INTERNAL SELECTION AGAINST THE EVOLUTION OF LEFT-RIGHT REVERSAL

Among metazoan species, left-right reversals in primary asymmetry have rarely gone to fixation. This suggests that a general mechanism suppresses the evolution of polarity reversal. Most metazoans appear externally symmetric and reproduce by external fertilization or copulation with genitalia locate...

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Veröffentlicht in:Evolution 2011-08, Vol.65 (8), p.2399-2411
Hauptverfasser: Utsuno, Hiroki, Asami, Takahiro, Van Dooren, Tom J. M., Gittenberger, Edmund
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container_title Evolution
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creator Utsuno, Hiroki
Asami, Takahiro
Van Dooren, Tom J. M.
Gittenberger, Edmund
description Among metazoan species, left-right reversals in primary asymmetry have rarely gone to fixation. This suggests that a general mechanism suppresses the evolution of polarity reversal. Most metazoans appear externally symmetric and reproduce by external fertilization or copulation with genitalia located in the midline. Thus, reversal should generate little exogenous disadvantage when interacting with the external environment or in mating with the common wild-type. Accordingly, an endogenously caused fitness reduction may be responsible for the general absence of reversed species. However, how this selection operates is little understood. Phenotypic changes associated with reversal are usually inseparable from zygotic pleiotropy. By exploiting hermaphroditism and the maternal inheritance of left-right polarity, we generated dextral and sinistrai snails that share the same zygotic genotype. Before hatching, these sinistrais developed lethal morphological anomalies more frequently than dextrals. Their shell shape at maturity differed from the mirror image of the dextral shell. These interchiral differences demonstrate pleiotropy in maternal effects of the polarity or linked genes. Variation in interchiral differences between parental crosses suggests the presence of epistatic variation in relative performance of sinistrais. Our results show that internal selection operates against polarity reversal, and we suggest that this is due to changes in blastomere configuration.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01293.x
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source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Access via Wiley Online Library; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)
subjects Animals
Biological Evolution
Centroids
Chirality
Embryos
Enantiomers
Epistasis, Genetic
Evolution
Evolution & development
Evolutionary genetics
Fertilization
Genetic Pleiotropy
Genetic variation
Genetics
Genitalia - anatomy & histology
Genitalia - physiology
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
homochirality
maternal epistasis
maternal inheritance
maternal pleiotropy
Mollusks
Morphology
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Phenotypic traits
Selection, Genetic
situs inversus
Snails
Snails - anatomy & histology
Snails - genetics
Snails - physiology
Zygote - growth & development
Zygote - metabolism
title INTERNAL SELECTION AGAINST THE EVOLUTION OF LEFT-RIGHT REVERSAL
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