Titanium particles modulate expression of Toll-like receptor proteins
The role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) responding to microbial remnants, indolent biofilms or cellular byproducts in aseptic loosening of joint replacements is unknown. Thus, the effect of titanium (Ti) particles on TLR protein levels was evaluated. To create a model of particle‐induced inflammation...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 2010-03, Vol.92A (4), p.1528-1537 |
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| container_title | Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A |
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| creator | Pajarinen, Jukka Mackiewicz, Zygmunt Pöllänen, Raimo Takagi, Michiaki Epstein, Noah J. Ma, Ting Goodman, Stuart B. Konttinen, Yrjö T. |
| description | The role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) responding to microbial remnants, indolent biofilms or cellular byproducts in aseptic loosening of joint replacements is unknown. Thus, the effect of titanium (Ti) particles on TLR protein levels was evaluated. To create a model of particle‐induced inflammation, an intramedullary stainless steel rod with and without Ti particles was bilaterally placed in the femora of 14 mice. The animals were sacrificed at 2 or 10 weeks postoperatively and paraffin‐embedded femur sections were evaluated for TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 proteins using immunohistochemistry. Decrease in the number of TLR immunoreactive cells was observed between weeks 2 and 10 in both settings. Furthermore, in the presence of Ti particles, the numbers of TLR immunoreactive cells were lower than in the presence of rod only at both time points, suggesting downregulation of TLR expression by Ti‐particles per se. Accordingly, in a short‐term 24 h stimulation, downregulation of TLR4 mRNA (p < 0.02) was observed in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells challenged with Ti particles. Results suggest that after an initial inflammatory stage, TLRs are downregulated in response to Ti particles, possibly to inhibit excessive inflammation, although TLR downregulation might at the same time render tissues more susceptible to pathogens. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jbm.a.32495 |
| format | Article |
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Thus, the effect of titanium (Ti) particles on TLR protein levels was evaluated. To create a model of particle‐induced inflammation, an intramedullary stainless steel rod with and without Ti particles was bilaterally placed in the femora of 14 mice. The animals were sacrificed at 2 or 10 weeks postoperatively and paraffin‐embedded femur sections were evaluated for TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 proteins using immunohistochemistry. Decrease in the number of TLR immunoreactive cells was observed between weeks 2 and 10 in both settings. Furthermore, in the presence of Ti particles, the numbers of TLR immunoreactive cells were lower than in the presence of rod only at both time points, suggesting downregulation of TLR expression by Ti‐particles per se. Accordingly, in a short‐term 24 h stimulation, downregulation of TLR4 mRNA (p < 0.02) was observed in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells challenged with Ti particles. Results suggest that after an initial inflammatory stage, TLRs are downregulated in response to Ti particles, possibly to inhibit excessive inflammation, although TLR downregulation might at the same time render tissues more susceptible to pathogens. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010</description><identifier>ISSN: 1549-3296</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1552-4965</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-4965</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32495</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19425045</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biocompatibility ; Biocompatible Materials - adverse effects ; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; bone ; bone marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells - physiology ; Cell Line ; Cellular ; Female ; Implants, Experimental ; Inflammation - chemically induced ; Inflammation - immunology ; Macrophages - cytology ; Macrophages - physiology ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microorganisms ; Orthopedic surgery ; Proteins ; Receptors ; Reproduction ; Stainless Steel ; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases ; Surgical implants ; Titanium ; Titanium - immunology ; toll-like receptors ; Toll-Like Receptors - genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2010-03, Vol.92A (4), p.1528-1537</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>(c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5615-1c5d34f4fd2d6fb17d43cd7bf3daa2ac2a3e967e4890a99317ada1c6813b43fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5615-1c5d34f4fd2d6fb17d43cd7bf3daa2ac2a3e967e4890a99317ada1c6813b43fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.32495$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.32495$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22440081$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19425045$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pajarinen, Jukka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mackiewicz, Zygmunt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pöllänen, Raimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takagi, Michiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Epstein, Noah J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodman, Stuart B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konttinen, Yrjö T.</creatorcontrib><title>Titanium particles modulate expression of Toll-like receptor proteins</title><title>Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A</title><addtitle>J. Biomed. Mater. Res</addtitle><description>The role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) responding to microbial remnants, indolent biofilms or cellular byproducts in aseptic loosening of joint replacements is unknown. Thus, the effect of titanium (Ti) particles on TLR protein levels was evaluated. To create a model of particle‐induced inflammation, an intramedullary stainless steel rod with and without Ti particles was bilaterally placed in the femora of 14 mice. The animals were sacrificed at 2 or 10 weeks postoperatively and paraffin‐embedded femur sections were evaluated for TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 proteins using immunohistochemistry. Decrease in the number of TLR immunoreactive cells was observed between weeks 2 and 10 in both settings. Furthermore, in the presence of Ti particles, the numbers of TLR immunoreactive cells were lower than in the presence of rod only at both time points, suggesting downregulation of TLR expression by Ti‐particles per se. Accordingly, in a short‐term 24 h stimulation, downregulation of TLR4 mRNA (p < 0.02) was observed in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells challenged with Ti particles. Results suggest that after an initial inflammatory stage, TLRs are downregulated in response to Ti particles, possibly to inhibit excessive inflammation, although TLR downregulation might at the same time render tissues more susceptible to pathogens. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biocompatible Materials - adverse effects</subject><subject>Biocompatible Materials - chemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>bone</subject><subject>bone marrow</subject><subject>Bone Marrow Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cellular</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Implants, Experimental</subject><subject>Inflammation - chemically induced</subject><subject>Inflammation - immunology</subject><subject>Macrophages - cytology</subject><subject>Macrophages - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Orthopedic surgery</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Stainless Steel</subject><subject>Surgery (general aspects). 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Graft diseases</subject><subject>Surgical implants</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Titanium - immunology</subject><subject>toll-like receptors</subject><subject>Toll-Like Receptors - genetics</subject><subject>Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism</subject><issn>1549-3296</issn><issn>1552-4965</issn><issn>1552-4965</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0T1vFDEQBmALgUg4qOjRNggktIe_vS7hFA5QAhRHoLO89qzkxPuBvSuSf4_DHaFLKk_xzIw8L0LPCV4TjOnbi7Zf2zWjXIsH6JgIQWuupXh4U3NdM6rlEXqS80XBEgv6GB0RzanAXByjk12Y7RCWvppsmoOLkKt-9Eu0M1RwNSXIOYxDNXbVboyxjuESqgQOpnlM1ZTGGcKQn6JHnY0Znh3eFfr-4WS3-Vifft1-2rw7rZ2QRNTECc94xztPvexaojxnzqu2Y95aah21DLRUwBuNrdaMKOstcbIhrOWsA7ZCr_Zzy-JfC-TZ9CE7iNEOMC7ZNA0rv1JM3S-lFqqc536pGCtYUV7k6zslkYpQTkSDC32zpy6NOSfozJRCb9O1IdjcpGZKasaav6kV_eIweGl78P_tIaYCXh6Azc7GLtnBhXzrKOUc43KlFSJ79ztEuL5rp_n8_uzf8nrfE_IMV7c9Nl0aWS4pzI8vWyN3387Pz35uzYb9Ae_Nvj0</recordid><startdate>20100315</startdate><enddate>20100315</enddate><creator>Pajarinen, Jukka</creator><creator>Mackiewicz, Zygmunt</creator><creator>Pöllänen, Raimo</creator><creator>Takagi, Michiaki</creator><creator>Epstein, Noah J.</creator><creator>Ma, Ting</creator><creator>Goodman, Stuart B.</creator><creator>Konttinen, Yrjö T.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100315</creationdate><title>Titanium particles modulate expression of Toll-like receptor proteins</title><author>Pajarinen, Jukka ; Mackiewicz, Zygmunt ; Pöllänen, Raimo ; Takagi, Michiaki ; Epstein, Noah J. ; Ma, Ting ; Goodman, Stuart B. ; Konttinen, Yrjö T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5615-1c5d34f4fd2d6fb17d43cd7bf3daa2ac2a3e967e4890a99317ada1c6813b43fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biocompatible Materials - adverse effects</topic><topic>Biocompatible Materials - chemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>bone</topic><topic>bone marrow</topic><topic>Bone Marrow Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cellular</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Implants, Experimental</topic><topic>Inflammation - chemically induced</topic><topic>Inflammation - immunology</topic><topic>Macrophages - cytology</topic><topic>Macrophages - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Orthopedic surgery</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Stainless Steel</topic><topic>Surgery (general aspects). 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Part A</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pajarinen, Jukka</au><au>Mackiewicz, Zygmunt</au><au>Pöllänen, Raimo</au><au>Takagi, Michiaki</au><au>Epstein, Noah J.</au><au>Ma, Ting</au><au>Goodman, Stuart B.</au><au>Konttinen, Yrjö T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Titanium particles modulate expression of Toll-like receptor proteins</atitle><jtitle>Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A</jtitle><addtitle>J. Biomed. Mater. Res</addtitle><date>2010-03-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>92A</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1528</spage><epage>1537</epage><pages>1528-1537</pages><issn>1549-3296</issn><issn>1552-4965</issn><eissn>1552-4965</eissn><abstract>The role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) responding to microbial remnants, indolent biofilms or cellular byproducts in aseptic loosening of joint replacements is unknown. Thus, the effect of titanium (Ti) particles on TLR protein levels was evaluated. To create a model of particle‐induced inflammation, an intramedullary stainless steel rod with and without Ti particles was bilaterally placed in the femora of 14 mice. The animals were sacrificed at 2 or 10 weeks postoperatively and paraffin‐embedded femur sections were evaluated for TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9 proteins using immunohistochemistry. Decrease in the number of TLR immunoreactive cells was observed between weeks 2 and 10 in both settings. Furthermore, in the presence of Ti particles, the numbers of TLR immunoreactive cells were lower than in the presence of rod only at both time points, suggesting downregulation of TLR expression by Ti‐particles per se. Accordingly, in a short‐term 24 h stimulation, downregulation of TLR4 mRNA (p < 0.02) was observed in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells challenged with Ti particles. Results suggest that after an initial inflammatory stage, TLRs are downregulated in response to Ti particles, possibly to inhibit excessive inflammation, although TLR downregulation might at the same time render tissues more susceptible to pathogens. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>19425045</pmid><doi>10.1002/jbm.a.32495</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - adverse effects Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biological and medical sciences bone bone marrow Bone Marrow Cells - physiology Cell Line Cellular Female Implants, Experimental Inflammation - chemically induced Inflammation - immunology Macrophages - cytology Macrophages - physiology Male Materials Testing Medical sciences Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Microorganisms Orthopedic surgery Proteins Receptors Reproduction Stainless Steel Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases Surgical implants Titanium Titanium - immunology toll-like receptors Toll-Like Receptors - genetics Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism |
| title | Titanium particles modulate expression of Toll-like receptor proteins |
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