Tendon Length and Joint Flexibility Are Related to Running Economy
The purpose of study was to determine whether quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length and flexibility of the knee extensors and plantar flexors are related to walking and running economy. Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measure...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2011-08, Vol.43 (8), p.1492-1499 |
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| creator | HUNTER, Gary R KATSOULIS, Konstantina MCCARTHY, John P OGARD, William K BAMMAN, Marcas M WOOD, David S DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E NEWCOMER, Bradley R |
| description | The purpose of study was to determine whether quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length and flexibility of the knee extensors and plantar flexors are related to walking and running economy.
Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measured by magnetic resonance imaging; body composition was measured DXA; oxygen uptake at rest while seated, walking (3 mph), and running (6 and 7 mph) were measured by indirect calorimetry; knee and ankle joint flexibility were measured by goniometry; and leg lengths were measured by anthropometry while seated. Correlations were used to identify relationships between variables of interest.
Net VO2 (exercise VO2 - rest VO2) for walking (NVOWK) and running at 6 and 7 mph (NVO6 and NVO7, respectively) was significantly related to Achilles tendon length (r varying from -0.40 to -0.51, P all < 0.04). Achilles tendon cross section was not related to walking or running economy. Quadriceps/patella tendon length was significantly related to NVO7 (r = -0.43, P = 0.03) and approached significance for NVO6 (r = -0.36, P = 0.06). Flexibility of the plantar flexors was related to NVO7 (+0.38, P = 0.05). Multiple regression showed that Achilles tendon length was independently related to NVO6 and NVO7 (partial r varying from -0.53 to -0.64, all P < 0.02) independent of lower leg length, upper leg length, quadriceps/patella tendon length, knee extension flexibility, or plantarflexion flexibility.
These data support the premise that longer lower limb tendons (especially Achilles tendon) and less flexible lower limb joints are associated with improved running economy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1249/mss.0b013e318210464a |
| format | Article |
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Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measured by magnetic resonance imaging; body composition was measured DXA; oxygen uptake at rest while seated, walking (3 mph), and running (6 and 7 mph) were measured by indirect calorimetry; knee and ankle joint flexibility were measured by goniometry; and leg lengths were measured by anthropometry while seated. Correlations were used to identify relationships between variables of interest.
Net VO2 (exercise VO2 - rest VO2) for walking (NVOWK) and running at 6 and 7 mph (NVO6 and NVO7, respectively) was significantly related to Achilles tendon length (r varying from -0.40 to -0.51, P all < 0.04). Achilles tendon cross section was not related to walking or running economy. Quadriceps/patella tendon length was significantly related to NVO7 (r = -0.43, P = 0.03) and approached significance for NVO6 (r = -0.36, P = 0.06). Flexibility of the plantar flexors was related to NVO7 (+0.38, P = 0.05). Multiple regression showed that Achilles tendon length was independently related to NVO6 and NVO7 (partial r varying from -0.53 to -0.64, all P < 0.02) independent of lower leg length, upper leg length, quadriceps/patella tendon length, knee extension flexibility, or plantarflexion flexibility.
These data support the premise that longer lower limb tendons (especially Achilles tendon) and less flexible lower limb joints are associated with improved running economy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318210464a</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21266930</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MSPEDA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adult ; Ankle Joint - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Knee Joint - physiology ; Leg - anatomy & histology ; Leg - physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Organ Size - physiology ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular - physiology ; Running - physiology ; Space life sciences ; Tendons - anatomy & histology ; Tendons - physiology ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Walking - physiology</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2011-08, Vol.43 (8), p.1492-1499</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-8c19b775cc3ba4a26850d464a2f28caafe18bf41270bb0a6635cc9eed3f0656a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-8c19b775cc3ba4a26850d464a2f28caafe18bf41270bb0a6635cc9eed3f0656a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24363240$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266930$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>HUNTER, Gary R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KATSOULIS, Konstantina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCCARTHY, John P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OGARD, William K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAMMAN, Marcas M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WOOD, David S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEWCOMER, Bradley R</creatorcontrib><title>Tendon Length and Joint Flexibility Are Related to Running Economy</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>The purpose of study was to determine whether quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length and flexibility of the knee extensors and plantar flexors are related to walking and running economy.
Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measured by magnetic resonance imaging; body composition was measured DXA; oxygen uptake at rest while seated, walking (3 mph), and running (6 and 7 mph) were measured by indirect calorimetry; knee and ankle joint flexibility were measured by goniometry; and leg lengths were measured by anthropometry while seated. Correlations were used to identify relationships between variables of interest.
Net VO2 (exercise VO2 - rest VO2) for walking (NVOWK) and running at 6 and 7 mph (NVO6 and NVO7, respectively) was significantly related to Achilles tendon length (r varying from -0.40 to -0.51, P all < 0.04). Achilles tendon cross section was not related to walking or running economy. Quadriceps/patella tendon length was significantly related to NVO7 (r = -0.43, P = 0.03) and approached significance for NVO6 (r = -0.36, P = 0.06). Flexibility of the plantar flexors was related to NVO7 (+0.38, P = 0.05). Multiple regression showed that Achilles tendon length was independently related to NVO6 and NVO7 (partial r varying from -0.53 to -0.64, all P < 0.02) independent of lower leg length, upper leg length, quadriceps/patella tendon length, knee extension flexibility, or plantarflexion flexibility.
These data support the premise that longer lower limb tendons (especially Achilles tendon) and less flexible lower limb joints are associated with improved running economy.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Ankle Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Knee Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Leg - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Leg - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Organ Size - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Tendons - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Tendons - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><subject>Walking - physiology</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><issn>1530-0315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0MtOwzAQBVALgWh5_AFC3iBWKeNHnHhZqpaHipDaso5sxylBiV3iRKJ_T6oWkFjN5tyZ0UXoisCIUC7v6hBGoIEwy0hKCXDB1REakphBBIzEx2gIRMaRJIwM0FkIHwCQMEZO0YASKoRkMET3K-ty7_DcunX7jpXL8bMvXYtnlf0qdVmV7RaPG4sXtlKtzXHr8aJzrnRrPDXe-Xp7gU4KVQV7eZjn6G02XU0eo_nrw9NkPI8Ml7KNUkOkTpLYGKYVV1SkMeS7p2lBU6NUYUmqC05oAlqDEoL1VFqbswJELBQ7R7f7vZvGf3Y2tFldBmOrSjnru5ClaRIDpyzuJd9L0_gQGltkm6asVbPNCGS78rKX5TL7X14fuz4c6HRt89_QT1s9uDkAFYyqikY5U4Y_x5lglAP7BrWqd8g</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>HUNTER, Gary R</creator><creator>KATSOULIS, Konstantina</creator><creator>MCCARTHY, John P</creator><creator>OGARD, William K</creator><creator>BAMMAN, Marcas M</creator><creator>WOOD, David S</creator><creator>DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A</creator><creator>BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E</creator><creator>NEWCOMER, Bradley R</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Tendon Length and Joint Flexibility Are Related to Running Economy</title><author>HUNTER, Gary R ; KATSOULIS, Konstantina ; MCCARTHY, John P ; OGARD, William K ; BAMMAN, Marcas M ; WOOD, David S ; DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A ; BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E ; NEWCOMER, Bradley R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-8c19b775cc3ba4a26850d464a2f28caafe18bf41270bb0a6635cc9eed3f0656a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Ankle Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Knee Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Leg - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Leg - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Organ Size - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Tendons - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Tendons - physiology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><topic>Walking - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HUNTER, Gary R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KATSOULIS, Konstantina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCCARTHY, John P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OGARD, William K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAMMAN, Marcas M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WOOD, David S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEWCOMER, Bradley R</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HUNTER, Gary R</au><au>KATSOULIS, Konstantina</au><au>MCCARTHY, John P</au><au>OGARD, William K</au><au>BAMMAN, Marcas M</au><au>WOOD, David S</au><au>DEN HOLLANDER, Jan A</au><au>BLAUDEAU, Tamilane E</au><au>NEWCOMER, Bradley R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tendon Length and Joint Flexibility Are Related to Running Economy</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1492</spage><epage>1499</epage><pages>1492-1499</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><eissn>1530-0315</eissn><coden>MSPEDA</coden><abstract>The purpose of study was to determine whether quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length and flexibility of the knee extensors and plantar flexors are related to walking and running economy.
Twenty-one male distance runners were subjects. Quadriceps/patella and Achilles tendon length were measured by magnetic resonance imaging; body composition was measured DXA; oxygen uptake at rest while seated, walking (3 mph), and running (6 and 7 mph) were measured by indirect calorimetry; knee and ankle joint flexibility were measured by goniometry; and leg lengths were measured by anthropometry while seated. Correlations were used to identify relationships between variables of interest.
Net VO2 (exercise VO2 - rest VO2) for walking (NVOWK) and running at 6 and 7 mph (NVO6 and NVO7, respectively) was significantly related to Achilles tendon length (r varying from -0.40 to -0.51, P all < 0.04). Achilles tendon cross section was not related to walking or running economy. Quadriceps/patella tendon length was significantly related to NVO7 (r = -0.43, P = 0.03) and approached significance for NVO6 (r = -0.36, P = 0.06). Flexibility of the plantar flexors was related to NVO7 (+0.38, P = 0.05). Multiple regression showed that Achilles tendon length was independently related to NVO6 and NVO7 (partial r varying from -0.53 to -0.64, all P < 0.02) independent of lower leg length, upper leg length, quadriceps/patella tendon length, knee extension flexibility, or plantarflexion flexibility.
These data support the premise that longer lower limb tendons (especially Achilles tendon) and less flexible lower limb joints are associated with improved running economy.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>21266930</pmid><doi>10.1249/mss.0b013e318210464a</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0195-9131 |
| ispartof | Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2011-08, Vol.43 (8), p.1492-1499 |
| issn | 0195-9131 1530-0315 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Adult Ankle Joint - physiology Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Knee Joint - physiology Leg - anatomy & histology Leg - physiology Male Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Organ Size - physiology Oxygen Consumption - physiology Range of Motion, Articular - physiology Running - physiology Space life sciences Tendons - anatomy & histology Tendons - physiology Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports Walking - physiology |
| title | Tendon Length and Joint Flexibility Are Related to Running Economy |
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