CEPHALOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF GENERAL SKULL TYPE OF CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS
The general skull morphology of the head of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was examined and compared with cephalometric indices of brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic heads. Measurements were taken from computed tomography images. Defined landmarks for linear measurements o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary radiology & ultrasound 2011-07, Vol.52 (4), p.436-440 |
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| creator | SCHMIDT, M. J. NEUMANN, A. C. AMORT, K. H. FAILING, K. KRAMER, M. |
| description | The general skull morphology of the head of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was examined and compared with cephalometric indices of brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic heads. Measurements were taken from computed tomography images. Defined landmarks for linear measurements of were identified using three‐dimensional (3D) models. The calculated parameters of the CKCS were different from all parameters of mesaticephalic dogs but were the same as parameters from brachycephalic dogs. However, the CKCS had a wider braincase in relation to length than in other brachycephalic breeds. Studies of the etiology of the chiari‐like malformation in the CKCS should therefore focus on brachycephalic control groups. As Chari‐like malformation has only been reported in brachycephalic breeds, its etiology could be associated with a higher grade of brachycephaly, meaning a shorter longitudinal extension of the skull. This has been suggested for other breeds. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01825.x |
| format | Article |
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J. ; NEUMANN, A. C. ; AMORT, K. H. ; FAILING, K. ; KRAMER, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>SCHMIDT, M. J. ; NEUMANN, A. C. ; AMORT, K. H. ; FAILING, K. ; KRAMER, M.</creatorcontrib><description>The general skull morphology of the head of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was examined and compared with cephalometric indices of brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic heads. Measurements were taken from computed tomography images. Defined landmarks for linear measurements of were identified using three‐dimensional (3D) models. The calculated parameters of the CKCS were different from all parameters of mesaticephalic dogs but were the same as parameters from brachycephalic dogs. However, the CKCS had a wider braincase in relation to length than in other brachycephalic breeds. Studies of the etiology of the chiari‐like malformation in the CKCS should therefore focus on brachycephalic control groups. As Chari‐like malformation has only been reported in brachycephalic breeds, its etiology could be associated with a higher grade of brachycephaly, meaning a shorter longitudinal extension of the skull. 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J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEUMANN, A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>AMORT, K. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FAILING, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KRAMER, M.</creatorcontrib><title>CEPHALOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF GENERAL SKULL TYPE OF CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS</title><title>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</title><addtitle>Vet Radiol Ultrasound</addtitle><description>The general skull morphology of the head of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was examined and compared with cephalometric indices of brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic heads. Measurements were taken from computed tomography images. Defined landmarks for linear measurements of were identified using three‐dimensional (3D) models. The calculated parameters of the CKCS were different from all parameters of mesaticephalic dogs but were the same as parameters from brachycephalic dogs. However, the CKCS had a wider braincase in relation to length than in other brachycephalic breeds. Studies of the etiology of the chiari‐like malformation in the CKCS should therefore focus on brachycephalic control groups. As Chari‐like malformation has only been reported in brachycephalic breeds, its etiology could be associated with a higher grade of brachycephaly, meaning a shorter longitudinal extension of the skull. This has been suggested for other breeds.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arnold-Chiari Malformation - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Arnold-Chiari Malformation - veterinary</subject><subject>brachycephaly</subject><subject>caudal occipital malformation syndrome</subject><subject>Cephalometry - methods</subject><subject>Cephalometry - veterinary</subject><subject>chiari-like malformation</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Dogs - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - veterinary</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Skull - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Skull - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary</subject><issn>1058-8183</issn><issn>1740-8261</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkMtu2zAQRYmgRV7tLxTcdSWFD_PhRReEwshCaNmQ5LTNhqAlCrBr16kYI87fR6pTr8sNBzP3zAAHAIhRjPt3s46xGKFIEo5jgjCOEZaExYczcHkafOhrxGQksaQX4CqENUKECSLOwQXBjGA6FpegSfR8osxsqqsiS-BUq3JR6KnOqxKq_Bbe6koX0yxXVTbL4ewOpjrXhTKwvF8YA6ufcz10E_WgTKYLeJ_lKUwmqjC6hOVc5Zk25SfwsXWb4D-__9egutNVMonMLM0SZaJ6hDiL2JLQWtauJm7kued42To5bglHbIlxg7lsHEVCyla01AsvGZUNJx61DlPU0Gvw9bj2qdv92fvwbLerUPvNxv32u32wUkg25qMx7pPymKy7XQidb-1Tt9q67tViZAfDdm0HkXYQaQfD9q9he-jRL-9H9sutb07gP6V94Nsx8LLa-Nf_XmwfisVQ9Xx05Ffh2R9OvOt-WS6oYPZ7ntqkeEznj5MftqRvBrGQTQ</recordid><startdate>201107</startdate><enddate>201107</enddate><creator>SCHMIDT, M. J.</creator><creator>NEUMANN, A. C.</creator><creator>AMORT, K. H.</creator><creator>FAILING, K.</creator><creator>KRAMER, M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201107</creationdate><title>CEPHALOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF GENERAL SKULL TYPE OF CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS</title><author>SCHMIDT, M. J. ; NEUMANN, A. C. ; AMORT, K. H. ; FAILING, K. ; KRAMER, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4065-5b23c8cac2a4e6e61bfa89f2605b11d168da30788f7f3e7e8538d62e0fa130d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arnold-Chiari Malformation - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Arnold-Chiari Malformation - veterinary</topic><topic>brachycephaly</topic><topic>caudal occipital malformation syndrome</topic><topic>Cephalometry - methods</topic><topic>Cephalometry - veterinary</topic><topic>chiari-like malformation</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Dogs - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - veterinary</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Skull - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Skull - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SCHMIDT, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NEUMANN, A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>AMORT, K. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FAILING, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KRAMER, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SCHMIDT, M. J.</au><au>NEUMANN, A. C.</au><au>AMORT, K. 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The calculated parameters of the CKCS were different from all parameters of mesaticephalic dogs but were the same as parameters from brachycephalic dogs. However, the CKCS had a wider braincase in relation to length than in other brachycephalic breeds. Studies of the etiology of the chiari‐like malformation in the CKCS should therefore focus on brachycephalic control groups. As Chari‐like malformation has only been reported in brachycephalic breeds, its etiology could be associated with a higher grade of brachycephaly, meaning a shorter longitudinal extension of the skull. This has been suggested for other breeds.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>21521397</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01825.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Animals Arnold-Chiari Malformation - diagnostic imaging Arnold-Chiari Malformation - veterinary brachycephaly caudal occipital malformation syndrome Cephalometry - methods Cephalometry - veterinary chiari-like malformation Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging Dogs - anatomy & histology Female Imaging, Three-Dimensional - veterinary Male Skull - anatomy & histology Skull - diagnostic imaging Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary |
| title | CEPHALOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF GENERAL SKULL TYPE OF CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS |
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