High Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Incidence and Reinfection Among Performers in the Adult Film Industry

Background: Adult film industry (AFI) performers engage in unprotected oral, vaginal, and anal sex with multiple partners, increasing the likelihood of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. Current industry practice does not require con...

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Veröffentlicht in:Sexually transmitted diseases 2011-07, Vol.38 (7), p.644-648
Hauptverfasser: Goldstein, Binh Y., Steinberg, Jane K., Aynalem, Getahun, Kerndt, Peter R.
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container_end_page 648
container_issue 7
container_start_page 644
container_title Sexually transmitted diseases
container_volume 38
creator Goldstein, Binh Y.
Steinberg, Jane K.
Aynalem, Getahun
Kerndt, Peter R.
description Background: Adult film industry (AFI) performers engage in unprotected oral, vaginal, and anal sex with multiple partners, increasing the likelihood of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. Current industry practice does not require condom use; instead it relies upon limited testing. We sought to estimate the annual cumulative incidence of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) and assess the rate of reinfection among AFI performers. Methods: We retrieved all CT and GC cases diagnosed among performers between 2004 and 2008 in Los Angeles, CA and reported to the health department surveillance registry. Using 2008 data, we estimated ranges for CT and GC annual cumulative incidences based on assumptions of the population size of performers. For cases reported between 2004 and 2007, we determined the CT and/or GC reinfection rate within 1 year. Results: Lower bounds for the annual cumulative incidences of CT and GC among AFI performers were estimated to be 14.3% and 5.1%, respectively. The reinfection rate within 1 year was 26.1%. Female performers were 27% more likely to be reinfected as compared with male performers (prevalence ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.48). Conclusion: CT and GC infections are common and recurrent among performers. Control strategies, including promotion of condom use, are needed to protect workers in this industry, as testing alone will not effectively prevent workplace acquisition and transmission. Additional legislation that places more responsibility on the production companies is needed to ensure the safety and health of performers.
doi_str_mv 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214e408
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Current industry practice does not require condom use; instead it relies upon limited testing. We sought to estimate the annual cumulative incidence of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) and assess the rate of reinfection among AFI performers. Methods: We retrieved all CT and GC cases diagnosed among performers between 2004 and 2008 in Los Angeles, CA and reported to the health department surveillance registry. Using 2008 data, we estimated ranges for CT and GC annual cumulative incidences based on assumptions of the population size of performers. For cases reported between 2004 and 2007, we determined the CT and/or GC reinfection rate within 1 year. Results: Lower bounds for the annual cumulative incidences of CT and GC among AFI performers were estimated to be 14.3% and 5.1%, respectively. The reinfection rate within 1 year was 26.1%. Female performers were 27% more likely to be reinfected as compared with male performers (prevalence ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.48). Conclusion: CT and GC infections are common and recurrent among performers. Control strategies, including promotion of condom use, are needed to protect workers in this industry, as testing alone will not effectively prevent workplace acquisition and transmission. 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Experimental studies and models ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infectious diseases ; Los Angeles - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Motion picture industry ; Motion Pictures ; Occupational Exposure ; Original Study ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - epidemiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - microbiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011-07, Vol.38 (7), p.644-648</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins Jul 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-cd405dba2afea8bee1a861c0e04e62a7c70efb9de0cd88fcbf2158ae453d5193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-cd405dba2afea8bee1a861c0e04e62a7c70efb9de0cd88fcbf2158ae453d5193</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44981450$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/44981450$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,30999,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=24289743$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21844714$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Goldstein, Binh Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steinberg, Jane K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aynalem, Getahun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerndt, Peter R.</creatorcontrib><title>High Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Incidence and Reinfection Among Performers in the Adult Film Industry</title><title>Sexually transmitted diseases</title><addtitle>Sex Transm Dis</addtitle><description>Background: Adult film industry (AFI) performers engage in unprotected oral, vaginal, and anal sex with multiple partners, increasing the likelihood of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. Current industry practice does not require condom use; instead it relies upon limited testing. We sought to estimate the annual cumulative incidence of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) and assess the rate of reinfection among AFI performers. Methods: We retrieved all CT and GC cases diagnosed among performers between 2004 and 2008 in Los Angeles, CA and reported to the health department surveillance registry. Using 2008 data, we estimated ranges for CT and GC annual cumulative incidences based on assumptions of the population size of performers. For cases reported between 2004 and 2007, we determined the CT and/or GC reinfection rate within 1 year. Results: Lower bounds for the annual cumulative incidences of CT and GC among AFI performers were estimated to be 14.3% and 5.1%, respectively. The reinfection rate within 1 year was 26.1%. Female performers were 27% more likely to be reinfected as compared with male performers (prevalence ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.48). 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Vaccinations</subject><subject>Erotica</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Gonorrhea - epidemiology</subject><subject>Gonorrhea - microbiology</subject><subject>Gonorrhea - transmission</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Los Angeles - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Motion picture industry</subject><subject>Motion Pictures</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure</subject><subject>Original Study</subject><subject>Sexual Partners</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - microbiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0148-5717</issn><issn>1537-4521</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVtr3DAQhUVpaDZp_0FbRKH0yanGHkXy47I0F1jIhbwbWRpntdhSKtkP--_jdDcp5GmYme8MwzmMfQVxBqJWv2_Wd2eiFVBRBboEJBT6A1uArFSBsoSPbCEAdSEVqGN2kvNWvPQCPrHjEjSiAlyw9so_bvhq05th57zhJjh-GUNMaUOGXwfrHQVL_-b35ENHdvQx8OUQwyO_pdTFNFDK3Ac-bogv3dSP_ML3wyx2Ux7T7jM76kyf6cuhnrKHiz8Pq6tifXN5vVquC4sVjIV1KKRrTWk6MrolAqPPwQoSSOelUVYJ6trakbBO6862XQlSG0JZOQl1dcp-7c8-pfh3ojw2g8-W-t4EilNutEYoK1XDTP54R27jlML8W6NVLaFEKWcI95BNMedEXfOU_GDSrgHRvATQzAE07wOYZd8Pt6d2IPcmenV8Bn4eAJOt6btkZo_zfw5LXSusZu7bntvmMaa3PWKtAaWongFxe5kK</recordid><startdate>20110701</startdate><enddate>20110701</enddate><creator>Goldstein, Binh Y.</creator><creator>Steinberg, Jane K.</creator><creator>Aynalem, Getahun</creator><creator>Kerndt, Peter R.</creator><general>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</general><general>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110701</creationdate><title>High Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Incidence and Reinfection Among Performers in the Adult Film Industry</title><author>Goldstein, Binh Y. ; Steinberg, Jane K. ; Aynalem, Getahun ; Kerndt, Peter R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-cd405dba2afea8bee1a861c0e04e62a7c70efb9de0cd88fcbf2158ae453d5193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult entertainment</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the genital system</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Chlamydia Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Chlamydia Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diagnostic tests</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Epidemiology. 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Conclusion: CT and GC infections are common and recurrent among performers. Control strategies, including promotion of condom use, are needed to protect workers in this industry, as testing alone will not effectively prevent workplace acquisition and transmission. Additional legislation that places more responsibility on the production companies is needed to ensure the safety and health of performers.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</pub><pmid>21844714</pmid><doi>10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214e408</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Adult entertainment
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the genital system
Biological and medical sciences
Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology
Chlamydia Infections - microbiology
Chlamydia Infections - transmission
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diagnostic tests
Disease transmission
Epidemiology. Vaccinations
Erotica
Female
General aspects
Gonorrhea - epidemiology
Gonorrhea - microbiology
Gonorrhea - transmission
Human bacterial diseases
Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models
Humans
Incidence
Infectious diseases
Los Angeles - epidemiology
Male
Medical sciences
Motion picture industry
Motion Pictures
Occupational Exposure
Original Study
Sexual Partners
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - epidemiology
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - microbiology
Young Adult
title High Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Incidence and Reinfection Among Performers in the Adult Film Industry
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