Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory process in the digestive tract and patients with IBD develop osteopenia. Although vitamins K and D are important for maintaining bone health and inhibiting inflammation, their roles in patients with IBD are not clear. We i...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2011-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1023-1028
Hauptverfasser: Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D, Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D, Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D, Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D, Kondo, Jumpei, M.D, Inoue, Takahiro, M.D, Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D, Ying, Jin, M.D, Mukai, Akira, M.D, Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D, Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D, Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D, Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D, Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D
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container_end_page 1028
container_issue 10
container_start_page 1023
container_title Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
container_volume 27
creator Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D
Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D
Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D
Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D
Kondo, Jumpei, M.D
Inoue, Takahiro, M.D
Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D
Ying, Jin, M.D
Mukai, Akira, M.D
Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D
Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D
Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D
Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D
Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D
description Abstract Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory process in the digestive tract and patients with IBD develop osteopenia. Although vitamins K and D are important for maintaining bone health and inhibiting inflammation, their roles in patients with IBD are not clear. We investigated the roles of vitamins K and D in the bone health and inflammation in patients with IBD. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease [CD], n = 47, and ulcerative colitis [UC], n = 40) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin K and D levels of patients with IBD and healthy volunteers ( n = 41) were evaluated by measuring serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Clinical activity index was evaluated in patients with CD and UC. Results BMD was low in patients with CD and UC. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD, but not with UC, compared with healthy subjects, indicating that bone vitamin K is insufficient in patients with CD. The levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly correlated with the clinical activity index of CD, although they were not correlated with BMD. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower in patients with CD and UC than in healthy subjects. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were inversely correlated with BMD in patients with UC and were not correlated with the clinical activity index of CD. Conclusion Vitamins K and D are insufficient in patients with IBD. Insufficiency of vitamin K is suggested to be associated with inflammatory processes of CD.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.021
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Although vitamins K and D are important for maintaining bone health and inhibiting inflammation, their roles in patients with IBD are not clear. We investigated the roles of vitamins K and D in the bone health and inflammation in patients with IBD. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease [CD], n = 47, and ulcerative colitis [UC], n = 40) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin K and D levels of patients with IBD and healthy volunteers ( n = 41) were evaluated by measuring serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Clinical activity index was evaluated in patients with CD and UC. Results BMD was low in patients with CD and UC. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD, but not with UC, compared with healthy subjects, indicating that bone vitamin K is insufficient in patients with CD. The levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly correlated with the clinical activity index of CD, although they were not correlated with BMD. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower in patients with CD and UC than in healthy subjects. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were inversely correlated with BMD in patients with UC and were not correlated with the clinical activity index of CD. Conclusion Vitamins K and D are insufficient in patients with IBD. Insufficiency of vitamin K is suggested to be associated with inflammatory processes of CD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0899-9007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1244</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21482072</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NUTRER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bone and Bones - metabolism ; Bone Density ; bone metabolism ; Bone mineral density ; Bones ; Clinical disease activity ; colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative - blood ; Colitis, Ulcerative - complications ; Crohn disease ; Crohn Disease - blood ; Crohn Disease - complications ; Cytokines ; digestive tract ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Hepatology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols - blood ; inflammation ; Inflammatory bowel disease ; International organizations ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Older people ; osteocalcin ; Osteocalcin - blood ; Osteopenia ; patients ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - complications ; vitamin deficiencies ; Vitamin K ; Vitamin K Deficiency - blood ; Vitamin K Deficiency - complications ; Vitamins ; volunteers</subject><ispartof>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2011-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1023-1028</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2011 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-d35a0871d97c16d1d1b2ed096998e35f65bce614a544bf625c884e6f5c187a103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-d35a0871d97c16d1d1b2ed096998e35f65bce614a544bf625c884e6f5c187a103</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1130335851?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=24572757$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21482072$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondo, Jumpei, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inoue, Takahiro, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ying, Jin, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukai, Akira, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><title>Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease</title><title>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</title><addtitle>Nutrition</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory process in the digestive tract and patients with IBD develop osteopenia. Although vitamins K and D are important for maintaining bone health and inhibiting inflammation, their roles in patients with IBD are not clear. We investigated the roles of vitamins K and D in the bone health and inflammation in patients with IBD. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease [CD], n = 47, and ulcerative colitis [UC], n = 40) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin K and D levels of patients with IBD and healthy volunteers ( n = 41) were evaluated by measuring serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Clinical activity index was evaluated in patients with CD and UC. Results BMD was low in patients with CD and UC. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD, but not with UC, compared with healthy subjects, indicating that bone vitamin K is insufficient in patients with CD. The levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly correlated with the clinical activity index of CD, although they were not correlated with BMD. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower in patients with CD and UC than in healthy subjects. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were inversely correlated with BMD in patients with UC and were not correlated with the clinical activity index of CD. Conclusion Vitamins K and D are insufficient in patients with IBD. Insufficiency of vitamin K is suggested to be associated with inflammatory processes of CD.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - metabolism</subject><subject>Bone Density</subject><subject>bone metabolism</subject><subject>Bone mineral density</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Clinical disease activity</subject><subject>colitis</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - blood</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - complications</subject><subject>Crohn disease</subject><subject>Crohn Disease - blood</subject><subject>Crohn Disease - complications</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>digestive tract</subject><subject>dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxycholecalciferols - blood</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammatory bowel disease</subject><subject>International organizations</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>osteocalcin</subject><subject>Osteocalcin - blood</subject><subject>Osteopenia</subject><subject>patients</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - complications</subject><subject>vitamin deficiencies</subject><subject>Vitamin K</subject><subject>Vitamin K Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin K Deficiency - complications</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><subject>volunteers</subject><issn>0899-9007</issn><issn>1873-1244</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks1u1DAUhSMEokPhAdiAJYRYZfBN7NgRElJV8ScqsShdW459Ax4Su9hOq3l7PJ1pK3XBKnL0nePrc25VvQS6Bgrd-83aL3nd0JvzmjbwqFqBFG0NDWOPqxWVfV_3lIqj6llKG0op9F3_tDpqgMmGimZV5ZOUgnE6u-BJGMmVy3p2nnwnFkdnHHqzJdcu_yZD8EhmzHoIk0sz0d4SMznvjJ6IdQl1QqJNdsViS4qF8-Ok51nnELdFfY132PPqyainhC8O3-Pq4vOnn6df67MfX76dnpzVhsk-17blmkoBthcGOgsWhgYtLU_oJbZ87PhgsAOmOWPD2DXcSMmwG7kpIWig7XH1bu97GcPfBVNWs0sGp0l7DEtSUvYgRE-7Qr55QG7CEn0ZTgG0tG255FAo2FMmhpQijuoyulnHrQKqdo2ojSqNqF0ju1-lkaJ5dXBehhntneK2ggK8PQA6lSjHqL1x6Z5jXDSCi8K93nOjDkr_ioW5OC83sdKq6CTwQnzYE1gyvXIYVbopEK2LaLKywf130I8P1Lft_sEtpvs8VGoUVee75drtFpS1KjOw9h_hH8cN</recordid><startdate>20111001</startdate><enddate>20111001</enddate><creator>Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D</creator><creator>Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Kondo, Jumpei, M.D</creator><creator>Inoue, Takahiro, M.D</creator><creator>Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D</creator><creator>Ying, Jin, M.D</creator><creator>Mukai, Akira, M.D</creator><creator>Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D</creator><creator>Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111001</creationdate><title>Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease</title><author>Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D ; Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D ; Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D ; Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D ; Kondo, Jumpei, M.D ; Inoue, Takahiro, M.D ; Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D ; Ying, Jin, M.D ; Mukai, Akira, M.D ; Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D ; Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D ; Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D ; Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D ; Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-d35a0871d97c16d1d1b2ed096998e35f65bce614a544bf625c884e6f5c187a103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bone and Bones - metabolism</topic><topic>Bone Density</topic><topic>bone metabolism</topic><topic>Bone mineral density</topic><topic>Bones</topic><topic>Clinical disease activity</topic><topic>colitis</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - blood</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - complications</topic><topic>Crohn disease</topic><topic>Crohn Disease - blood</topic><topic>Crohn Disease - complications</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>digestive tract</topic><topic>dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry</topic><topic>Feeding. 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Technical Education Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nakajima, Sachiko, M.D</au><au>Iijima, Hideki, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Egawa, Satoshi, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Shinzaki, Shinichiro, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Kondo, Jumpei, M.D</au><au>Inoue, Takahiro, M.D</au><au>Hayashi, Yoshito, M.D</au><au>Ying, Jin, M.D</au><au>Mukai, Akira, M.D</au><au>Akasaka, Tomofumi, M.D</au><au>Nishida, Tsutomu, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Kanto, Tatsuya, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Tsujii, Masahiko, M.D., Ph.D</au><au>Hayashi, Norio, M.D., Ph.D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrition</addtitle><date>2011-10-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1023</spage><epage>1028</epage><pages>1023-1028</pages><issn>0899-9007</issn><eissn>1873-1244</eissn><coden>NUTRER</coden><abstract>Abstract Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory process in the digestive tract and patients with IBD develop osteopenia. Although vitamins K and D are important for maintaining bone health and inhibiting inflammation, their roles in patients with IBD are not clear. We investigated the roles of vitamins K and D in the bone health and inflammation in patients with IBD. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease [CD], n = 47, and ulcerative colitis [UC], n = 40) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin K and D levels of patients with IBD and healthy volunteers ( n = 41) were evaluated by measuring serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Clinical activity index was evaluated in patients with CD and UC. Results BMD was low in patients with CD and UC. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD, but not with UC, compared with healthy subjects, indicating that bone vitamin K is insufficient in patients with CD. The levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were significantly correlated with the clinical activity index of CD, although they were not correlated with BMD. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower in patients with CD and UC than in healthy subjects. The levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were inversely correlated with BMD in patients with UC and were not correlated with the clinical activity index of CD. Conclusion Vitamins K and D are insufficient in patients with IBD. Insufficiency of vitamin K is suggested to be associated with inflammatory processes of CD.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21482072</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.021</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0899-9007
ispartof Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2011-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1023-1028
issn 0899-9007
1873-1244
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_889177906
source MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier); ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
subjects Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Bone and Bones - metabolism
Bone Density
bone metabolism
Bone mineral density
Bones
Clinical disease activity
colitis
Colitis, Ulcerative - blood
Colitis, Ulcerative - complications
Crohn disease
Crohn Disease - blood
Crohn Disease - complications
Cytokines
digestive tract
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Hepatology
Homeostasis
Humans
Hydroxycholecalciferols - blood
inflammation
Inflammatory bowel disease
International organizations
Male
Middle Aged
Older people
osteocalcin
Osteocalcin - blood
Osteopenia
patients
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Vitamin D
Vitamin D Deficiency - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - complications
vitamin deficiencies
Vitamin K
Vitamin K Deficiency - blood
Vitamin K Deficiency - complications
Vitamins
volunteers
title Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease
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