured in connection with childbirth between 1992 and 1995. Women were followed up from the date of delivery until 2008.
Results:A significant positive association between T. gondii IgG antibody level and schizophrenia spectrum disorders was found. Mothers with the highest IgG level had a relative risk of 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12–2.62) compared with mothers with the lowest IgG level. For schizophrenia, the relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI=0.77–3.46). When the mothers were classified according to IgG level, only those with the highest IgG levels had a significantly higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Conclusions:Women with high levels of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies have a significantly elevated risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</abstract><cop>Arlington, VA</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>21536690</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-953X |
| ispartof | The American journal of psychiatry, 2011-08, Vol.168 (8), p.814-821 |
| issn | 0002-953X 1535-7228 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_899162913 |
| source | MEDLINE; American Psychiatric Publishing Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Denmark Female Follow-Up Studies Health risk assessment Humans Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Infant, Newborn Infection Infections Male Medical sciences Mental disorders Military Military personnel Mothers Neonatal Screening Parasites Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - diagnosis Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - immunology Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - psychology Prospective Studies Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Risk Risk assessment Risk factors Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenia - epidemiology Schizophrenia - immunology Toxoplasma - immunology Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology Toxoplasmosis - immunology Toxoplasmosis - psychology Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - diagnosis Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - epidemiology Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - immunology Toxoplasmosis, Congenital - psychology Young Adult |
| title | Toxoplasma Infection and Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-01T15%3A00%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toxoplasma%20Infection%20and%20Later%20Development%20of%20Schizophrenia%20in%20Mothers&rft.jtitle=The%20American%20journal%20of%20psychiatry&rft.au=Pedersen,%20Marianne%20Gi%C3%B8rtz&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=814&rft.epage=821&rft.pages=814-821&rft.issn=0002-953X&rft.eissn=1535-7228&rft.coden=AJPSAO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10091351&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E881087958%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=885271840&rft_id=info:pmid/21536690&rfr_iscdi=true |