Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization
Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima) is the only raw material for manufacturing paper pulp in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. Soda lignin (SL) is obtained from black liquor (BL), a byproduct of manufacturing paper from alfa grass. This work was aimed at modifying SL and using it as a polymer lubricant. Mod...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied polymer science 2010-02, Vol.115 (3), p.1546-1554 |
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description | Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima) is the only raw material for manufacturing paper pulp in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. Soda lignin (SL) is obtained from black liquor (BL), a byproduct of manufacturing paper from alfa grass. This work was aimed at modifying SL and using it as a polymer lubricant. Modified SL was obtained in two steps: the precipitation of BL at pH 4 with sulfuric acid (2N) followed by the modification of SL by esterification using stearic anhydride (SA) dissolved in dioxane at 50°C for 8 h. The effects of different contents of SA on the hydrophobic properties and heat stability of modified SL were evaluated with contact angle analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A commercial stearate used in plastic processing was chosen as the reference. Its thermal properties were ascertained with thermogravimetry, and its behavior was similar to that of the modified lignins. A structural comparison study was performed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C-NMR. The FTIR and ¹³C-NMR results showed that there were significant differences between the main structures of SL samples reacted with 10, 30, or 100% (w/w) SA. The main part of the work consisted of modifying SL, evaluating the properties of the obtained products with respect to their use as lubricants, and comparing them to industrial lubricants. |
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I. Modification and characterization</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><creator>Nadji, H ; Bedard, Y ; Benaboura, A ; Rodrigue, D ; Stevanovic, T ; Riedl, B</creator><creatorcontrib>Nadji, H ; Bedard, Y ; Benaboura, A ; Rodrigue, D ; Stevanovic, T ; Riedl, B</creatorcontrib><description>Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima) is the only raw material for manufacturing paper pulp in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. Soda lignin (SL) is obtained from black liquor (BL), a byproduct of manufacturing paper from alfa grass. This work was aimed at modifying SL and using it as a polymer lubricant. Modified SL was obtained in two steps: the precipitation of BL at pH 4 with sulfuric acid (2N) followed by the modification of SL by esterification using stearic anhydride (SA) dissolved in dioxane at 50°C for 8 h. The effects of different contents of SA on the hydrophobic properties and heat stability of modified SL were evaluated with contact angle analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A commercial stearate used in plastic processing was chosen as the reference. Its thermal properties were ascertained with thermogravimetry, and its behavior was similar to that of the modified lignins. A structural comparison study was performed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C-NMR. The FTIR and ¹³C-NMR results showed that there were significant differences between the main structures of SL samples reacted with 10, 30, or 100% (w/w) SA. The main part of the work consisted of modifying SL, evaluating the properties of the obtained products with respect to their use as lubricants, and comparing them to industrial lubricants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8995</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1097-4628</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/app.31141</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPNAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Anhydrides ; Applied sciences ; Contact angle ; Derivatives ; Dissolution ; esterification ; Exact sciences and technology ; FT-IR ; Grasses ; Lignin and derivatives ; Lubricants ; Natural polymers ; NMR ; Physicochemistry of polymers ; Reproduction ; Thermal properties ; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied polymer science, 2010-02, Vol.115 (3), p.1546-1554</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4261-a7d7cab0b3c3b92bd36d279a95c81739fab27fca56ea7a13376e6d752895fc5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4261-a7d7cab0b3c3b92bd36d279a95c81739fab27fca56ea7a13376e6d752895fc5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fapp.31141$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fapp.31141$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22363030$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nadji, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedard, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benaboura, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigue, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevanovic, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riedl, B</creatorcontrib><title>Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization</title><title>Journal of applied polymer science</title><addtitle>J. Appl. Polym. Sci</addtitle><description>Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima) is the only raw material for manufacturing paper pulp in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. Soda lignin (SL) is obtained from black liquor (BL), a byproduct of manufacturing paper from alfa grass. This work was aimed at modifying SL and using it as a polymer lubricant. Modified SL was obtained in two steps: the precipitation of BL at pH 4 with sulfuric acid (2N) followed by the modification of SL by esterification using stearic anhydride (SA) dissolved in dioxane at 50°C for 8 h. The effects of different contents of SA on the hydrophobic properties and heat stability of modified SL were evaluated with contact angle analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A commercial stearate used in plastic processing was chosen as the reference. Its thermal properties were ascertained with thermogravimetry, and its behavior was similar to that of the modified lignins. A structural comparison study was performed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C-NMR. The FTIR and ¹³C-NMR results showed that there were significant differences between the main structures of SL samples reacted with 10, 30, or 100% (w/w) SA. The main part of the work consisted of modifying SL, evaluating the properties of the obtained products with respect to their use as lubricants, and comparing them to industrial lubricants.</description><subject>Anhydrides</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Contact angle</subject><subject>Derivatives</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>esterification</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>FT-IR</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>Lignin and derivatives</subject><subject>Lubricants</subject><subject>Natural polymers</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Physicochemistry of polymers</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Thermal properties</subject><subject>thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</subject><issn>0021-8995</issn><issn>1097-4628</issn><issn>1097-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1PFDEYgBujiSt68BfYixEOs_Rjp50eCZGFBAVdEW7NO_1Yq7PTsZ1F8ddbGOCmpybt8z7p-yD0mpI5JYTtwzDMOaUL-gTNKFGyWgjWPEWz8karRqn6OXqR83dCKK2JmKHhK3RbV4G1zmLrUriGMVy7jKPHOVrAXVj3occ-xQ2GzgNeJ8gZ767GMAAeXQ8m5Bw2sDfHJ3P8IdrggymS2GPoLTbfIIEZi_nP3eVL9MxDl92r-3MHXRy9_3J4XJ2eLU8OD04rs2CCViCtNNCSlhveKtZaLiyTClRtGiq58tAy6Q3UwoEEyrkUTlhZs0bV3tSW76B3k3dI8efW5VFvQjau66B3cZt1owSjqmlkIXf_S1IhKS_BGCno3oSaFHNOzushldXTjaZE3_bXpb--61_Yt_dayKaUS9CXUo8DjHHBCb917k_cr9C5m38L9cH5-YO5miZCHt3vxwlIP7SQXNb68uNSX16R1Wd19UkvC_9m4j1EDetUfnGxYqQsRSURQtX8L670rIw</recordid><startdate>20100205</startdate><enddate>20100205</enddate><creator>Nadji, H</creator><creator>Bedard, Y</creator><creator>Benaboura, A</creator><creator>Rodrigue, D</creator><creator>Stevanovic, T</creator><creator>Riedl, B</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100205</creationdate><title>Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization</title><author>Nadji, H ; Bedard, Y ; Benaboura, A ; Rodrigue, D ; Stevanovic, T ; Riedl, B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4261-a7d7cab0b3c3b92bd36d279a95c81739fab27fca56ea7a13376e6d752895fc5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Anhydrides</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Contact angle</topic><topic>Derivatives</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>esterification</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>FT-IR</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>Lignin and derivatives</topic><topic>Lubricants</topic><topic>Natural polymers</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Physicochemistry of polymers</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Thermal properties</topic><topic>thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nadji, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedard, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benaboura, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigue, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevanovic, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riedl, B</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nadji, H</au><au>Bedard, Y</au><au>Benaboura, A</au><au>Rodrigue, D</au><au>Stevanovic, T</au><au>Riedl, B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied polymer science</jtitle><addtitle>J. Appl. Polym. Sci</addtitle><date>2010-02-05</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1546</spage><epage>1554</epage><pages>1546-1554</pages><issn>0021-8995</issn><issn>1097-4628</issn><eissn>1097-4628</eissn><coden>JAPNAB</coden><abstract>Alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima) is the only raw material for manufacturing paper pulp in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. Soda lignin (SL) is obtained from black liquor (BL), a byproduct of manufacturing paper from alfa grass. This work was aimed at modifying SL and using it as a polymer lubricant. Modified SL was obtained in two steps: the precipitation of BL at pH 4 with sulfuric acid (2N) followed by the modification of SL by esterification using stearic anhydride (SA) dissolved in dioxane at 50°C for 8 h. The effects of different contents of SA on the hydrophobic properties and heat stability of modified SL were evaluated with contact angle analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A commercial stearate used in plastic processing was chosen as the reference. Its thermal properties were ascertained with thermogravimetry, and its behavior was similar to that of the modified lignins. A structural comparison study was performed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C-NMR. The FTIR and ¹³C-NMR results showed that there were significant differences between the main structures of SL samples reacted with 10, 30, or 100% (w/w) SA. The main part of the work consisted of modifying SL, evaluating the properties of the obtained products with respect to their use as lubricants, and comparing them to industrial lubricants.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><doi>10.1002/app.31141</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anhydrides Applied sciences Contact angle Derivatives Dissolution esterification Exact sciences and technology FT-IR Grasses Lignin and derivatives Lubricants Natural polymers NMR Physicochemistry of polymers Reproduction Thermal properties thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) |
title | Value-added derivatives of soda lignin from alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima). I. Modification and characterization |
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