The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique
The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with di...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology 2011-08, Vol.28 (8), p.993-1006 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1006 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 8 |
| container_start_page | 993 |
| container_title | Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology |
| container_volume | 28 |
| creator | Bennett, A J Gaffard, C Nash, J Callaghan, G Atkinson, N C |
| description | The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with distance to lightning have been observed and attributed to interference between different propagation modes within the earth–ionosphere waveguide. During the day, waveform correlations were significantly degraded at a distance of 450 km from the sensor, with the main degradations occurring during the night centered at propagation distances of 650 and 2150 km. The observation and simple modeling of modal interference spacing allowed the effective ionospheric height during summer over Europe to be estimated for day and night as 69 and 88.5 km, respectively, for 13.7 kHz. Wider distribution of sensor sites, lowering of the receiver frequency, and adaptation of the reference waveform selection criteria have been suggested to mitigate the effect of this interference on network performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/2011JTECHA1527.1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_899136359</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2826206848</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b5a1822ed0b329ad325d29ea0eb1106a73b33e0790fe37354fd2021e219f1d5d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10Utv2zAMAGBhWIFlbe87CtuhJ2ckFVv2sQjSx-C2QJFsR0OxqcSdI7WSs2L_fiqySwv0RIL4QBKkEF8Qpog6_06A-GO5mF-dY056ih_EJCWQwYyKj2ICWlUZ5Jo-ic8xPgAAKiwm4nm5ZbmwlttReitvfGcGee1GDpYDu5ald_JnfSFr7zbZvXEblnW_2Y6ud5tUbM3YJ3HL47MPv6NcxZf6mJr-Mn_Y-rCTcx8CDwe35Hbr-qc9n4gja4bIp__jsVhdLJbzq6y-u7yen9dZqzSN2To3WBJxB2tFlekU5R1VbIDXiFAYrdZKMegKLCut8pntCAiZsLLY5Z06FmeHvo_Bp7FxbHZ9bHkYjGO_j01ZVagKlVdJfn0jH_w-uLRcQpQuN9OQ0Lf3EJVUEBTlrEwKDqoNPsbAtnkM_c6Evw1C8_Kt5vW3GlT_AAxIhoY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2826206848</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique</title><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><source>AMS Journals (Meteorology)</source><creator>Bennett, A J ; Gaffard, C ; Nash, J ; Callaghan, G ; Atkinson, N C</creator><creatorcontrib>Bennett, A J ; Gaffard, C ; Nash, J ; Callaghan, G ; Atkinson, N C</creatorcontrib><description>The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with distance to lightning have been observed and attributed to interference between different propagation modes within the earth–ionosphere waveguide. During the day, waveform correlations were significantly degraded at a distance of 450 km from the sensor, with the main degradations occurring during the night centered at propagation distances of 650 and 2150 km. The observation and simple modeling of modal interference spacing allowed the effective ionospheric height during summer over Europe to be estimated for day and night as 69 and 88.5 km, respectively, for 13.7 kHz. Wider distribution of sensor sites, lowering of the receiver frequency, and adaptation of the reference waveform selection criteria have been suggested to mitigate the effect of this interference on network performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0739-0572</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0426</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/2011JTECHA1527.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Atmospheric sciences ; Automation ; Correlation ; Distance ; Interference ; Ionosphere ; Ionospheric propagation ; Lightning ; Lightning location ; Locating ; Meteorology ; Night ; Propagation ; Propagation modes ; Sensors ; Very Low Frequencies ; Wave propagation ; Waveform analysis ; Waveforms ; Waveguides</subject><ispartof>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 2011-08, Vol.28 (8), p.993-1006</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2011</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Aug 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b5a1822ed0b329ad325d29ea0eb1106a73b33e0790fe37354fd2021e219f1d5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b5a1822ed0b329ad325d29ea0eb1106a73b33e0790fe37354fd2021e219f1d5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3679,27923,27924</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bennett, A J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffard, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nash, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Callaghan, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atkinson, N C</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique</title><title>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology</title><description>The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with distance to lightning have been observed and attributed to interference between different propagation modes within the earth–ionosphere waveguide. During the day, waveform correlations were significantly degraded at a distance of 450 km from the sensor, with the main degradations occurring during the night centered at propagation distances of 650 and 2150 km. The observation and simple modeling of modal interference spacing allowed the effective ionospheric height during summer over Europe to be estimated for day and night as 69 and 88.5 km, respectively, for 13.7 kHz. Wider distribution of sensor sites, lowering of the receiver frequency, and adaptation of the reference waveform selection criteria have been suggested to mitigate the effect of this interference on network performance.</description><subject>Atmospheric sciences</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Distance</subject><subject>Interference</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>Ionospheric propagation</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>Lightning location</subject><subject>Locating</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Night</subject><subject>Propagation</subject><subject>Propagation modes</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Very Low Frequencies</subject><subject>Wave propagation</subject><subject>Waveform analysis</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><subject>Waveguides</subject><issn>0739-0572</issn><issn>1520-0426</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp10Utv2zAMAGBhWIFlbe87CtuhJ2ckFVv2sQjSx-C2QJFsR0OxqcSdI7WSs2L_fiqySwv0RIL4QBKkEF8Qpog6_06A-GO5mF-dY056ih_EJCWQwYyKj2ICWlUZ5Jo-ic8xPgAAKiwm4nm5ZbmwlttReitvfGcGee1GDpYDu5ald_JnfSFr7zbZvXEblnW_2Y6ud5tUbM3YJ3HL47MPv6NcxZf6mJr-Mn_Y-rCTcx8CDwe35Hbr-qc9n4gja4bIp__jsVhdLJbzq6y-u7yen9dZqzSN2To3WBJxB2tFlekU5R1VbIDXiFAYrdZKMegKLCut8pntCAiZsLLY5Z06FmeHvo_Bp7FxbHZ9bHkYjGO_j01ZVagKlVdJfn0jH_w-uLRcQpQuN9OQ0Lf3EJVUEBTlrEwKDqoNPsbAtnkM_c6Evw1C8_Kt5vW3GlT_AAxIhoY</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>Bennett, A J</creator><creator>Gaffard, C</creator><creator>Nash, J</creator><creator>Callaghan, G</creator><creator>Atkinson, N C</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique</title><author>Bennett, A J ; Gaffard, C ; Nash, J ; Callaghan, G ; Atkinson, N C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-b5a1822ed0b329ad325d29ea0eb1106a73b33e0790fe37354fd2021e219f1d5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric sciences</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Distance</topic><topic>Interference</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>Ionospheric propagation</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>Lightning location</topic><topic>Locating</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Night</topic><topic>Propagation</topic><topic>Propagation modes</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Very Low Frequencies</topic><topic>Wave propagation</topic><topic>Waveform analysis</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><topic>Waveguides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bennett, A J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffard, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nash, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Callaghan, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atkinson, N C</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Military Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Military Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bennett, A J</au><au>Gaffard, C</au><au>Nash, J</au><au>Callaghan, G</au><au>Atkinson, N C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique</atitle><jtitle>Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology</jtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>993</spage><epage>1006</epage><pages>993-1006</pages><issn>0739-0572</issn><eissn>1520-0426</eissn><abstract>The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with distance to lightning have been observed and attributed to interference between different propagation modes within the earth–ionosphere waveguide. During the day, waveform correlations were significantly degraded at a distance of 450 km from the sensor, with the main degradations occurring during the night centered at propagation distances of 650 and 2150 km. The observation and simple modeling of modal interference spacing allowed the effective ionospheric height during summer over Europe to be estimated for day and night as 69 and 88.5 km, respectively, for 13.7 kHz. Wider distribution of sensor sites, lowering of the receiver frequency, and adaptation of the reference waveform selection criteria have been suggested to mitigate the effect of this interference on network performance.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/2011JTECHA1527.1</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0739-0572 |
| ispartof | Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 2011-08, Vol.28 (8), p.993-1006 |
| issn | 0739-0572 1520-0426 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_899136359 |
| source | Alma/SFX Local Collection; EZB Electronic Journals Library; AMS Journals (Meteorology) |
| subjects | Atmospheric sciences Automation Correlation Distance Interference Ionosphere Ionospheric propagation Lightning Lightning location Locating Meteorology Night Propagation Propagation modes Sensors Very Low Frequencies Wave propagation Waveform analysis Waveforms Waveguides |
| title | The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-10T18%3A21%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Effect%20of%20Modal%20Interference%20on%20VLF%20Long-Range%20Lightning%20Location%20Networks%20Using%20the%20Waveform%20Correlation%20Technique&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20atmospheric%20and%20oceanic%20technology&rft.au=Bennett,%20A%20J&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=993&rft.epage=1006&rft.pages=993-1006&rft.issn=0739-0572&rft.eissn=1520-0426&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175/2011JTECHA1527.1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2826206848%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2826206848&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |