Spring-associated limestones of the Eastern Alps: overview of facies, deposystems, minerals, and biota
In the Eastern Alps, both fossil spring limestones and actively limestone-depositing springs are common. The geological context and a few radiometric age data of fossil spring-associated limestones (SAL) mentioned herein indicate that they accumulated subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Ea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Facies 2011-07, Vol.57 (3), p.395-416 |
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| description | In the Eastern Alps, both fossil spring limestones and actively limestone-depositing springs are common. The geological context and a few radiometric age data of fossil spring-associated limestones (SAL) mentioned herein indicate that they accumulated subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Eastern Alps (24–21 ka BP). Prevalent facies of the SAL deposits, active and fossil, including phytoclastic tufa, microbialites
s.l.
, springstone, and moss tufa form, or formed, from (a) waterfall/creek systems, (b) hillslope-paludal systems, (c) moss-tufa systems, and from (c) foreland-type systems. Precipitated minerals include calcite and, at springs of elevated Mg/Ca ratio, magnesian calcite and aragonite. In a few limestone-depositing, oxygen-deficient springs with dissolved Fe
2+
, downstream, iron oxide precipitates ahead of CaCO
3
(mineralogical zonation). Biota associated with calcium-carbonate deposition include cyanobacteria, green micro-algae, macro-algae, and mosses. Calcium-carbonate precipitation may be speeded by biological mediation, but mineralogy and polymorphy of precipitated CaCO
3
are not biotically controlled. In the Eastern Alps, SAL deposits in total range from 190 to 2,520 m a.s.l., corresponding to mean annual temperatures of 10°C to less than 0°C. In altitudes below the continuous permafrost line (about 2,600–3,000 m a.s.l., depending on location), SAL deposition is chiefly controlled by proper balance between water supply and sufficient supersaturation for CaCO
3
, rather than by mean annual temperature. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10347-010-0252-y |
| format | Article |
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s.l.
, springstone, and moss tufa form, or formed, from (a) waterfall/creek systems, (b) hillslope-paludal systems, (c) moss-tufa systems, and from (c) foreland-type systems. Precipitated minerals include calcite and, at springs of elevated Mg/Ca ratio, magnesian calcite and aragonite. In a few limestone-depositing, oxygen-deficient springs with dissolved Fe
2+
, downstream, iron oxide precipitates ahead of CaCO
3
(mineralogical zonation). Biota associated with calcium-carbonate deposition include cyanobacteria, green micro-algae, macro-algae, and mosses. Calcium-carbonate precipitation may be speeded by biological mediation, but mineralogy and polymorphy of precipitated CaCO
3
are not biotically controlled. In the Eastern Alps, SAL deposits in total range from 190 to 2,520 m a.s.l., corresponding to mean annual temperatures of 10°C to less than 0°C. In altitudes below the continuous permafrost line (about 2,600–3,000 m a.s.l., depending on location), SAL deposition is chiefly controlled by proper balance between water supply and sufficient supersaturation for CaCO
3
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s.l.
, springstone, and moss tufa form, or formed, from (a) waterfall/creek systems, (b) hillslope-paludal systems, (c) moss-tufa systems, and from (c) foreland-type systems. Precipitated minerals include calcite and, at springs of elevated Mg/Ca ratio, magnesian calcite and aragonite. In a few limestone-depositing, oxygen-deficient springs with dissolved Fe
2+
, downstream, iron oxide precipitates ahead of CaCO
3
(mineralogical zonation). Biota associated with calcium-carbonate deposition include cyanobacteria, green micro-algae, macro-algae, and mosses. Calcium-carbonate precipitation may be speeded by biological mediation, but mineralogy and polymorphy of precipitated CaCO
3
are not biotically controlled. In the Eastern Alps, SAL deposits in total range from 190 to 2,520 m a.s.l., corresponding to mean annual temperatures of 10°C to less than 0°C. In altitudes below the continuous permafrost line (about 2,600–3,000 m a.s.l., depending on location), SAL deposition is chiefly controlled by proper balance between water supply and sufficient supersaturation for CaCO
3
, rather than by mean annual temperature.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Alps</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium carbonate</subject><subject>Cyanobacteria</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Limestone</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Mosses</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Paleontology</subject><subject>Permafrost</subject><subject>Sedimentology</subject><subject>Springs</subject><subject>Supersaturation</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Zonation</subject><issn>0172-9179</issn><issn>1612-4820</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtLxDAUhYMoOI7-AHfFjS6M3pu0SetOxBcILtR1yLQ3WmmbMeko8-_NOIIg6Cqv75zk5DC2j3CCAPo0Ishcc0DgIArBlxtsggoFz0sBm2wCqAWvUFfbbCfGVwChQcKEuYd5aIdnbmP0dWtHarKu7SmOfqCYeZeNL5Rd2jhSGLLzbh7PMv9O4b2lj9Wps3VL8ThraO7jMlF9WvTtQMF2aWaHJpu1frS7bMulHdr7Hqfs6ery8eKG391f316c33Gbgxy5EwgKGmpy56pGyLJ0M5JCqBSuKVBIMbO5lhJRY5HLKkUmVSioc6tEpbWcssO17zz4t0WKYfo21tR1diC_iKbUSsgKS5nIo39JVHm6V6qiTOjBL_TVL8KQciQ_1KVYvWzKcA3VwccYyJn0sb0NS4NgVhWZdUUmVWRWFZll0oi1Jn6VQOHH-G_RJ4MCkmA</recordid><startdate>20110701</startdate><enddate>20110701</enddate><creator>Sanders, Diethard</creator><creator>Wertl, Waltraud</creator><creator>Rott, Eugen</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110701</creationdate><title>Spring-associated limestones of the Eastern Alps: overview of facies, deposystems, minerals, and biota</title><author>Sanders, Diethard ; Wertl, Waltraud ; Rott, Eugen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a403t-f21060ded4ff9d2388fbe3226034d51232ba473311715439347e6560c4a629773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Alps</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Biota</topic><topic>Calcite</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium carbonate</topic><topic>Cyanobacteria</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Iron oxides</topic><topic>Limestone</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Mosses</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Paleontology</topic><topic>Permafrost</topic><topic>Sedimentology</topic><topic>Springs</topic><topic>Supersaturation</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Zonation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sanders, Diethard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wertl, Waltraud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rott, Eugen</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Facies</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sanders, Diethard</au><au>Wertl, Waltraud</au><au>Rott, Eugen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spring-associated limestones of the Eastern Alps: overview of facies, deposystems, minerals, and biota</atitle><jtitle>Facies</jtitle><stitle>Facies</stitle><date>2011-07-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>395</spage><epage>416</epage><pages>395-416</pages><issn>0172-9179</issn><eissn>1612-4820</eissn><abstract>In the Eastern Alps, both fossil spring limestones and actively limestone-depositing springs are common. The geological context and a few radiometric age data of fossil spring-associated limestones (SAL) mentioned herein indicate that they accumulated subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Eastern Alps (24–21 ka BP). Prevalent facies of the SAL deposits, active and fossil, including phytoclastic tufa, microbialites
s.l.
, springstone, and moss tufa form, or formed, from (a) waterfall/creek systems, (b) hillslope-paludal systems, (c) moss-tufa systems, and from (c) foreland-type systems. Precipitated minerals include calcite and, at springs of elevated Mg/Ca ratio, magnesian calcite and aragonite. In a few limestone-depositing, oxygen-deficient springs with dissolved Fe
2+
, downstream, iron oxide precipitates ahead of CaCO
3
(mineralogical zonation). Biota associated with calcium-carbonate deposition include cyanobacteria, green micro-algae, macro-algae, and mosses. Calcium-carbonate precipitation may be speeded by biological mediation, but mineralogy and polymorphy of precipitated CaCO
3
are not biotically controlled. In the Eastern Alps, SAL deposits in total range from 190 to 2,520 m a.s.l., corresponding to mean annual temperatures of 10°C to less than 0°C. In altitudes below the continuous permafrost line (about 2,600–3,000 m a.s.l., depending on location), SAL deposition is chiefly controlled by proper balance between water supply and sufficient supersaturation for CaCO
3
, rather than by mean annual temperature.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s10347-010-0252-y</doi><tpages>22</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Algae Alps Biogeosciences Biota Calcite Calcium Calcium carbonate Cyanobacteria Deposition Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Ecology Fossils Geochemistry Geology Iron oxides Limestone Microorganisms Mineralogy Minerals Mosses Original Article Oxygen Paleontology Permafrost Sedimentology Springs Supersaturation Water supply Zonation |
| title | Spring-associated limestones of the Eastern Alps: overview of facies, deposystems, minerals, and biota |
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