Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus
The effects of urea on survival, food utilization and oxygen consumption of the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. The percentage survival of O. mossambicus when exposed to different concentrations of urea at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposures was noted and it was found that 22,000 an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2005-02, Vol.19 (2), p.351-355 |
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| creator | Palanivelu, V. Vijayavel, K. Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S. Balasubramanian, M.P. |
| description | The effects of urea on survival, food utilization and oxygen consumption of the fresh water fish
Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. The percentage survival of
O. mossambicus when exposed to different concentrations of urea at 24, 48, 72 and 96
h exposures was noted and it was found that 22,000 and 38,000
mg
L
−1 urea concentration were sublethal and lethal, respectively. The median lethal concentration, which killed 50% of the fishes during 96
h exposure, was 28,000
mg
L
−1. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of urea, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 34.341
±
7.067
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 (control) to 13.921
±
2.315
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 at the highest concentration of urea (22,000
mg
L
−1). Growth rate was drastically reduced. The consumption of oxygen in
O. mossambicus diminished from 0.962
±
0.208 to 0.645
±
0.118
mg
g
live
fish
−1
h
−1 when reared in the highest sublethal concentration of urea. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.001 |
| format | Article |
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Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. The percentage survival of
O. mossambicus when exposed to different concentrations of urea at 24, 48, 72 and 96
h exposures was noted and it was found that 22,000 and 38,000
mg
L
−1 urea concentration were sublethal and lethal, respectively. The median lethal concentration, which killed 50% of the fishes during 96
h exposure, was 28,000
mg
L
−1. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of urea, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 34.341
±
7.067
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 (control) to 13.921
±
2.315
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 at the highest concentration of urea (22,000
mg
L
−1). Growth rate was drastically reduced. The consumption of oxygen in
O. mossambicus diminished from 0.962
±
0.208 to 0.645
±
0.118
mg
g
live
fish
−1
h
−1 when reared in the highest sublethal concentration of urea.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1382-6689</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7077</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21783495</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Food utilization ; Oreochromis mossambicus ; Oxygen consumption ; Survival ; Urea</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2005-02, Vol.19 (2), p.351-355</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-7184f657077f8b116634cf9026815ee587b88c777b237b53b81c23ab91ace87e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-7184f657077f8b116634cf9026815ee587b88c777b237b53b81c23ab91ace87e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.001$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783495$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Palanivelu, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijayavel, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balasubramanian, M.P.</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus</title><title>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>The effects of urea on survival, food utilization and oxygen consumption of the fresh water fish
Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. The percentage survival of
O. mossambicus when exposed to different concentrations of urea at 24, 48, 72 and 96
h exposures was noted and it was found that 22,000 and 38,000
mg
L
−1 urea concentration were sublethal and lethal, respectively. The median lethal concentration, which killed 50% of the fishes during 96
h exposure, was 28,000
mg
L
−1. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of urea, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 34.341
±
7.067
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 (control) to 13.921
±
2.315
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 at the highest concentration of urea (22,000
mg
L
−1). Growth rate was drastically reduced. The consumption of oxygen in
O. mossambicus diminished from 0.962
±
0.208 to 0.645
±
0.118
mg
g
live
fish
−1
h
−1 when reared in the highest sublethal concentration of urea.</description><subject>Food utilization</subject><subject>Oreochromis mossambicus</subject><subject>Oxygen consumption</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Urea</subject><issn>1382-6689</issn><issn>1872-7077</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi1UREvhD3BAPpX2kOCPxHakXlBVSqVKvcDZcrzjXa82drCd0vLr8WoLx3LyyHrm1cw8CH2gpKWEis_bFoqZW0ZI15KhJYS-QidUSdZIIuVRrblijRBqOEZvc95WoOdcvUHHjErFu6E_QY-302xswdFhB6n4nf8NCZ8vCcwFjgHHx6c1BGxjyMs0F1-_TFhVFlY-rDEESGso3mbsAy4bwC5B3uBfptQY52t5nyDaTYqTz3iKOZtp9HbJ79BrZ3YZ3j-_p-jH1-vvV9-au_ub26svd43tqCyNpKpzot8v5NRIqRC8s24gTCjaA_RKjkpZKeXIuBx7PipqGTfjQI0FJYGfok-H3DnFnwvkousgFnY7EyAuWSs5UCIGzit59iLJKOkEE-S_IO0k77hQFWQH0Ka6eAKn5-Qnk540JXqvUG_1XqHeK9Rk0NVQbfr4nL6ME6z-tfx1VoHLAwD1bA8eks7WQ7DVSAJb9Cr6l_L_AP6yrYw</recordid><startdate>20050201</startdate><enddate>20050201</enddate><creator>Palanivelu, V.</creator><creator>Vijayavel, K.</creator><creator>Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S.</creator><creator>Balasubramanian, M.P.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050201</creationdate><title>Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus</title><author>Palanivelu, V. ; Vijayavel, K. ; Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S. ; Balasubramanian, M.P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-7184f657077f8b116634cf9026815ee587b88c777b237b53b81c23ab91ace87e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Food utilization</topic><topic>Oreochromis mossambicus</topic><topic>Oxygen consumption</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Urea</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Palanivelu, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijayavel, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balasubramanian, M.P.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Palanivelu, V.</au><au>Vijayavel, K.</au><au>Ezhilarasibalasubramanian, S.</au><au>Balasubramanian, M.P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2005-02-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>351</spage><epage>355</epage><pages>351-355</pages><issn>1382-6689</issn><eissn>1872-7077</eissn><abstract>The effects of urea on survival, food utilization and oxygen consumption of the fresh water fish
Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. The percentage survival of
O. mossambicus when exposed to different concentrations of urea at 24, 48, 72 and 96
h exposures was noted and it was found that 22,000 and 38,000
mg
L
−1 urea concentration were sublethal and lethal, respectively. The median lethal concentration, which killed 50% of the fishes during 96
h exposure, was 28,000
mg
L
−1. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of urea, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 34.341
±
7.067
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 (control) to 13.921
±
2.315
mg
g
live
fish
−1
d
−1 at the highest concentration of urea (22,000
mg
L
−1). Growth rate was drastically reduced. The consumption of oxygen in
O. mossambicus diminished from 0.962
±
0.208 to 0.645
±
0.118
mg
g
live
fish
−1
h
−1 when reared in the highest sublethal concentration of urea.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>21783495</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.001</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1382-6689 |
| ispartof | Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2005-02, Vol.19 (2), p.351-355 |
| issn | 1382-6689 1872-7077 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_879106933 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Food utilization Oreochromis mossambicus Oxygen consumption Survival Urea |
| title | Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus |
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