Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management
► Nitrogen leaching was affected by location and use of catch crops. ► Nitrogen leaching was not affected by manure application and green manure. ► Autumn/winter soil management was the main determinant of N leaching. ► Residual effects of catch crops can increase N leaching. Two main challenges fac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2011-08, Vol.142 (3), p.149-160 |
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| creator | Askegaard, M. Olesen, J.E. Rasmussen, I.A. Kristensen, K. |
| description | ► Nitrogen leaching was affected by location and use of catch crops. ► Nitrogen leaching was not affected by manure application and green manure. ► Autumn/winter soil management was the main determinant of N leaching. ► Residual effects of catch crops can increase N leaching.
Two main challenges facing organic arable farming are the supply of nitrogen (N) to the crop and the control of perennial weeds. Nitrate leaching from different organic arable crop rotations was investigated over three consecutive four-year crop rotations in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark (12 years in total). The experimental treatments were: (i) crop rotation, (ii) catch crop and (iii) animal manure. Nitrate leaching was estimated from measured soil nitrate concentration in ceramic suction cells and modelled drainage. There were significant effects on annual N leaching of location (coarse sand
>
loamy sand
>
sandy loam) and catch crops (without
>
with). Including a grass-clover green manure on 25% of the area did not increase N leaching compared with crop rotations without green manure. Also the application of animal manure did not influence N leaching, probably because even in the manured treatments the application rate was lower than crop demand. The results identify management of crop and soil during autumn as the main determinant of N leaching. Nitrate leaching was lowest for a catch crop soil cover during autumn and winter (avg. 20
kg
N
ha
−1), a soil cover of weeds/volunteers had on avg. 30
kg
N
ha
−1, and the largest N leaching losses were found after stubble cultivation (avg. 55
kg
N
ha
−1). The N leaching losses increased with increasing number of autumn soil cultivations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_888102365</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0167880911001344</els_id><sourcerecordid>1777100611</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-2ae8c7322af935f7949338d63016500a65f286786935e5ef63f7d975ed4fee273</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE2LFDEQhoMoOI7-AS_mInrpNl_dSYMXWdRdWPSgew616cqYoTsZk8zC_HszzOJx65JDPfXy5iHkLWc9Z3z8tO9hh9gLxnnPVM-4ekY23GjZCcmG52TTIN0Zw6aX5FUpe9ZGSLMh7keoGSrSBcH9CXFHfU4rTXkHMTgKGe4XpC6nA82pQg0pFhoKXVOpy4nOWDGvIeJM708UjvW4RuoDLjNdIbZOK8b6mrzwsBR88_huyd23r7-vrrvbn99vrr7cdk7xqXYC0DgthQA_ycHrSU1SmnmUrfvAGIyDF2bUZmxbHNCP0ut50gPOyiMKLbfkwyX3kNPfI5Zq11AcLgtETMdijTG8_XocGvnxSZJrrTljI-cNFRe0OSglo7eHHFbIJ8uZPbu3e3t2b8_uLVO2uW9H7x_zoThYfIboQvl_KZQyZmhVtuTdhfOQWkpuzN2vFqQY45MYzZn4fCGwiXsImG1xAaPDOWR01c4pPFXkH8dBoug</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777100611</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Askegaard, M. ; Olesen, J.E. ; Rasmussen, I.A. ; Kristensen, K.</creator><creatorcontrib>Askegaard, M. ; Olesen, J.E. ; Rasmussen, I.A. ; Kristensen, K.</creatorcontrib><description>► Nitrogen leaching was affected by location and use of catch crops. ► Nitrogen leaching was not affected by manure application and green manure. ► Autumn/winter soil management was the main determinant of N leaching. ► Residual effects of catch crops can increase N leaching.
Two main challenges facing organic arable farming are the supply of nitrogen (N) to the crop and the control of perennial weeds. Nitrate leaching from different organic arable crop rotations was investigated over three consecutive four-year crop rotations in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark (12 years in total). The experimental treatments were: (i) crop rotation, (ii) catch crop and (iii) animal manure. Nitrate leaching was estimated from measured soil nitrate concentration in ceramic suction cells and modelled drainage. There were significant effects on annual N leaching of location (coarse sand
>
loamy sand
>
sandy loam) and catch crops (without
>
with). Including a grass-clover green manure on 25% of the area did not increase N leaching compared with crop rotations without green manure. Also the application of animal manure did not influence N leaching, probably because even in the manured treatments the application rate was lower than crop demand. The results identify management of crop and soil during autumn as the main determinant of N leaching. Nitrate leaching was lowest for a catch crop soil cover during autumn and winter (avg. 20
kg
N
ha
−1), a soil cover of weeds/volunteers had on avg. 30
kg
N
ha
−1, and the largest N leaching losses were found after stubble cultivation (avg. 55
kg
N
ha
−1). The N leaching losses increased with increasing number of autumn soil cultivations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-8809</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2305</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEENDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Agricultural and farming systems ; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; animal manures ; application rate ; Arable land ; Autumn ; Biological and medical sciences ; Catch crop ; catch crops ; cover crops ; crop rotation ; Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage ; Crops ; drainage ; field crops ; field experimentation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agroecology ; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development ; Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns ; Green manure ; green manures ; Leaching ; Manure ; Nitrates ; nitrogen ; Organic farming ; Organic manure ; organic production ; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries ; Perennial weeds ; soil ; Soil (material) ; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments ; stubble ; Stubble cultivation ; tillage ; weed control ; Weeds ; winter</subject><ispartof>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2011-08, Vol.142 (3), p.149-160</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-2ae8c7322af935f7949338d63016500a65f286786935e5ef63f7d975ed4fee273</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-2ae8c7322af935f7949338d63016500a65f286786935e5ef63f7d975ed4fee273</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880911001344$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24488502$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Askegaard, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, J.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasmussen, I.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kristensen, K.</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management</title><title>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title><description>► Nitrogen leaching was affected by location and use of catch crops. ► Nitrogen leaching was not affected by manure application and green manure. ► Autumn/winter soil management was the main determinant of N leaching. ► Residual effects of catch crops can increase N leaching.
Two main challenges facing organic arable farming are the supply of nitrogen (N) to the crop and the control of perennial weeds. Nitrate leaching from different organic arable crop rotations was investigated over three consecutive four-year crop rotations in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark (12 years in total). The experimental treatments were: (i) crop rotation, (ii) catch crop and (iii) animal manure. Nitrate leaching was estimated from measured soil nitrate concentration in ceramic suction cells and modelled drainage. There were significant effects on annual N leaching of location (coarse sand
>
loamy sand
>
sandy loam) and catch crops (without
>
with). Including a grass-clover green manure on 25% of the area did not increase N leaching compared with crop rotations without green manure. Also the application of animal manure did not influence N leaching, probably because even in the manured treatments the application rate was lower than crop demand. The results identify management of crop and soil during autumn as the main determinant of N leaching. Nitrate leaching was lowest for a catch crop soil cover during autumn and winter (avg. 20
kg
N
ha
−1), a soil cover of weeds/volunteers had on avg. 30
kg
N
ha
−1, and the largest N leaching losses were found after stubble cultivation (avg. 55
kg
N
ha
−1). The N leaching losses increased with increasing number of autumn soil cultivations.</description><subject>Agricultural and farming systems</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>animal manures</subject><subject>application rate</subject><subject>Arable land</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Catch crop</subject><subject>catch crops</subject><subject>cover crops</subject><subject>crop rotation</subject><subject>Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>drainage</subject><subject>field crops</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agroecology</subject><subject>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</subject><subject>Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns</subject><subject>Green manure</subject><subject>green manures</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Manure</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>nitrogen</subject><subject>Organic farming</subject><subject>Organic manure</subject><subject>organic production</subject><subject>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</subject><subject>Perennial weeds</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>Soil (material)</subject><subject>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments</subject><subject>stubble</subject><subject>Stubble cultivation</subject><subject>tillage</subject><subject>weed control</subject><subject>Weeds</subject><subject>winter</subject><issn>0167-8809</issn><issn>1873-2305</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE2LFDEQhoMoOI7-AS_mInrpNl_dSYMXWdRdWPSgew616cqYoTsZk8zC_HszzOJx65JDPfXy5iHkLWc9Z3z8tO9hh9gLxnnPVM-4ekY23GjZCcmG52TTIN0Zw6aX5FUpe9ZGSLMh7keoGSrSBcH9CXFHfU4rTXkHMTgKGe4XpC6nA82pQg0pFhoKXVOpy4nOWDGvIeJM708UjvW4RuoDLjNdIbZOK8b6mrzwsBR88_huyd23r7-vrrvbn99vrr7cdk7xqXYC0DgthQA_ycHrSU1SmnmUrfvAGIyDF2bUZmxbHNCP0ut50gPOyiMKLbfkwyX3kNPfI5Zq11AcLgtETMdijTG8_XocGvnxSZJrrTljI-cNFRe0OSglo7eHHFbIJ8uZPbu3e3t2b8_uLVO2uW9H7x_zoThYfIboQvl_KZQyZmhVtuTdhfOQWkpuzN2vFqQY45MYzZn4fCGwiXsImG1xAaPDOWR01c4pPFXkH8dBoug</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>Askegaard, M.</creator><creator>Olesen, J.E.</creator><creator>Rasmussen, I.A.</creator><creator>Kristensen, K.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management</title><author>Askegaard, M. ; Olesen, J.E. ; Rasmussen, I.A. ; Kristensen, K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-2ae8c7322af935f7949338d63016500a65f286786935e5ef63f7d975ed4fee273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Agricultural and farming systems</topic><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>animal manures</topic><topic>application rate</topic><topic>Arable land</topic><topic>Autumn</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Catch crop</topic><topic>catch crops</topic><topic>cover crops</topic><topic>crop rotation</topic><topic>Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>drainage</topic><topic>field crops</topic><topic>field experimentation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agroecology</topic><topic>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</topic><topic>Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns</topic><topic>Green manure</topic><topic>green manures</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Manure</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>nitrogen</topic><topic>Organic farming</topic><topic>Organic manure</topic><topic>organic production</topic><topic>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</topic><topic>Perennial weeds</topic><topic>soil</topic><topic>Soil (material)</topic><topic>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments</topic><topic>stubble</topic><topic>Stubble cultivation</topic><topic>tillage</topic><topic>weed control</topic><topic>Weeds</topic><topic>winter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Askegaard, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olesen, J.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasmussen, I.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kristensen, K.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Askegaard, M.</au><au>Olesen, J.E.</au><au>Rasmussen, I.A.</au><au>Kristensen, K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management</atitle><jtitle>Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</jtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>142</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>149</spage><epage>160</epage><pages>149-160</pages><issn>0167-8809</issn><eissn>1873-2305</eissn><coden>AEENDO</coden><abstract>► Nitrogen leaching was affected by location and use of catch crops. ► Nitrogen leaching was not affected by manure application and green manure. ► Autumn/winter soil management was the main determinant of N leaching. ► Residual effects of catch crops can increase N leaching.
Two main challenges facing organic arable farming are the supply of nitrogen (N) to the crop and the control of perennial weeds. Nitrate leaching from different organic arable crop rotations was investigated over three consecutive four-year crop rotations in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark (12 years in total). The experimental treatments were: (i) crop rotation, (ii) catch crop and (iii) animal manure. Nitrate leaching was estimated from measured soil nitrate concentration in ceramic suction cells and modelled drainage. There were significant effects on annual N leaching of location (coarse sand
>
loamy sand
>
sandy loam) and catch crops (without
>
with). Including a grass-clover green manure on 25% of the area did not increase N leaching compared with crop rotations without green manure. Also the application of animal manure did not influence N leaching, probably because even in the manured treatments the application rate was lower than crop demand. The results identify management of crop and soil during autumn as the main determinant of N leaching. Nitrate leaching was lowest for a catch crop soil cover during autumn and winter (avg. 20
kg
N
ha
−1), a soil cover of weeds/volunteers had on avg. 30
kg
N
ha
−1, and the largest N leaching losses were found after stubble cultivation (avg. 55
kg
N
ha
−1). The N leaching losses increased with increasing number of autumn soil cultivations.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Agricultural and farming systems Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions animal manures application rate Arable land Autumn Biological and medical sciences Catch crop catch crops cover crops crop rotation Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage Crops drainage field crops field experimentation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agroecology General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns Green manure green manures Leaching Manure Nitrates nitrogen Organic farming Organic manure organic production Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Perennial weeds soil Soil (material) Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments stubble Stubble cultivation tillage weed control Weeds winter |
| title | Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations is mostly determined by autumn field management |
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