Effects of Soundscapes on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms
Soundscapes in recreation settings are becoming an important issue, but there are few studies of the effects of sounds on recreation experiences, especially crowding perceptions and encounter norms. This study compared effects of six types of sounds (an airplane, a truck engine, children playing, bi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental management (New York) 2011-07, Vol.48 (1), p.89-97 |
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| creator | Kim, Sang-Oh Shelby, Bo |
| description | Soundscapes in recreation settings are becoming an important issue, but there are few studies of the effects of sounds on recreation experiences, especially crowding perceptions and encounter norms. This study compared effects of six types of sounds (an airplane, a truck engine, children playing, birds, water, and a control) on perceived crowding (PC) and encounter norms for hikers. Data were collected from 47 college students through lab experiments using simulated images, with moving hikers inserted in the original photo taken in the Jungmeori area of Mudeungsan Provincial Park in Korea. Overall, the motor-made sounds of the airplane and truck engine increased PC and decreased acceptability ratings, and the natural sounds of birds and water decreased PC and increased acceptability ratings. Ratings of the sound of children playing were similar to those in the control (i.e., no sound). In addition, as numbers of hikers increased, the overall effects of sounds decreased, and there were few significant differences in PC or acceptability ratings at the highest encounter levels. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x |
| format | Article |
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This study compared effects of six types of sounds (an airplane, a truck engine, children playing, birds, water, and a control) on perceived crowding (PC) and encounter norms for hikers. Data were collected from 47 college students through lab experiments using simulated images, with moving hikers inserted in the original photo taken in the Jungmeori area of Mudeungsan Provincial Park in Korea. Overall, the motor-made sounds of the airplane and truck engine increased PC and decreased acceptability ratings, and the natural sounds of birds and water decreased PC and increased acceptability ratings. Ratings of the sound of children playing were similar to those in the control (i.e., no sound). In addition, as numbers of hikers increased, the overall effects of sounds decreased, and there were few significant differences in PC or acceptability ratings at the highest encounter levels. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-152X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1009</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21604165</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Acceptability ; Acoustics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aircraft ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Behavior ; Birds ; Crowding ; Crowding - psychology ; Crowds ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Encounters ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Female ; Forestry Management ; Humans ; Male ; National parks ; Nature Conservation ; Noise ; Norms ; Parks & recreation areas ; Perceptions ; Polycarbonates ; Provincial parks ; Ratings ; Recreation ; Republic of Korea ; Sensory perception ; Sound ; Soundscapes ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Environmental management (New York), 2011-07, Vol.48 (1), p.89-97</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-c571feea9e653fedafc083d6e3d77db5d947996b9e505c7dc310ce58e529ef223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-c571feea9e653fedafc083d6e3d77db5d947996b9e505c7dc310ce58e529ef223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21604165$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Sang-Oh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelby, Bo</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Soundscapes on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms</title><title>Environmental management (New York)</title><addtitle>Environmental Management</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Manage</addtitle><description>Soundscapes in recreation settings are becoming an important issue, but there are few studies of the effects of sounds on recreation experiences, especially crowding perceptions and encounter norms. 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Academic</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><jtitle>Environmental management (New York)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Sang-Oh</au><au>Shelby, Bo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Soundscapes on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms</atitle><jtitle>Environmental management (New York)</jtitle><stitle>Environmental Management</stitle><addtitle>Environ Manage</addtitle><date>2011-07-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>89</spage><epage>97</epage><pages>89-97</pages><issn>0364-152X</issn><eissn>1432-1009</eissn><abstract>Soundscapes in recreation settings are becoming an important issue, but there are few studies of the effects of sounds on recreation experiences, especially crowding perceptions and encounter norms. This study compared effects of six types of sounds (an airplane, a truck engine, children playing, birds, water, and a control) on perceived crowding (PC) and encounter norms for hikers. Data were collected from 47 college students through lab experiments using simulated images, with moving hikers inserted in the original photo taken in the Jungmeori area of Mudeungsan Provincial Park in Korea. Overall, the motor-made sounds of the airplane and truck engine increased PC and decreased acceptability ratings, and the natural sounds of birds and water decreased PC and increased acceptability ratings. Ratings of the sound of children playing were similar to those in the control (i.e., no sound). In addition, as numbers of hikers increased, the overall effects of sounds decreased, and there were few significant differences in PC or acceptability ratings at the highest encounter levels. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21604165</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00267-011-9680-x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acceptability Acoustics Adolescent Adult Aircraft Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Behavior Birds Crowding Crowding - psychology Crowds Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Encounters Environment Environmental Management Female Forestry Management Humans Male National parks Nature Conservation Noise Norms Parks & recreation areas Perceptions Polycarbonates Provincial parks Ratings Recreation Republic of Korea Sensory perception Sound Soundscapes Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Young Adult |
| title | Effects of Soundscapes on Perceived Crowding and Encounter Norms |
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