Elevation Dependent Shadowing Model for Mobile Communications via High Altitude Platforms in Built-Up Areas
An empirical propagation prediction model is described for mobile communications from high altitude platforms (HAPs) in different types of built-up areas. The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2008-04, Vol.56 (4), p.1078-1084 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation |
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| creator | Holis, J. Pechac, P. |
| description | An empirical propagation prediction model is described for mobile communications from high altitude platforms (HAPs) in different types of built-up areas. The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency band prospective for 3G and 4G mobile systems, namely at 2.0,3.5, and 5.5 GHz. This new HAP model recognizes two cases - line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user at street level. The simulation of the urban environment is based on a statistical approach. Additional shadowing path loss is calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction for NLOS conditions. Normal distribution of the additional shadowing path loss was distinguishable from the simulation results. The shadowing path loss is defined as a function of the elevation angle. The results of the empirical model developed for idealized conditions are verified by measurements taken from a remote-controlled airship in different types of urban environment. Close correlation was achieved between the theoretical model and the experimental data. The HAP elevation dependent shadowing model is easy to implement and can be used for realistic planning and simulations of mobile networks provided via HAPs in built-up areas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TAP.2008.919209 |
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The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency band prospective for 3G and 4G mobile systems, namely at 2.0,3.5, and 5.5 GHz. This new HAP model recognizes two cases - line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user at street level. The simulation of the urban environment is based on a statistical approach. Additional shadowing path loss is calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction for NLOS conditions. Normal distribution of the additional shadowing path loss was distinguishable from the simulation results. The shadowing path loss is defined as a function of the elevation angle. The results of the empirical model developed for idealized conditions are verified by measurements taken from a remote-controlled airship in different types of urban environment. Close correlation was achieved between the theoretical model and the experimental data. The HAP elevation dependent shadowing model is easy to implement and can be used for realistic planning and simulations of mobile networks provided via HAPs in built-up areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-926X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2221</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2008.919209</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETPAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>3G mobile communication ; 4G mobile communication ; Applied sciences ; Computer simulation ; Diffraction, scattering, reflection ; Elevation ; Empirical analysis ; Empirical model ; Equipments and installations ; Exact sciences and technology ; Frequency ; High altitude ; high altitude platforms (HAPs) ; Mathematical models ; Mobile communication ; Mobile radiocommunication systems ; Networks ; Organization and planning of networks (techniques and equipments) ; Platforms ; Predictive models ; propagation ; Radio spectrum management ; Radiocommunications ; Radiowave propagation ; Satellites ; Services and terminals of telecommunications ; Shadow mapping ; Studies ; Systems, networks and services of telecommunications ; Telecommunications ; Telecommunications and information theory ; Telemetry. 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(IEEE) 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-1f2694145a0e66f996c986a74afe65789050b1dab09c932e819472c62074a48d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-1f2694145a0e66f996c986a74afe65789050b1dab09c932e819472c62074a48d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4483593$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27903,27904,54736</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4483593$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20277480$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Holis, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pechac, P.</creatorcontrib><title>Elevation Dependent Shadowing Model for Mobile Communications via High Altitude Platforms in Built-Up Areas</title><title>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</title><addtitle>TAP</addtitle><description>An empirical propagation prediction model is described for mobile communications from high altitude platforms (HAPs) in different types of built-up areas. The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency band prospective for 3G and 4G mobile systems, namely at 2.0,3.5, and 5.5 GHz. This new HAP model recognizes two cases - line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user at street level. The simulation of the urban environment is based on a statistical approach. Additional shadowing path loss is calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction for NLOS conditions. Normal distribution of the additional shadowing path loss was distinguishable from the simulation results. The shadowing path loss is defined as a function of the elevation angle. The results of the empirical model developed for idealized conditions are verified by measurements taken from a remote-controlled airship in different types of urban environment. Close correlation was achieved between the theoretical model and the experimental data. The HAP elevation dependent shadowing model is easy to implement and can be used for realistic planning and simulations of mobile networks provided via HAPs in built-up areas.</description><subject>3G mobile communication</subject><subject>4G mobile communication</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Diffraction, scattering, reflection</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Empirical model</subject><subject>Equipments and installations</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Frequency</subject><subject>High altitude</subject><subject>high altitude platforms (HAPs)</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mobile communication</subject><subject>Mobile radiocommunication systems</subject><subject>Networks</subject><subject>Organization and planning of networks (techniques and equipments)</subject><subject>Platforms</subject><subject>Predictive models</subject><subject>propagation</subject><subject>Radio spectrum management</subject><subject>Radiocommunications</subject><subject>Radiowave propagation</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Services and terminals of telecommunications</subject><subject>Shadow mapping</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications</subject><subject>Telecommunications and information theory</subject><subject>Telemetry. Remote supervision. Telewarning. Remote control</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>WiMAX</subject><subject>wireless communications</subject><issn>0018-926X</issn><issn>1558-2221</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c1rFDEYBvBBFFyrZw9egqCeZpuvycdxXfshtFiwBW8hm3mnTc0k22Sm4n_ftFt68GBPScjveUl4muY9wUtCsN4_X50tKcZqqYmmWL9oFqTrVEspJS-bBcZEtZqKX6-bN6Vc1yNXnC-a3wcBbu3kU0TfYAuxhzihn1e2T398vESnqYeAhpTrbuMDoHUaxzl69xAp6NZbdOwvr9AqTH6ae0BnwU7VjwX5iL7OPkztxRatMtjytnk12FDg3eO611wcHpyvj9uTH0ff16uT1nHCppYMVGhOeGcxCDFoLZxWwkpuBxCdVBp3eEN6u8HaaUZBEc0ldYLiSrjq2V7zZTd3m9PNDGUyoy8OQrAR0lyMxkxQIil_ViqFRUclkVV-_q9knNcnS1Lhx3_gdZpzrP81mlCGhWS0ov0dcjmVkmEw2-xHm_8ags19m6a2ae7bNLs2a-LT41hbnA1DttH58hSjmErJFa7uw855AHi65lyxTjN2B2OEpeQ</recordid><startdate>20080401</startdate><enddate>20080401</enddate><creator>Holis, J.</creator><creator>Pechac, P.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080401</creationdate><title>Elevation Dependent Shadowing Model for Mobile Communications via High Altitude Platforms in Built-Up Areas</title><author>Holis, J. ; Pechac, P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-1f2694145a0e66f996c986a74afe65789050b1dab09c932e819472c62074a48d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>3G mobile communication</topic><topic>4G mobile communication</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Diffraction, scattering, reflection</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Empirical analysis</topic><topic>Empirical model</topic><topic>Equipments and installations</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Frequency</topic><topic>High altitude</topic><topic>high altitude platforms (HAPs)</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Mobile communication</topic><topic>Mobile radiocommunication systems</topic><topic>Networks</topic><topic>Organization and planning of networks (techniques and equipments)</topic><topic>Platforms</topic><topic>Predictive models</topic><topic>propagation</topic><topic>Radio spectrum management</topic><topic>Radiocommunications</topic><topic>Radiowave propagation</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Services and terminals of telecommunications</topic><topic>Shadow mapping</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systems, networks and services of telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications</topic><topic>Telecommunications and information theory</topic><topic>Telemetry. Remote supervision. Telewarning. Remote control</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Urban environments</topic><topic>WiMAX</topic><topic>wireless communications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Holis, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pechac, P.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Holis, J.</au><au>Pechac, P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Elevation Dependent Shadowing Model for Mobile Communications via High Altitude Platforms in Built-Up Areas</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation</jtitle><stitle>TAP</stitle><date>2008-04-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1078</spage><epage>1084</epage><pages>1078-1084</pages><issn>0018-926X</issn><eissn>1558-2221</eissn><coden>IETPAK</coden><abstract>An empirical propagation prediction model is described for mobile communications from high altitude platforms (HAPs) in different types of built-up areas. The model introduced here is defined as a function of the angle of elevation. The target frequencies are selected from the 2 to 6 GHz frequency band prospective for 3G and 4G mobile systems, namely at 2.0,3.5, and 5.5 GHz. This new HAP model recognizes two cases - line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user at street level. The simulation of the urban environment is based on a statistical approach. Additional shadowing path loss is calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction for NLOS conditions. Normal distribution of the additional shadowing path loss was distinguishable from the simulation results. The shadowing path loss is defined as a function of the elevation angle. The results of the empirical model developed for idealized conditions are verified by measurements taken from a remote-controlled airship in different types of urban environment. Close correlation was achieved between the theoretical model and the experimental data. The HAP elevation dependent shadowing model is easy to implement and can be used for realistic planning and simulations of mobile networks provided via HAPs in built-up areas.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TAP.2008.919209</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 3G mobile communication 4G mobile communication Applied sciences Computer simulation Diffraction, scattering, reflection Elevation Empirical analysis Empirical model Equipments and installations Exact sciences and technology Frequency High altitude high altitude platforms (HAPs) Mathematical models Mobile communication Mobile radiocommunication systems Networks Organization and planning of networks (techniques and equipments) Platforms Predictive models propagation Radio spectrum management Radiocommunications Radiowave propagation Satellites Services and terminals of telecommunications Shadow mapping Studies Systems, networks and services of telecommunications Telecommunications Telecommunications and information theory Telemetry. Remote supervision. Telewarning. Remote control Urban areas Urban environments WiMAX wireless communications |
| title | Elevation Dependent Shadowing Model for Mobile Communications via High Altitude Platforms in Built-Up Areas |
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