Characterization of sodium chloride crystals grown in microgravity
NaCl crystals grown by the evaporation of an aqueous salt solution in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) were characterized and compared to salt crystals grown on earth. NaCl crystallized as thin wafers in a supersaturated film of 200–700 μm thickness and 50 mm diameter, or as hop...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of crystal growth 2011-06, Vol.324 (1), p.207-211 |
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| creator | Fontana, Pietro Schefer, Jürg Pettit, Donald |
| description | NaCl crystals grown by the evaporation of an aqueous salt solution in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) were characterized and compared to salt crystals grown on earth. NaCl crystallized as thin wafers in a supersaturated film of 200–700
μm thickness and 50
mm diameter, or as hopper cubes in 10
mm diameter supersaturated spheres. Neutron diffraction shows no change in crystal structure and in cell parameters compared to earth-grown crystals. However, the morphology can be different, frequently showing circular, disk-like shapes of single crystals with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disks, an unusual morphology for salt crystals. In contrast to the growth on earth the lateral faces of the microgravity tabular hopper crystals are symmetrical because they are free floating during the crystallization process. Hopper cubes were produced without the need to suspend the growing crystals by an ongoing stirring. “Fleur de Sel” is shown as an example of two-dimensional growth of salt on earth and compared to the space grown crystals. It is shown that in microgravity conditions brine fluid inclusions form within the salt crystals.
► In microgravity, sodium chloride (NaCl) has the same crystal structure with the same lattice constant
a. ► Unusual disk-like morphology observed in “two-dimensional” crystallizer in microgravity is a single crystal of salt (NaCl) with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disk. ► Morphology of lateral faces of the tabular hopper crystals are different in microgravity due to the presence of free floating crystals without convection, resulting in different mass transfer to the faces. ► In microgravity it is possible to form brine fluid inclusions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.04.001 |
| format | Article |
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μm thickness and 50
mm diameter, or as hopper cubes in 10
mm diameter supersaturated spheres. Neutron diffraction shows no change in crystal structure and in cell parameters compared to earth-grown crystals. However, the morphology can be different, frequently showing circular, disk-like shapes of single crystals with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disks, an unusual morphology for salt crystals. In contrast to the growth on earth the lateral faces of the microgravity tabular hopper crystals are symmetrical because they are free floating during the crystallization process. Hopper cubes were produced without the need to suspend the growing crystals by an ongoing stirring. “Fleur de Sel” is shown as an example of two-dimensional growth of salt on earth and compared to the space grown crystals. It is shown that in microgravity conditions brine fluid inclusions form within the salt crystals.
► In microgravity, sodium chloride (NaCl) has the same crystal structure with the same lattice constant
a. ► Unusual disk-like morphology observed in “two-dimensional” crystallizer in microgravity is a single crystal of salt (NaCl) with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disk. ► Morphology of lateral faces of the tabular hopper crystals are different in microgravity due to the presence of free floating crystals without convection, resulting in different mass transfer to the faces. ► In microgravity it is possible to form brine fluid inclusions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0248</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5002</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.04.001</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCRGAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>A1. Crystal morphology ; A1. Crystal structure ; A1. Hopper crystals ; A1. Skeletal crystals ; A2. Microgravity conditions ; B1. Salt (sodium chloride) ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Crystals ; Earth ; Exact sciences and technology ; Growth in microgravity environments ; Hoppers ; International Space Station ; Materials science ; Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth ; Microgravity ; Morphology ; Neutron diffraction and scattering ; Physics ; Single-crystal and powder diffraction ; Sodium chloride ; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography ; Structure of specific crystalline solids ; Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation</subject><ispartof>Journal of crystal growth, 2011-06, Vol.324 (1), p.207-211</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-5ad92a75d524ef21b5807b4f7c98e0424c6ea9739bf3d5e295f11d287b695903</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-5ad92a75d524ef21b5807b4f7c98e0424c6ea9739bf3d5e295f11d287b695903</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024811003575$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24276902$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fontana, Pietro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schefer, Jürg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pettit, Donald</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of sodium chloride crystals grown in microgravity</title><title>Journal of crystal growth</title><description>NaCl crystals grown by the evaporation of an aqueous salt solution in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) were characterized and compared to salt crystals grown on earth. NaCl crystallized as thin wafers in a supersaturated film of 200–700
μm thickness and 50
mm diameter, or as hopper cubes in 10
mm diameter supersaturated spheres. Neutron diffraction shows no change in crystal structure and in cell parameters compared to earth-grown crystals. However, the morphology can be different, frequently showing circular, disk-like shapes of single crystals with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disks, an unusual morphology for salt crystals. In contrast to the growth on earth the lateral faces of the microgravity tabular hopper crystals are symmetrical because they are free floating during the crystallization process. Hopper cubes were produced without the need to suspend the growing crystals by an ongoing stirring. “Fleur de Sel” is shown as an example of two-dimensional growth of salt on earth and compared to the space grown crystals. It is shown that in microgravity conditions brine fluid inclusions form within the salt crystals.
► In microgravity, sodium chloride (NaCl) has the same crystal structure with the same lattice constant
a. ► Unusual disk-like morphology observed in “two-dimensional” crystallizer in microgravity is a single crystal of salt (NaCl) with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disk. ► Morphology of lateral faces of the tabular hopper crystals are different in microgravity due to the presence of free floating crystals without convection, resulting in different mass transfer to the faces. ► In microgravity it is possible to form brine fluid inclusions.</description><subject>A1. Crystal morphology</subject><subject>A1. Crystal structure</subject><subject>A1. Hopper crystals</subject><subject>A1. Skeletal crystals</subject><subject>A2. Microgravity conditions</subject><subject>B1. Salt (sodium chloride)</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Growth in microgravity environments</subject><subject>Hoppers</subject><subject>International Space Station</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth</subject><subject>Microgravity</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Neutron diffraction and scattering</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Single-crystal and powder diffraction</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</subject><subject>Structure of specific crystalline solids</subject><subject>Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation</subject><issn>0022-0248</issn><issn>1873-5002</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EEqXwCygbxCph7NhJvAMqXlIlNt1bjh-tozQudlpUvh5XBbZsZhZz7tyZi9A1hgIDru66olNhH5fBFwQwLoAWAPgETXBTlzkDIKdokirJgdDmHF3E2EEiKgwT9DhbySDVaIL7kqPzQ-ZtFr1223WmVr0PTpvssH6UfcySx-eQuSFbOxX8MsidG_eX6Mymobn66VO0eH5azF7z-fvL2-xhnitKYcyZ1JzImmlGqLEEt6yBuqW2VrwxQAlVlZG8LnlrS80M4cxirElTtxVnHMopuj2u3QT_sTVxFGsXlel7ORi_jaJpOCUAjCeyOpLpxhiDsWIT3FqGvcAgDpGJTvxGJg6RCaAiBZKENz8WMirZ2yAH5eKfmlBSVxxI4u6PnEnv7pwJIipnBmW0C0aNQnv3n9U3Ap6F1w</recordid><startdate>20110601</startdate><enddate>20110601</enddate><creator>Fontana, Pietro</creator><creator>Schefer, Jürg</creator><creator>Pettit, Donald</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110601</creationdate><title>Characterization of sodium chloride crystals grown in microgravity</title><author>Fontana, Pietro ; Schefer, Jürg ; Pettit, Donald</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-5ad92a75d524ef21b5807b4f7c98e0424c6ea9739bf3d5e295f11d287b695903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>A1. Crystal morphology</topic><topic>A1. Crystal structure</topic><topic>A1. Hopper crystals</topic><topic>A1. Skeletal crystals</topic><topic>A2. Microgravity conditions</topic><topic>B1. Salt (sodium chloride)</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Growth in microgravity environments</topic><topic>Hoppers</topic><topic>International Space Station</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth</topic><topic>Microgravity</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Neutron diffraction and scattering</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Single-crystal and powder diffraction</topic><topic>Sodium chloride</topic><topic>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</topic><topic>Structure of specific crystalline solids</topic><topic>Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fontana, Pietro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schefer, Jürg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pettit, Donald</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of crystal growth</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fontana, Pietro</au><au>Schefer, Jürg</au><au>Pettit, Donald</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of sodium chloride crystals grown in microgravity</atitle><jtitle>Journal of crystal growth</jtitle><date>2011-06-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>324</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>207</spage><epage>211</epage><pages>207-211</pages><issn>0022-0248</issn><eissn>1873-5002</eissn><coden>JCRGAE</coden><abstract>NaCl crystals grown by the evaporation of an aqueous salt solution in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) were characterized and compared to salt crystals grown on earth. NaCl crystallized as thin wafers in a supersaturated film of 200–700
μm thickness and 50
mm diameter, or as hopper cubes in 10
mm diameter supersaturated spheres. Neutron diffraction shows no change in crystal structure and in cell parameters compared to earth-grown crystals. However, the morphology can be different, frequently showing circular, disk-like shapes of single crystals with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disks, an unusual morphology for salt crystals. In contrast to the growth on earth the lateral faces of the microgravity tabular hopper crystals are symmetrical because they are free floating during the crystallization process. Hopper cubes were produced without the need to suspend the growing crystals by an ongoing stirring. “Fleur de Sel” is shown as an example of two-dimensional growth of salt on earth and compared to the space grown crystals. It is shown that in microgravity conditions brine fluid inclusions form within the salt crystals.
► In microgravity, sodium chloride (NaCl) has the same crystal structure with the same lattice constant
a. ► Unusual disk-like morphology observed in “two-dimensional” crystallizer in microgravity is a single crystal of salt (NaCl) with 〈1
1
1〉 perpendicular to the disk. ► Morphology of lateral faces of the tabular hopper crystals are different in microgravity due to the presence of free floating crystals without convection, resulting in different mass transfer to the faces. ► In microgravity it is possible to form brine fluid inclusions.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.04.001</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | A1. Crystal morphology A1. Crystal structure A1. Hopper crystals A1. Skeletal crystals A2. Microgravity conditions B1. Salt (sodium chloride) Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Crystals Earth Exact sciences and technology Growth in microgravity environments Hoppers International Space Station Materials science Methods of crystal growth physics of crystal growth Microgravity Morphology Neutron diffraction and scattering Physics Single-crystal and powder diffraction Sodium chloride Structure of solids and liquids crystallography Structure of specific crystalline solids Theory and models of crystal growth physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation |
| title | Characterization of sodium chloride crystals grown in microgravity |
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