Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt?
This study examined the association between area-level education and BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt. A sample of 3993 households including 1990 men and 2003 women were analyzed from the 2007 Cairo Urban Inequity Study, a study which aimed to identify potential intra-urban inequities in health rela...
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| creator | Mowafi, Mona Khadr, Zeinab Subramanian, S.V. Bennett, Gary Hill, Allan Kawachi, Ichiro |
| description | This study examined the association between area-level education and BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt. A sample of 3993 households including 1990 men and 2003 women were analyzed from the 2007 Cairo Urban Inequity Study, a study which aimed to identify potential intra-urban inequities in health related to the environment and living conditions in Cairo.
Using multilevel analysis, we found that residents of high education neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be obese compared to low education neighborhoods. An inverse association between neighborhood education and individual BMI was observed whereby each unit increase in percentage of households with greater than a high school education was associated with a 0.036 kg/m2 decrease in BMI of individuals. This translated into a difference between high and low education neighborhoods of 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) for women based on an average height of 1.65 m and 6.10 kg (13.4 lb) for men based on an average height of 1.75 m after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health and environmental factors.
These findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce BMI among adults in this setting may be well-served by focusing on education since it appears to have an effect at the neighborhood level over and above the impact it has at the individual level. This may be due to several factors such as greater access to knowledge and information regarding health and nutrition, greater food availability, and shifting cultural perceptions of beauty away from an ideal body shape of plumpness in favor of thinness in high education neighborhoods. The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow for causal interpretations, however, so further studies exploring why the neighborhood education-BMI association is so significant is warranted.
► Egypt is one of the most overweight/obese countries in the world but few studies have analyzed links to neighborhoods. ► We studied over 3500 individuals in 50 Cairo neighborhoods and found a significant neighborhood education-BMI association. ► Individuals in high education neighborhoods were on average 13–15 lbs lighter than those in low education neighborhoods. ► Intervening at the neighborhood level may be an effective way to reduce obesity among Cairene adults. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.032 |
| format | Article |
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Using multilevel analysis, we found that residents of high education neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be obese compared to low education neighborhoods. An inverse association between neighborhood education and individual BMI was observed whereby each unit increase in percentage of households with greater than a high school education was associated with a 0.036 kg/m2 decrease in BMI of individuals. This translated into a difference between high and low education neighborhoods of 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) for women based on an average height of 1.65 m and 6.10 kg (13.4 lb) for men based on an average height of 1.75 m after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health and environmental factors.
These findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce BMI among adults in this setting may be well-served by focusing on education since it appears to have an effect at the neighborhood level over and above the impact it has at the individual level. This may be due to several factors such as greater access to knowledge and information regarding health and nutrition, greater food availability, and shifting cultural perceptions of beauty away from an ideal body shape of plumpness in favor of thinness in high education neighborhoods. The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow for causal interpretations, however, so further studies exploring why the neighborhood education-BMI association is so significant is warranted.
► Egypt is one of the most overweight/obese countries in the world but few studies have analyzed links to neighborhoods. ► We studied over 3500 individuals in 50 Cairo neighborhoods and found a significant neighborhood education-BMI association. ► Individuals in high education neighborhoods were on average 13–15 lbs lighter than those in low education neighborhoods. ► Intervening at the neighborhood level may be an effective way to reduce obesity among Cairene adults.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0277-9536</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5347</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.032</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21440350</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SSMDEP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Height ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body mass index (BMI) ; Body mass index (BMI) Obesity Neighborhoods Education Socioeconomic status Inequities Egypt ; Body Weight ; Cairo, Egypt ; Correlation analysis ; Cross-sectional analysis ; culture ; Education ; Educational Status ; Egypt ; Egypt - epidemiology ; Environmental Factors ; Female ; food availability ; Health ; Health Status Disparities ; Health Surveys ; Height ; Households ; Humans ; Inequality ; Inequities ; Knowledge ; Level of education ; living conditions ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Men ; Metabolic diseases ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Models, Statistical ; Neighborhoods ; Neighbourhoods ; Nutrition ; Obesity ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Perception ; Perceptions ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Residence Characteristics ; Sex Differences ; Social Class ; Social conditions ; Socioeconomic status ; Urban Population ; Women ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Social science & medicine (1982), 2011-04, Vol.72 (8), p.1274-1283</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. Apr 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-73f541d4aa7df664930b0259672c476dee2b3bde0cddaf8d31aa9541e8738f2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-73f541d4aa7df664930b0259672c476dee2b3bde0cddaf8d31aa9541e8738f2a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.032$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,3996,27911,27912,33761,33762,45982</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24123581$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21440350$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeesocmed/v_3a72_3ay_3a2011_3ai_3a8_3ap_3a1274-1283.htm$$DView record in RePEc$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mowafi, Mona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khadr, Zeinab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subramanian, S.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, Gary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawachi, Ichiro</creatorcontrib><title>Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt?</title><title>Social science & medicine (1982)</title><addtitle>Soc Sci Med</addtitle><description>This study examined the association between area-level education and BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt. A sample of 3993 households including 1990 men and 2003 women were analyzed from the 2007 Cairo Urban Inequity Study, a study which aimed to identify potential intra-urban inequities in health related to the environment and living conditions in Cairo.
Using multilevel analysis, we found that residents of high education neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be obese compared to low education neighborhoods. An inverse association between neighborhood education and individual BMI was observed whereby each unit increase in percentage of households with greater than a high school education was associated with a 0.036 kg/m2 decrease in BMI of individuals. This translated into a difference between high and low education neighborhoods of 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) for women based on an average height of 1.65 m and 6.10 kg (13.4 lb) for men based on an average height of 1.75 m after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health and environmental factors.
These findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce BMI among adults in this setting may be well-served by focusing on education since it appears to have an effect at the neighborhood level over and above the impact it has at the individual level. This may be due to several factors such as greater access to knowledge and information regarding health and nutrition, greater food availability, and shifting cultural perceptions of beauty away from an ideal body shape of plumpness in favor of thinness in high education neighborhoods. The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow for causal interpretations, however, so further studies exploring why the neighborhood education-BMI association is so significant is warranted.
► Egypt is one of the most overweight/obese countries in the world but few studies have analyzed links to neighborhoods. ► We studied over 3500 individuals in 50 Cairo neighborhoods and found a significant neighborhood education-BMI association. ► Individuals in high education neighborhoods were on average 13–15 lbs lighter than those in low education neighborhoods. ► Intervening at the neighborhood level may be an effective way to reduce obesity among Cairene adults.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Height</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body mass index (BMI)</subject><subject>Body mass index (BMI) Obesity Neighborhoods Education Socioeconomic status Inequities Egypt</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Cairo, Egypt</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Cross-sectional analysis</subject><subject>culture</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Egypt</subject><subject>Egypt - epidemiology</subject><subject>Environmental Factors</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>food availability</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health Status Disparities</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Height</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inequality</subject><subject>Inequities</subject><subject>Knowledge</subject><subject>Level of education</subject><subject>living conditions</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Neighbourhoods</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Residence Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex Differences</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Social conditions</subject><subject>Socioeconomic status</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0277-9536</issn><issn>1873-5347</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>X2L</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk9vEzEQxVcIRNPCVwALCfVCgv-t7T1VISpQKYgDcLa89mziaHcd7N2gfHucJi0Sl0aaZ19-bzxjvaJ4S_CMYCI-bmYp2GR9B25GMSEznIvRZ8WEKMmmJePyeTHBVMppVTJxUVymtMEYE6zYy-KCEs4xK_Gk-DGPgHrwq3Ud4joEh8CN1gw-9KiFHbQJmZTf8mYAh_74YY0-fbtDpgv9Chk3tkNCvkcL42P4gG5X--1w86p40Zg2wevTfVX8-nz7c_F1uvz-5W4xX06toHyYStaUnDhujHSNELxiuMa0rISklkvhAGjNagfYOmca5RgxpsoOyBuqhhp2VVwf-25j-D1CGnTnk4W2NT2EMWmlJK-UEuw8sqxK8TQpBWW0Imf0FKKSZUXkGSTjjJF78t1_5CaMsc-fmCGOK0U5yZA8QjaGlCI0eht9Z-JeE6wP6dAb_ZgOfUiHxrkYzc7l0RlhC_bRBgCZP8A7zYyk-dhn3TuZ8Vkqa5tFqOSaUMX0euhyuzenacf64H7o95CuDLw_ASZZ0zbR9NanfxwnlJXqsNH8yOW4wc5D1Hl46C04H8EO2gX_5G5_AWat8y8</recordid><startdate>20110401</startdate><enddate>20110401</enddate><creator>Mowafi, Mona</creator><creator>Khadr, Zeinab</creator><creator>Subramanian, S.V.</creator><creator>Bennett, Gary</creator><creator>Hill, Allan</creator><creator>Kawachi, Ichiro</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Pergamon Press Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>DKI</scope><scope>X2L</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110401</creationdate><title>Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt?</title><author>Mowafi, Mona ; Khadr, Zeinab ; Subramanian, S.V. ; Bennett, Gary ; Hill, Allan ; Kawachi, Ichiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-73f541d4aa7df664930b0259672c476dee2b3bde0cddaf8d31aa9541e8738f2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Height</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body mass index (BMI)</topic><topic>Body mass index (BMI) Obesity Neighborhoods Education Socioeconomic status Inequities Egypt</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Cairo, Egypt</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Cross-sectional analysis</topic><topic>culture</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Egypt</topic><topic>Egypt - epidemiology</topic><topic>Environmental Factors</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>food availability</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health Status Disparities</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Height</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inequality</topic><topic>Inequities</topic><topic>Knowledge</topic><topic>Level of education</topic><topic>living conditions</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Metabolic diseases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Models, Statistical</topic><topic>Neighborhoods</topic><topic>Neighbourhoods</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Public health. 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Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Residence Characteristics</topic><topic>Sex Differences</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Social conditions</topic><topic>Socioeconomic status</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mowafi, Mona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khadr, Zeinab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subramanian, S.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, Gary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Allan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawachi, Ichiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>RePEc IDEAS</collection><collection>RePEc</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Social science & medicine (1982)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mowafi, Mona</au><au>Khadr, Zeinab</au><au>Subramanian, S.V.</au><au>Bennett, Gary</au><au>Hill, Allan</au><au>Kawachi, Ichiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt?</atitle><jtitle>Social science & medicine (1982)</jtitle><addtitle>Soc Sci Med</addtitle><date>2011-04-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1274</spage><epage>1283</epage><pages>1274-1283</pages><issn>0277-9536</issn><eissn>1873-5347</eissn><coden>SSMDEP</coden><abstract>This study examined the association between area-level education and BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt. A sample of 3993 households including 1990 men and 2003 women were analyzed from the 2007 Cairo Urban Inequity Study, a study which aimed to identify potential intra-urban inequities in health related to the environment and living conditions in Cairo.
Using multilevel analysis, we found that residents of high education neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be obese compared to low education neighborhoods. An inverse association between neighborhood education and individual BMI was observed whereby each unit increase in percentage of households with greater than a high school education was associated with a 0.036 kg/m2 decrease in BMI of individuals. This translated into a difference between high and low education neighborhoods of 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) for women based on an average height of 1.65 m and 6.10 kg (13.4 lb) for men based on an average height of 1.75 m after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health and environmental factors.
These findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce BMI among adults in this setting may be well-served by focusing on education since it appears to have an effect at the neighborhood level over and above the impact it has at the individual level. This may be due to several factors such as greater access to knowledge and information regarding health and nutrition, greater food availability, and shifting cultural perceptions of beauty away from an ideal body shape of plumpness in favor of thinness in high education neighborhoods. The cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow for causal interpretations, however, so further studies exploring why the neighborhood education-BMI association is so significant is warranted.
► Egypt is one of the most overweight/obese countries in the world but few studies have analyzed links to neighborhoods. ► We studied over 3500 individuals in 50 Cairo neighborhoods and found a significant neighborhood education-BMI association. ► Individuals in high education neighborhoods were on average 13–15 lbs lighter than those in low education neighborhoods. ► Intervening at the neighborhood level may be an effective way to reduce obesity among Cairene adults.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>21440350</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.032</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Adults Analysis Biological and medical sciences Body Height Body mass Body Mass Index Body mass index (BMI) Body mass index (BMI) Obesity Neighborhoods Education Socioeconomic status Inequities Egypt Body Weight Cairo, Egypt Correlation analysis Cross-sectional analysis culture Education Educational Status Egypt Egypt - epidemiology Environmental Factors Female food availability Health Health Status Disparities Health Surveys Height Households Humans Inequality Inequities Knowledge Level of education living conditions Male Medical sciences Men Metabolic diseases Middle Aged Miscellaneous Models, Statistical Neighborhoods Neighbourhoods Nutrition Obesity Obesity - epidemiology Perception Perceptions Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Residence Characteristics Sex Differences Social Class Social conditions Socioeconomic status Urban Population Women Young Adult |
| title | Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt? |
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