New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits
Objective This study aims to establish a superior procedure to prevent spinal cord damage after severe spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery. We examined the synergistic effect of topical hypothermia of the spinal cord combined with radical scavenger infusion into the clamped segment of the aor...
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| creator | Herlambang, Bagus, MD Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD |
| description | Objective This study aims to establish a superior procedure to prevent spinal cord damage after severe spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery. We examined the synergistic effect of topical hypothermia of the spinal cord combined with radical scavenger infusion into the clamped segment of the aorta to prevent spinal cord damage in an animal model. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by clamping the aorta between the renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 30 minutes. Rabbits were divided into four groups of 16 each: group I, sham-operated; group II, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg); group III, saline (6 mL, 4°C) with transvertebral cooling pads; group IV, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg) and transvertebral cooling pads. Solutions were injected into the clamped segment of the aorta. Postoperative assessments included the Tarlov score, spinal cord histopathology, and measurement of malondialdehyde levels in the spinal cord tissue. Results At 48 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.5, 1.9, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (54.1) and IV (53.7) than in groups II (32.8) and III (36.3; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (19.8 nmol/mL) and IV (22.6 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (64.8 nmol/mL) and III (60.9 nmol/mL; P < .001). At 168 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (52.9) and IV (50.8) than in groups II (22.4) and III (25.9; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (20.7 nmol/mL) and IV (23.4 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (68.9 nmol/mL) and III (61.6 nmol/mL; P < .001). Conclusion In a rabbit model with aortic clamping up to 30 minutes, which consistently produces complete paraplegia in rabbits, spinal cord damage was partially reduced by topical cooling with transvertebral cooling pads or the injection of edaravone into the clamped segment of aorta, but was more effectively protected by a combined use of these two strategies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.043 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_896529184</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>1_s2_0_S0741521411009554</els_id><sourcerecordid>896529184</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-64bcea7067c881e67e3ad6603ba04ca47b7f42c5b223c21dcf2e8a7e5ac3e0483</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS0EotvCB-CCfEGcsoz_xHaEhAQVhUpVOQBny3EmqkMSL3ZS1G-Pl11A6qHSSHP5vZmn9wh5wWDLgKk3w3a4zVsOjG1BlhGPyIZBoytloHlMNqAlq2rO5Ak5zXmAAtZGPyUnnJkGBIgN-XCNv-iEy03saB8TdW2O47ogzbswu5H6mDoasr_BKTi6S3FBv4Q40zDT5No2LPkZedK7MePz4z4j3y8-fjv_XF19-XR5_v6q8rVUS6Vk69FpUNobw1BpFK5TCkTrQHondat7yX3dci48Z53vORqnsXZeIEgjzsjrw93i4ueKebFTMYbj6GaMa7amUTVvmJGFZAfSp5hzwt7uUphcurMM7D45O9iSnN0nZ0GWEUXz8nh9bSfs_in-RlWAV0fAZe_GPrnZh_yfk3UjzZ_nbw8clixuAyabfcDZYxdSyc52MTxo4909tR_DHMrDH3iHeYhrKrVky2zmFuzXfcX7hhkDaOpait-v56At</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>896529184</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Herlambang, Bagus, MD ; Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD ; Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD ; Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD ; Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD ; Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD ; Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</creator><creatorcontrib>Herlambang, Bagus, MD ; Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD ; Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD ; Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD ; Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD ; Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD ; Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><description>Objective This study aims to establish a superior procedure to prevent spinal cord damage after severe spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery. We examined the synergistic effect of topical hypothermia of the spinal cord combined with radical scavenger infusion into the clamped segment of the aorta to prevent spinal cord damage in an animal model. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by clamping the aorta between the renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 30 minutes. Rabbits were divided into four groups of 16 each: group I, sham-operated; group II, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg); group III, saline (6 mL, 4°C) with transvertebral cooling pads; group IV, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg) and transvertebral cooling pads. Solutions were injected into the clamped segment of the aorta. Postoperative assessments included the Tarlov score, spinal cord histopathology, and measurement of malondialdehyde levels in the spinal cord tissue. Results At 48 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.5, 1.9, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (54.1) and IV (53.7) than in groups II (32.8) and III (36.3; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (19.8 nmol/mL) and IV (22.6 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (64.8 nmol/mL) and III (60.9 nmol/mL; P < .001). At 168 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (52.9) and IV (50.8) than in groups II (22.4) and III (25.9; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (20.7 nmol/mL) and IV (23.4 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (68.9 nmol/mL) and III (61.6 nmol/mL; P < .001). Conclusion In a rabbit model with aortic clamping up to 30 minutes, which consistently produces complete paraplegia in rabbits, spinal cord damage was partially reduced by topical cooling with transvertebral cooling pads or the injection of edaravone into the clamped segment of aorta, but was more effectively protected by a combined use of these two strategies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0741-5214</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6809</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21890303</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JVSUES</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Mosby, Inc</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Animals ; Antipyrine - administration & dosage ; Antipyrine - analogs & derivatives ; Aorta - surgery ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diseases of the aorta ; Free Radical Scavengers - administration & dosage ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Malondialdehyde - metabolism ; Medical sciences ; Motor Neurons - drug effects ; Motor Neurons - pathology ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuroprotective Agents - administration & dosage ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Paraplegia - prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury - metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury - pathology ; Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology ; Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spinal Cord Ischemia - metabolism ; Spinal Cord Ischemia - pathology ; Spinal Cord Ischemia - physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Ischemia - prevention & control ; Surgery ; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases ; Time Factors ; Vascular surgery: aorta, extremities, vena cava. Surgery of the lymphatic vessels ; Vascular Surgical Procedures - adverse effects]]></subject><ispartof>Journal of vascular surgery, 2011-10, Vol.54 (4), p.1109-1116</ispartof><rights>Society for Vascular Surgery</rights><rights>2011 Society for Vascular Surgery</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-64bcea7067c881e67e3ad6603ba04ca47b7f42c5b223c21dcf2e8a7e5ac3e0483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-64bcea7067c881e67e3ad6603ba04ca47b7f42c5b223c21dcf2e8a7e5ac3e0483</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.043$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24594884$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herlambang, Bagus, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits</title><title>Journal of vascular surgery</title><addtitle>J Vasc Surg</addtitle><description>Objective This study aims to establish a superior procedure to prevent spinal cord damage after severe spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery. We examined the synergistic effect of topical hypothermia of the spinal cord combined with radical scavenger infusion into the clamped segment of the aorta to prevent spinal cord damage in an animal model. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by clamping the aorta between the renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 30 minutes. Rabbits were divided into four groups of 16 each: group I, sham-operated; group II, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg); group III, saline (6 mL, 4°C) with transvertebral cooling pads; group IV, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg) and transvertebral cooling pads. Solutions were injected into the clamped segment of the aorta. Postoperative assessments included the Tarlov score, spinal cord histopathology, and measurement of malondialdehyde levels in the spinal cord tissue. Results At 48 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.5, 1.9, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (54.1) and IV (53.7) than in groups II (32.8) and III (36.3; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (19.8 nmol/mL) and IV (22.6 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (64.8 nmol/mL) and III (60.9 nmol/mL; P < .001). At 168 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (52.9) and IV (50.8) than in groups II (22.4) and III (25.9; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (20.7 nmol/mL) and IV (23.4 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (68.9 nmol/mL) and III (61.6 nmol/mL; P < .001). Conclusion In a rabbit model with aortic clamping up to 30 minutes, which consistently produces complete paraplegia in rabbits, spinal cord damage was partially reduced by topical cooling with transvertebral cooling pads or the injection of edaravone into the clamped segment of aorta, but was more effectively protected by a combined use of these two strategies.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antipyrine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antipyrine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Aorta - surgery</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Combined Modality Therapy</subject><subject>Constriction</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Diseases of the aorta</subject><subject>Free Radical Scavengers - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Hypothermia, Induced</subject><subject>Infusions, Intra-Arterial</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - drug effects</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - pathology</subject><subject>Neurologic Examination</subject><subject>Neuroprotective Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Paraplegia - prevention & control</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - metabolism</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - pathology</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Ischemia - metabolism</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Ischemia - pathology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Ischemia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Ischemia - prevention & control</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vascular surgery: aorta, extremities, vena cava. Surgery of the lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Vascular Surgical Procedures - adverse effects</subject><issn>0741-5214</issn><issn>1097-6809</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS0EotvCB-CCfEGcsoz_xHaEhAQVhUpVOQBny3EmqkMSL3ZS1G-Pl11A6qHSSHP5vZmn9wh5wWDLgKk3w3a4zVsOjG1BlhGPyIZBoytloHlMNqAlq2rO5Ak5zXmAAtZGPyUnnJkGBIgN-XCNv-iEy03saB8TdW2O47ogzbswu5H6mDoasr_BKTi6S3FBv4Q40zDT5No2LPkZedK7MePz4z4j3y8-fjv_XF19-XR5_v6q8rVUS6Vk69FpUNobw1BpFK5TCkTrQHondat7yX3dci48Z53vORqnsXZeIEgjzsjrw93i4ueKebFTMYbj6GaMa7amUTVvmJGFZAfSp5hzwt7uUphcurMM7D45O9iSnN0nZ0GWEUXz8nh9bSfs_in-RlWAV0fAZe_GPrnZh_yfk3UjzZ_nbw8clixuAyabfcDZYxdSyc52MTxo4909tR_DHMrDH3iHeYhrKrVky2zmFuzXfcX7hhkDaOpait-v56At</recordid><startdate>20111001</startdate><enddate>20111001</enddate><creator>Herlambang, Bagus, MD</creator><creator>Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</creator><general>Mosby, Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111001</creationdate><title>New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits</title><author>Herlambang, Bagus, MD ; Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD ; Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD ; Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD ; Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD ; Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD ; Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-64bcea7067c881e67e3ad6603ba04ca47b7f42c5b223c21dcf2e8a7e5ac3e0483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antipyrine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antipyrine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Aorta - surgery</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Blood and lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Combined Modality Therapy</topic><topic>Constriction</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Diseases of the aorta</topic><topic>Free Radical Scavengers - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Hypothermia, Induced</topic><topic>Infusions, Intra-Arterial</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - drug effects</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - pathology</topic><topic>Neurologic Examination</topic><topic>Neuroprotective Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Paraplegia - prevention & control</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - metabolism</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - pathology</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Ischemia - metabolism</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Ischemia - pathology</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Ischemia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Ischemia - prevention & control</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vascular surgery: aorta, extremities, vena cava. Surgery of the lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>Vascular Surgical Procedures - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herlambang, Bagus, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of vascular surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herlambang, Bagus, MD</au><au>Orihashi, Kazumasa, MD, PhD</au><au>Mizukami, Taketomo, MD, PhD</au><au>Takahashi, Shinya, MD, PhD</au><au>Uchida, Naomichi, MD, PhD</au><au>Hiyama, Eiso, MD, PhD</au><au>Sueda, Taijiro, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits</atitle><jtitle>Journal of vascular surgery</jtitle><addtitle>J Vasc Surg</addtitle><date>2011-10-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1109</spage><epage>1116</epage><pages>1109-1116</pages><issn>0741-5214</issn><eissn>1097-6809</eissn><coden>JVSUES</coden><abstract>Objective This study aims to establish a superior procedure to prevent spinal cord damage after severe spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery. We examined the synergistic effect of topical hypothermia of the spinal cord combined with radical scavenger infusion into the clamped segment of the aorta to prevent spinal cord damage in an animal model. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by clamping the aorta between the renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 30 minutes. Rabbits were divided into four groups of 16 each: group I, sham-operated; group II, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg); group III, saline (6 mL, 4°C) with transvertebral cooling pads; group IV, edaravone (6 mL, 4°C, 1 mg/kg) and transvertebral cooling pads. Solutions were injected into the clamped segment of the aorta. Postoperative assessments included the Tarlov score, spinal cord histopathology, and measurement of malondialdehyde levels in the spinal cord tissue. Results At 48 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.5, 1.9, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (54.1) and IV (53.7) than in groups II (32.8) and III (36.3; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (19.8 nmol/mL) and IV (22.6 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (64.8 nmol/mL) and III (60.9 nmol/mL; P < .001). At 168 hours after reperfusion, the mean Tarlov scores in groups I, II, III, and IV were 4.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 4.0, respectively. The mean number of normal motor neurons was significantly higher in groups I (52.9) and IV (50.8) than in groups II (22.4) and III (25.9; P < .001). The mean malondialdehyde level in groups I (20.7 nmol/mL) and IV (23.4 nmol/mL) was significantly lower than in groups II (68.9 nmol/mL) and III (61.6 nmol/mL; P < .001). Conclusion In a rabbit model with aortic clamping up to 30 minutes, which consistently produces complete paraplegia in rabbits, spinal cord damage was partially reduced by topical cooling with transvertebral cooling pads or the injection of edaravone into the clamped segment of aorta, but was more effectively protected by a combined use of these two strategies.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Mosby, Inc</pub><pmid>21890303</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jvs.2011.04.043</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Antipyrine - administration & dosage Antipyrine - analogs & derivatives Aorta - surgery Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - metabolism Blood and lymphatic vessels Cardiology. Vascular system Combined Modality Therapy Constriction Disease Models, Animal Diseases of the aorta Free Radical Scavengers - administration & dosage Hypothermia, Induced Infusions, Intra-Arterial Malondialdehyde - metabolism Medical sciences Motor Neurons - drug effects Motor Neurons - pathology Neurologic Examination Neuroprotective Agents - administration & dosage Oxidative Stress - drug effects Paraplegia - prevention & control Rabbits Reperfusion Injury - metabolism Reperfusion Injury - pathology Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control Severity of Illness Index Spinal Cord Ischemia - metabolism Spinal Cord Ischemia - pathology Spinal Cord Ischemia - physiopathology Spinal Cord Ischemia - prevention & control Surgery Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases Time Factors Vascular surgery: aorta, extremities, vena cava. Surgery of the lymphatic vessels Vascular Surgical Procedures - adverse effects |
| title | New method for absolute spinal cord ischemia protection in rabbits |
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