The effect of firearm muzzle gases on the backspatter of blood
Injuries caused by gunshots can produce what bloodstain pattern analysts know as “backspatter.” Observations about the presence or absence of backspatter on an individual may be used in court as evidence of guilt or innocence. The discharge of three firearms (.22 caliber revolver, .38 caliber revolv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Legal Medicine 2011-09, Vol.125 (5), p.617-628 |
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| container_title | International Journal of Legal Medicine |
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| creator | Taylor, Michael C. Laber, Terry L. Epstein, Barton P. Zamzow, Dan S. Baldwin, David P. |
| description | Injuries caused by gunshots can produce what bloodstain pattern analysts know as “backspatter.” Observations about the presence or absence of backspatter on an individual may be used in court as evidence of guilt or innocence. The discharge of three firearms (.22 caliber revolver, .38 caliber revolver, and .308 caliber rifle) and the resulting impact of bullets on a blood source were recorded using high-speed digital video imaging. Blood droplets, firearm muzzle gases, and ballistic shock waves were visualized using standard reflected light and shadowgraphy imaging techniques. A significant interaction between air currents, muzzle gases, and particulate material emanating from the firearms upon discharge with backspattered blood was observed. Blood droplets, initially spattered back toward the firearm and the shooter, were observed to change direction under the influence of firearm-induced air currents and were blown forward toward and beyond their original source location. Implications for experts testifying in court and for bloodstain pattern instructors are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00414-010-0462-4 |
| format | Article |
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The discharge of three firearms (.22 caliber revolver, .38 caliber revolver, and .308 caliber rifle) and the resulting impact of bullets on a blood source were recorded using high-speed digital video imaging. Blood droplets, firearm muzzle gases, and ballistic shock waves were visualized using standard reflected light and shadowgraphy imaging techniques. A significant interaction between air currents, muzzle gases, and particulate material emanating from the firearms upon discharge with backspattered blood was observed. Blood droplets, initially spattered back toward the firearm and the shooter, were observed to change direction under the influence of firearm-induced air currents and were blown forward toward and beyond their original source location. 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Implications for experts testifying in court and for bloodstain pattern instructors are discussed.</description><subject>Air Movements</subject><subject>Ammunition</subject><subject>BLOOD</subject><subject>Blood Stains</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Digital video</subject><subject>Firearms</subject><subject>Forensic Ballistics - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Forensic Medicine</subject><subject>GASES</subject><subject>GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS//MATHEMATICS, COMPUTING, AND INFORMATION SCIENCE</subject><subject>GUNS</subject><subject>Homicide - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>INJURIES</subject><subject>INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Lighting - instrumentation</subject><subject>Lighting - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Medical Law</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>PARTICULATES</subject><subject>Shadowing (Histology) - 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Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Legal Medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Taylor, Michael C.</au><au>Laber, Terry L.</au><au>Epstein, Barton P.</au><au>Zamzow, Dan S.</au><au>Baldwin, David P.</au><aucorp>Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of firearm muzzle gases on the backspatter of blood</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Legal Medicine</jtitle><stitle>Int J Legal Med</stitle><addtitle>Int J Legal Med</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>617</spage><epage>628</epage><pages>617-628</pages><issn>0937-9827</issn><eissn>1437-1596</eissn><abstract>Injuries caused by gunshots can produce what bloodstain pattern analysts know as “backspatter.” Observations about the presence or absence of backspatter on an individual may be used in court as evidence of guilt or innocence. The discharge of three firearms (.22 caliber revolver, .38 caliber revolver, and .308 caliber rifle) and the resulting impact of bullets on a blood source were recorded using high-speed digital video imaging. Blood droplets, firearm muzzle gases, and ballistic shock waves were visualized using standard reflected light and shadowgraphy imaging techniques. A significant interaction between air currents, muzzle gases, and particulate material emanating from the firearms upon discharge with backspattered blood was observed. Blood droplets, initially spattered back toward the firearm and the shooter, were observed to change direction under the influence of firearm-induced air currents and were blown forward toward and beyond their original source location. Implications for experts testifying in court and for bloodstain pattern instructors are discussed.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>20461525</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00414-010-0462-4</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; HeinOnline Law Journal Library |
| subjects | Air Movements Ammunition BLOOD Blood Stains Cameras Digital video Firearms Forensic Ballistics - legislation & jurisprudence Forensic Medicine GASES GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS//MATHEMATICS, COMPUTING, AND INFORMATION SCIENCE GUNS Homicide - legislation & jurisprudence Humans INJURIES INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Light Lighting - instrumentation Lighting - legislation & jurisprudence Medical Law Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Article PARTICULATES Shadowing (Histology) - instrumentation SHOCK WAVES Video Recording - instrumentation Wounds, Gunshot - pathology |
| title | The effect of firearm muzzle gases on the backspatter of blood |
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