Critical Diameter of Apical Foramen and of File Size Using the Root ZX Apex Locator: An In Vitro Study

Abstract Introduction An evaluation was made of the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator (J. Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in widened foramina, considering the existing controversy over this issue in the literature. Methods Ten single-root teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The foramina were wide...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of endodontics 2011-09, Vol.37 (9), p.1306-1309
Hauptverfasser: Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD, Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD, Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD, Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD, Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD
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container_end_page 1309
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1306
container_title Journal of endodontics
container_volume 37
creator Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD
Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD
Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD
Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD
Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD
description Abstract Introduction An evaluation was made of the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator (J. Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in widened foramina, considering the existing controversy over this issue in the literature. Methods Ten single-root teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The foramina were widened from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm. The measurements were taken with all possible file sizes ≥#10. The statistical accuracy of the Root ZX was calculated for the different diameters and for the influence of file size. Results The accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator with a range of error of ±0.5 mm was 87% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm and 84% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm. With a tolerance of ±1 mm, the accuracy was 99% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm, 98% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm, and 95% using files size 70 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.8 mm. In the rest, accuracy was not certain. The measurements taken with smaller files were shorter. There were no cases of overestimation of the working length. Conclusions The Root ZX apex locator was accurate for an apical size of 0.6 mm, independently of the file size; between 0.7 to 0.8 mm, we should adjust the files to the foramen, whereas above size 0.9 mm the locator is not accurate. The results show that the accuracy of this electronic apex locator is gradually lost as the foramen widens. Considering the stable conditions of in vitro studies, our findings advise caution in clinical application of the locator.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.007
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Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in widened foramina, considering the existing controversy over this issue in the literature. Methods Ten single-root teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The foramina were widened from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm. The measurements were taken with all possible file sizes ≥#10. The statistical accuracy of the Root ZX was calculated for the different diameters and for the influence of file size. Results The accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator with a range of error of ±0.5 mm was 87% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm and 84% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm. With a tolerance of ±1 mm, the accuracy was 99% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm, 98% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm, and 95% using files size 70 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.8 mm. In the rest, accuracy was not certain. The measurements taken with smaller files were shorter. There were no cases of overestimation of the working length. Conclusions The Root ZX apex locator was accurate for an apical size of 0.6 mm, independently of the file size; between 0.7 to 0.8 mm, we should adjust the files to the foramen, whereas above size 0.9 mm the locator is not accurate. The results show that the accuracy of this electronic apex locator is gradually lost as the foramen widens. Considering the stable conditions of in vitro studies, our findings advise caution in clinical application of the locator.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2399</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3554</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21846555</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Apical widening ; Dental Instruments ; Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy &amp; histology ; Dentistry ; electronic apex locator ; Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism ; Equipment Design ; file size ; Humans ; Incisor ; Odontometry - instrumentation ; Odontometry - methods ; Odontometry - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Root Canal Irrigants - administration &amp; dosage ; Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation ; root length determination ; Root ZX ; Tooth Apex - anatomy &amp; histology</subject><ispartof>Journal of endodontics, 2011-09, Vol.37 (9), p.1306-1309</ispartof><rights>American Association of Endodontists</rights><rights>2011 American Association of Endodontists</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-53d6f5caf72058631c51a039c9f1bb6ae3311a25001e4121ae1bdeb4de194b333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-53d6f5caf72058631c51a039c9f1bb6ae3311a25001e4121ae1bdeb4de194b333</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.007$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846555$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Critical Diameter of Apical Foramen and of File Size Using the Root ZX Apex Locator: An In Vitro Study</title><title>Journal of endodontics</title><addtitle>J Endod</addtitle><description>Abstract Introduction An evaluation was made of the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator (J. Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in widened foramina, considering the existing controversy over this issue in the literature. Methods Ten single-root teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The foramina were widened from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm. The measurements were taken with all possible file sizes ≥#10. The statistical accuracy of the Root ZX was calculated for the different diameters and for the influence of file size. Results The accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator with a range of error of ±0.5 mm was 87% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm and 84% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm. With a tolerance of ±1 mm, the accuracy was 99% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm, 98% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm, and 95% using files size 70 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.8 mm. In the rest, accuracy was not certain. The measurements taken with smaller files were shorter. There were no cases of overestimation of the working length. Conclusions The Root ZX apex locator was accurate for an apical size of 0.6 mm, independently of the file size; between 0.7 to 0.8 mm, we should adjust the files to the foramen, whereas above size 0.9 mm the locator is not accurate. The results show that the accuracy of this electronic apex locator is gradually lost as the foramen widens. Considering the stable conditions of in vitro studies, our findings advise caution in clinical application of the locator.</description><subject>Apical widening</subject><subject>Dental Instruments</subject><subject>Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy &amp; histology</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>electronic apex locator</subject><subject>Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>file size</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incisor</subject><subject>Odontometry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Odontometry - methods</subject><subject>Odontometry - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Root Canal Irrigants - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation</subject><subject>root length determination</subject><subject>Root ZX</subject><subject>Tooth Apex - anatomy &amp; histology</subject><issn>0099-2399</issn><issn>1878-3554</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV-L1DAUxYO4uOPoF_BB8uZTu7lN0z8iwjA67sKA4LgivoQ0vdXUTjKbpOL46W13dn3YB58uHM45cH-HkBfAUmBQXPRp79CmGQNImUgZKx-RBVRllXAh8sdkwVhdJxmv63PyNISeMSg5L5-Q8wyqvBBCLEi39iYarQb6zqg9RvTUdXR1uJU2zk-apcq2s7oxA9Kd-YP0Ohj7ncYfSD85F-m3r1MCf9Ot0yo6_5quLL2y9IuJ3tFdHNvjM3LWqSHg87u7JNeb95_Xl8n244er9Wqb6BxYTARvi05o1ZUZE1XBQQtQjNe67qBpCoWcA6hMTJ9gDhkohKbFJm8R6rzhnC_Jq1PvwbubEUOUexM0DoOy6MYgqyrPirqeqpckOzm1dyF47OTBm73yRwlMznhlL2e8csYrmZAT3in08q5-bPbY_ovc85wMb04GnJ78ZdDLoA1aja3xqKNsnfl__9sHcT0YO2_xE48Yejd6O-GTIEMmmdzNA8_7AjBWzOv-BQoNnqE</recordid><startdate>20110901</startdate><enddate>20110901</enddate><creator>Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110901</creationdate><title>Critical Diameter of Apical Foramen and of File Size Using the Root ZX Apex Locator: An In Vitro Study</title><author>Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD ; Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD ; Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD ; Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD ; Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-53d6f5caf72058631c51a039c9f1bb6ae3311a25001e4121ae1bdeb4de194b333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Apical widening</topic><topic>Dental Instruments</topic><topic>Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy &amp; histology</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>electronic apex locator</topic><topic>Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</topic><topic>Equipment Design</topic><topic>file size</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incisor</topic><topic>Odontometry - instrumentation</topic><topic>Odontometry - methods</topic><topic>Odontometry - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Root Canal Irrigants - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation</topic><topic>root length determination</topic><topic>Root ZX</topic><topic>Tooth Apex - anatomy &amp; histology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of endodontics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herrera, Manuela, DDS, MD, PhD</au><au>Ábalos, Camilo, DDS, MD, PhD</au><au>Lucena, Cristina, DDS, MD, PhD</au><au>Jiménez-Planas, Amparo, DDS, MD, PhD</au><au>Llamas, Rafael, DDS, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Critical Diameter of Apical Foramen and of File Size Using the Root ZX Apex Locator: An In Vitro Study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of endodontics</jtitle><addtitle>J Endod</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1306</spage><epage>1309</epage><pages>1306-1309</pages><issn>0099-2399</issn><eissn>1878-3554</eissn><abstract>Abstract Introduction An evaluation was made of the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator (J. Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in widened foramina, considering the existing controversy over this issue in the literature. Methods Ten single-root teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The foramina were widened from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm. The measurements were taken with all possible file sizes ≥#10. The statistical accuracy of the Root ZX was calculated for the different diameters and for the influence of file size. Results The accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator with a range of error of ±0.5 mm was 87% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm and 84% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm. With a tolerance of ±1 mm, the accuracy was 99% in an apical foramen size of 0.6 mm, 98% using files size 45 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.7 mm, and 95% using files size 70 or larger in an apical foramen size of 0.8 mm. In the rest, accuracy was not certain. The measurements taken with smaller files were shorter. There were no cases of overestimation of the working length. Conclusions The Root ZX apex locator was accurate for an apical size of 0.6 mm, independently of the file size; between 0.7 to 0.8 mm, we should adjust the files to the foramen, whereas above size 0.9 mm the locator is not accurate. The results show that the accuracy of this electronic apex locator is gradually lost as the foramen widens. Considering the stable conditions of in vitro studies, our findings advise caution in clinical application of the locator.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21846555</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.007</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Apical widening
Dental Instruments
Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy & histology
Dentistry
electronic apex locator
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Equipment Design
file size
Humans
Incisor
Odontometry - instrumentation
Odontometry - methods
Odontometry - statistics & numerical data
Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage
Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation
root length determination
Root ZX
Tooth Apex - anatomy & histology
title Critical Diameter of Apical Foramen and of File Size Using the Root ZX Apex Locator: An In Vitro Study
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