Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer
The non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. The insecticide was injected into t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2011-09, Vol.74 (6), p.1734-1741 |
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| creator | Kreutzweiser, David Thompson, Dean Grimalt, Susana Chartrand, Derek Good, Kevin Scarr, Taylor |
| description | The non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. The insecticide was injected into the trunks of ash trees at a rate of 0.2
g
azadirachtin
cm
−1 tree diameter in early summer. At the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.021 |
| format | Article |
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g
azadirachtin
cm
−1 tree diameter in early summer. At the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection (<0.01
mg
kg
−1 total azadirachtin) and the average concentration among leaves overall at senescence was 0.19
mg
kg
−1. Leaves from the azadirachtin-treated trees at senescence were added to microcosms and responses by test organisms were compared to those in microcosms containing leaves from non-treated ash trees (controls). No significant reductions were detected among earthworm survival, leaf consumption rates, growth rates, or cocoon production, aquatic insect survival and leaf consumption rates, and among terrestrial and aquatic microbial decomposition of leaf material in comparison to controls. In a further set of microcosm tests containing leaves from intentional high-dose trees, the only significant, adverse effect detected was a reduction in microbial decomposition of leaf material, and only at the highest test concentration (∼6
mg
kg
−1). Results indicated no significant adverse effects on litter-dwelling earthworms or leaf-shredding aquatic insects at concentrations up to at least 30× the expected field concentrations at operational rates, and at 6× expected field concentrations for adverse effects on microbial decomposition. We conclude that when azadirachtin is used as a systemic insecticide in trees for control of insect pests such as the invasive wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer, resultant foliar concentrations in senescent leaf material are likely to pose little risk of harm to decomposer invertebrates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0147-6513</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21531021</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EESADV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Diego, CA: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>adverse effects ; Agrilus planipennis ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Applied ecology ; aquatic communities ; aquatic insects ; Aquatic invertebrates ; Aquatic Organisms - drug effects ; Ashes ; Azadirachta indica ; Azadirachtin ; Behavior, Animal - drug effects ; Biological and medical sciences ; cocoons ; Coleoptera - drug effects ; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife ; Control systems ; Decomposition ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Earthworms ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Fraxinus ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; insect control ; insect pests ; Insecta - drug effects ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - toxicity ; Insects ; invasive species ; Invertebrata ; Invertebrates - drug effects ; Leaves ; Limonins - toxicity ; microbial communities ; Microorganisms ; Neem ; Non-target effects ; Oligochaeta - drug effects ; Pest Control, Biological - methods ; Plant Leaves ; risk ; Risk Assessment ; senescence ; summer ; Systemic insecticide ; tree and stand measurements ; tree trunk ; Trees ; Wood</subject><ispartof>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2011-09, Vol.74 (6), p.1734-1741</ispartof><rights>2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-c8ceb172156209f3c214f7c3236b03e9cecb3361c498c22994c7c33b013f44873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-c8ceb172156209f3c214f7c3236b03e9cecb3361c498c22994c7c33b013f44873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651311001059$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24465877$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21531021$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kreutzweiser, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Dean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grimalt, Susana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chartrand, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Good, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarr, Taylor</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer</title><title>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</title><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><description>The non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. The insecticide was injected into the trunks of ash trees at a rate of 0.2
g
azadirachtin
cm
−1 tree diameter in early summer. At the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection (<0.01
mg
kg
−1 total azadirachtin) and the average concentration among leaves overall at senescence was 0.19
mg
kg
−1. Leaves from the azadirachtin-treated trees at senescence were added to microcosms and responses by test organisms were compared to those in microcosms containing leaves from non-treated ash trees (controls). No significant reductions were detected among earthworm survival, leaf consumption rates, growth rates, or cocoon production, aquatic insect survival and leaf consumption rates, and among terrestrial and aquatic microbial decomposition of leaf material in comparison to controls. In a further set of microcosm tests containing leaves from intentional high-dose trees, the only significant, adverse effect detected was a reduction in microbial decomposition of leaf material, and only at the highest test concentration (∼6
mg
kg
−1). Results indicated no significant adverse effects on litter-dwelling earthworms or leaf-shredding aquatic insects at concentrations up to at least 30× the expected field concentrations at operational rates, and at 6× expected field concentrations for adverse effects on microbial decomposition. We conclude that when azadirachtin is used as a systemic insecticide in trees for control of insect pests such as the invasive wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer, resultant foliar concentrations in senescent leaf material are likely to pose little risk of harm to decomposer invertebrates.</description><subject>adverse effects</subject><subject>Agrilus planipennis</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>aquatic communities</subject><subject>aquatic insects</subject><subject>Aquatic invertebrates</subject><subject>Aquatic Organisms - drug effects</subject><subject>Ashes</subject><subject>Azadirachta indica</subject><subject>Azadirachtin</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cocoons</subject><subject>Coleoptera - drug effects</subject><subject>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</subject><subject>Control systems</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Earthworms</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Fraxinus</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>insect control</subject><subject>insect pests</subject><subject>Insecta - drug effects</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - toxicity</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>invasive species</subject><subject>Invertebrata</subject><subject>Invertebrates - drug effects</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Limonins - toxicity</subject><subject>microbial communities</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Neem</subject><subject>Non-target effects</subject><subject>Oligochaeta - drug effects</subject><subject>Pest Control, Biological - methods</subject><subject>Plant Leaves</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>senescence</subject><subject>summer</subject><subject>Systemic insecticide</subject><subject>tree and stand measurements</subject><subject>tree trunk</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Wood</subject><issn>0147-6513</issn><issn>1090-2414</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctuEzEUhkcIRNPCGyDwBrUsEnzGntsGCVXlIlViAV1bnjNnqKMZO9hOpPACvDYnSoBdWdmSv_9c_BXFC5ArkFC_Xa8IA_ndqpQAK6lXsoRHxQJkJ5elBv24WEjQzbKuQJ0V5ymtpZRKVtXT4qyESgHzi-LXjd-5GPxMPttJJDtS3oscxMDV501IFIXzO4qZ-mgzJRFGYX_awUWL99l5ceWJ5jfCJmFF2qdMs0OOJMLs0A3Ed5EjcZKrYvA5hknQTNFOA6fuRR8ixWfFk9FOiZ6fzovi7sPNt-tPy9svHz9fv79dom5lXmKL1EPD89el7EaFJeixQVWqupeKOiTslaoBdddiWXadRn5VvQQ1at026qK4PNbdxPBjSymb2SWkabKewjaZtutAg-L_-S_ZliAV1C2TVw-S0DQN1FVV1YzqI4oxpBRpNJvoZhv3BqQ5aDVrc9RqDlqN1IY1cezlqcO2n2n4G_rjkYHXJ8AmtNMYrUeX_nFa11XbHNZ_deRGG4z9Hpm5-8qdtJTAM3aHZd4dCWILO0fRJHTkkdg4KzVDcA_P-htWpcvz</recordid><startdate>20110901</startdate><enddate>20110901</enddate><creator>Kreutzweiser, David</creator><creator>Thompson, Dean</creator><creator>Grimalt, Susana</creator><creator>Chartrand, Derek</creator><creator>Good, Kevin</creator><creator>Scarr, Taylor</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110901</creationdate><title>Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer</title><author>Kreutzweiser, David ; Thompson, Dean ; Grimalt, Susana ; Chartrand, Derek ; Good, Kevin ; Scarr, Taylor</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-c8ceb172156209f3c214f7c3236b03e9cecb3361c498c22994c7c33b013f44873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>adverse effects</topic><topic>Agrilus planipennis</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>aquatic communities</topic><topic>aquatic insects</topic><topic>Aquatic invertebrates</topic><topic>Aquatic Organisms - drug effects</topic><topic>Ashes</topic><topic>Azadirachta indica</topic><topic>Azadirachtin</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cocoons</topic><topic>Coleoptera - drug effects</topic><topic>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</topic><topic>Control systems</topic><topic>Decomposition</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Earthworms</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Fraxinus</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>insect control</topic><topic>insect pests</topic><topic>Insecta - drug effects</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Insecticides - toxicity</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>invasive species</topic><topic>Invertebrata</topic><topic>Invertebrates - drug effects</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Limonins - toxicity</topic><topic>microbial communities</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Neem</topic><topic>Non-target effects</topic><topic>Oligochaeta - drug effects</topic><topic>Pest Control, Biological - methods</topic><topic>Plant Leaves</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>senescence</topic><topic>summer</topic><topic>Systemic insecticide</topic><topic>tree and stand measurements</topic><topic>tree trunk</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Wood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kreutzweiser, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Dean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grimalt, Susana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chartrand, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Good, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarr, Taylor</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kreutzweiser, David</au><au>Thompson, Dean</au><au>Grimalt, Susana</au><au>Chartrand, Derek</au><au>Good, Kevin</au><au>Scarr, Taylor</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer</atitle><jtitle>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</jtitle><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>74</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1734</spage><epage>1741</epage><pages>1734-1741</pages><issn>0147-6513</issn><eissn>1090-2414</eissn><coden>EESADV</coden><abstract>The non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. The insecticide was injected into the trunks of ash trees at a rate of 0.2
g
azadirachtin
cm
−1 tree diameter in early summer. At the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection (<0.01
mg
kg
−1 total azadirachtin) and the average concentration among leaves overall at senescence was 0.19
mg
kg
−1. Leaves from the azadirachtin-treated trees at senescence were added to microcosms and responses by test organisms were compared to those in microcosms containing leaves from non-treated ash trees (controls). No significant reductions were detected among earthworm survival, leaf consumption rates, growth rates, or cocoon production, aquatic insect survival and leaf consumption rates, and among terrestrial and aquatic microbial decomposition of leaf material in comparison to controls. In a further set of microcosm tests containing leaves from intentional high-dose trees, the only significant, adverse effect detected was a reduction in microbial decomposition of leaf material, and only at the highest test concentration (∼6
mg
kg
−1). Results indicated no significant adverse effects on litter-dwelling earthworms or leaf-shredding aquatic insects at concentrations up to at least 30× the expected field concentrations at operational rates, and at 6× expected field concentrations for adverse effects on microbial decomposition. We conclude that when azadirachtin is used as a systemic insecticide in trees for control of insect pests such as the invasive wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer, resultant foliar concentrations in senescent leaf material are likely to pose little risk of harm to decomposer invertebrates.</abstract><cop>San Diego, CA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21531021</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.021</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0147-6513 |
| ispartof | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2011-09, Vol.74 (6), p.1734-1741 |
| issn | 0147-6513 1090-2414 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | adverse effects Agrilus planipennis Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology aquatic communities aquatic insects Aquatic invertebrates Aquatic Organisms - drug effects Ashes Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Behavior, Animal - drug effects Biological and medical sciences cocoons Coleoptera - drug effects Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Control systems Decomposition Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Earthworms Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Fraxinus Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects insect control insect pests Insecta - drug effects Insecticides Insecticides - toxicity Insects invasive species Invertebrata Invertebrates - drug effects Leaves Limonins - toxicity microbial communities Microorganisms Neem Non-target effects Oligochaeta - drug effects Pest Control, Biological - methods Plant Leaves risk Risk Assessment senescence summer Systemic insecticide tree and stand measurements tree trunk Trees Wood |
| title | Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer |
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