Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) in Uruguay
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an important cattle pest in Uruguay, and the law regulates its control. It is resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and, as recently discovered, to fipronil. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and amitraz have not been documented; however,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary parasitology 2011-05, Vol.178 (1-2), p.148-155 |
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| creator | Castro-Janer, E. Rifran, L. González, P. Niell, C. Piaggio, J. Gil, A. Schumaker, T.T.S. |
| description | Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an important cattle pest in Uruguay, and the law regulates its control. It is resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and, as recently discovered, to fipronil. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and amitraz have not been documented; however, veterinarians and farmers have reported treatment failures. The objective of the present work was to study the susceptibility of cattle tick strains from different Uruguayan counties to ivermectin (IVM) and fipronil by using the Larval Immersion Test (LIT). The Mozo strain was used as the susceptible reference strain. From 2007 to 2009, twenty-eight tick populations were collected from different cattle farms with and without history of IVM or fipronil use. A probit analysis estimated dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (LC), and confidence intervals. The resistance ratio (RR) was determined at the LC50 and LC90 estimates. To classify a tick population in relation to resistance, three categories based on a statistical analysis of LC and RR between field populations and Mozo strains were defined: susceptible (no differences), incipient resistance (differences and RR50 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.035 |
| format | Article |
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It is resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and, as recently discovered, to fipronil. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and amitraz have not been documented; however, veterinarians and farmers have reported treatment failures. The objective of the present work was to study the susceptibility of cattle tick strains from different Uruguayan counties to ivermectin (IVM) and fipronil by using the Larval Immersion Test (LIT). The Mozo strain was used as the susceptible reference strain. From 2007 to 2009, twenty-eight tick populations were collected from different cattle farms with and without history of IVM or fipronil use. A probit analysis estimated dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (LC), and confidence intervals. The resistance ratio (RR) was determined at the LC50 and LC90 estimates. To classify a tick population in relation to resistance, three categories based on a statistical analysis of LC and RR between field populations and Mozo strains were defined: susceptible (no differences), incipient resistance (differences and RR50<2) and resistant (differences and RR50≥2). Eighteen field populations were tested with IVM and five of them presented a RR50 range between 1.35 and 1.98 and the LC50/90, which is statistically different from the Mozo strain (incipient resistance). However, the RR90 increases ≥2 in four of the populations, confirming that tick resistance to IVM is emergent. The low RR values obtained could be a result of a low frequency of treatments with IVM. Twenty-seven tick populations were tested with fipronil and six were diagnosed as resistant according to the LIT. Cross-resistance was not observed between fipronil and IVM on these tick populations. The current study presents different R. (B.) microplus populations with an incipient resistance to IVM, and indicates that the fipronil tick resistance is restricted to certain areas in Uruguay.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.035</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21277092</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Acari ; Acaricides - pharmacology ; Animals ; Boophilus microplus ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases - parasitology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fipronil ; Insecticide Resistance ; Ivermectin ; Ivermectin - pharmacology ; Ixodidae ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Pyrazoles - pharmacology ; Resistance ; Rhipicephalus ; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ; Rhipicephalus - drug effects ; Tick Infestations - drug therapy ; Tick Infestations - epidemiology ; Tick Infestations - parasitology ; Tick Infestations - veterinary ; Uruguay</subject><ispartof>Veterinary parasitology, 2011-05, Vol.178 (1-2), p.148-155</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-7effd486ca469e6343b071e9a6508ff32e34747a03476cafcb8fb6c140c325073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-7effd486ca469e6343b071e9a6508ff32e34747a03476cafcb8fb6c140c325073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21277092$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Castro-Janer, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rifran, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niell, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piaggio, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gil, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumaker, T.T.S.</creatorcontrib><title>Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) in Uruguay</title><title>Veterinary parasitology</title><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><description>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an important cattle pest in Uruguay, and the law regulates its control. It is resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and, as recently discovered, to fipronil. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and amitraz have not been documented; however, veterinarians and farmers have reported treatment failures. The objective of the present work was to study the susceptibility of cattle tick strains from different Uruguayan counties to ivermectin (IVM) and fipronil by using the Larval Immersion Test (LIT). The Mozo strain was used as the susceptible reference strain. From 2007 to 2009, twenty-eight tick populations were collected from different cattle farms with and without history of IVM or fipronil use. A probit analysis estimated dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (LC), and confidence intervals. The resistance ratio (RR) was determined at the LC50 and LC90 estimates. To classify a tick population in relation to resistance, three categories based on a statistical analysis of LC and RR between field populations and Mozo strains were defined: susceptible (no differences), incipient resistance (differences and RR50<2) and resistant (differences and RR50≥2). Eighteen field populations were tested with IVM and five of them presented a RR50 range between 1.35 and 1.98 and the LC50/90, which is statistically different from the Mozo strain (incipient resistance). However, the RR90 increases ≥2 in four of the populations, confirming that tick resistance to IVM is emergent. The low RR values obtained could be a result of a low frequency of treatments with IVM. Twenty-seven tick populations were tested with fipronil and six were diagnosed as resistant according to the LIT. Cross-resistance was not observed between fipronil and IVM on these tick populations. The current study presents different R. (B.) microplus populations with an incipient resistance to IVM, and indicates that the fipronil tick resistance is restricted to certain areas in Uruguay.</description><subject>Acari</subject><subject>Acaricides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Boophilus microplus</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cattle Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fipronil</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance</subject><subject>Ivermectin</subject><subject>Ivermectin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ixodidae</subject><subject>Lethal Dose 50</subject><subject>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Resistance</subject><subject>Rhipicephalus</subject><subject>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</subject><subject>Rhipicephalus - drug effects</subject><subject>Tick Infestations - drug therapy</subject><subject>Tick Infestations - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tick Infestations - parasitology</subject><subject>Tick Infestations - veterinary</subject><subject>Uruguay</subject><issn>0304-4017</issn><issn>1873-2550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUcGO0zAUtBCILQt_gJBvbA8tduzECYeVlmUXKlVCQt2z5TjP9FVJHOykop_Dn-LQhSOc3tNo3szTDCGvOVtzxot3h_URxsGEdcZmKFszkT8hC14qscrynD0lCyaYXEnG1QV5EeOBMSZZoZ6Ti4xnSrEqW5CfH2GE0GFvRvQ99Y6Oe6BxihaGEWtscTzN6Nc9DpiwvWmnSK8-eD_sMa1L2qENfviN3lgT8D3d_PANNgaWdPQUj0ke7Ig9NX1DHQ7B99jS-kS3JhxNSzddByHO7juII73abnZLmugPYfo2mdNL8syZNsKrx3lJHu7vdrefV9svnza3N9uVlXk1rhQ418iysEYWFRRCipopDpUpclY6JzIQUkllWBqJ5GxdurqwXDIrspwpcUnennXTg9-n9InuMKXQtqYHP0VdqkqqvOD8_8yiFKoSataUZ2aKKMYATg8BOxNOmjM9t6gP-tyinlvUPNOpxXT25tFgqjto_h79qS0Rrs8ESIEcEYKOFqG30GBIWevG478dfgFLOLGr</recordid><startdate>20110531</startdate><enddate>20110531</enddate><creator>Castro-Janer, E.</creator><creator>Rifran, L.</creator><creator>González, P.</creator><creator>Niell, C.</creator><creator>Piaggio, J.</creator><creator>Gil, A.</creator><creator>Schumaker, T.T.S.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7SS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110531</creationdate><title>Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) in Uruguay</title><author>Castro-Janer, E. ; Rifran, L. ; González, P. ; Niell, C. ; Piaggio, J. ; Gil, A. ; Schumaker, T.T.S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-7effd486ca469e6343b071e9a6508ff32e34747a03476cafcb8fb6c140c325073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Acari</topic><topic>Acaricides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Boophilus microplus</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cattle Diseases - parasitology</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Fipronil</topic><topic>Insecticide Resistance</topic><topic>Ivermectin</topic><topic>Ivermectin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Ixodidae</topic><topic>Lethal Dose 50</topic><topic>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</topic><topic>Resistance</topic><topic>Rhipicephalus</topic><topic>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</topic><topic>Rhipicephalus - drug effects</topic><topic>Tick Infestations - drug therapy</topic><topic>Tick Infestations - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tick Infestations - parasitology</topic><topic>Tick Infestations - veterinary</topic><topic>Uruguay</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Castro-Janer, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rifran, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niell, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piaggio, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gil, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumaker, T.T.S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Castro-Janer, E.</au><au>Rifran, L.</au><au>González, P.</au><au>Niell, C.</au><au>Piaggio, J.</au><au>Gil, A.</au><au>Schumaker, T.T.S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) in Uruguay</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><date>2011-05-31</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>178</volume><issue>1-2</issue><spage>148</spage><epage>155</epage><pages>148-155</pages><issn>0304-4017</issn><eissn>1873-2550</eissn><abstract>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an important cattle pest in Uruguay, and the law regulates its control. It is resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and, as recently discovered, to fipronil. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and amitraz have not been documented; however, veterinarians and farmers have reported treatment failures. The objective of the present work was to study the susceptibility of cattle tick strains from different Uruguayan counties to ivermectin (IVM) and fipronil by using the Larval Immersion Test (LIT). The Mozo strain was used as the susceptible reference strain. From 2007 to 2009, twenty-eight tick populations were collected from different cattle farms with and without history of IVM or fipronil use. A probit analysis estimated dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (LC), and confidence intervals. The resistance ratio (RR) was determined at the LC50 and LC90 estimates. To classify a tick population in relation to resistance, three categories based on a statistical analysis of LC and RR between field populations and Mozo strains were defined: susceptible (no differences), incipient resistance (differences and RR50<2) and resistant (differences and RR50≥2). Eighteen field populations were tested with IVM and five of them presented a RR50 range between 1.35 and 1.98 and the LC50/90, which is statistically different from the Mozo strain (incipient resistance). However, the RR90 increases ≥2 in four of the populations, confirming that tick resistance to IVM is emergent. The low RR values obtained could be a result of a low frequency of treatments with IVM. Twenty-seven tick populations were tested with fipronil and six were diagnosed as resistant according to the LIT. Cross-resistance was not observed between fipronil and IVM on these tick populations. The current study presents different R. (B.) microplus populations with an incipient resistance to IVM, and indicates that the fipronil tick resistance is restricted to certain areas in Uruguay.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>21277092</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.035</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Acari Acaricides - pharmacology Animals Boophilus microplus Cattle Cattle Diseases - epidemiology Cattle Diseases - parasitology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fipronil Insecticide Resistance Ivermectin Ivermectin - pharmacology Ixodidae Lethal Dose 50 Pyrazoles - pharmacology Resistance Rhipicephalus Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Rhipicephalus - drug effects Tick Infestations - drug therapy Tick Infestations - epidemiology Tick Infestations - parasitology Tick Infestations - veterinary Uruguay |
| title | Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) in Uruguay |
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