Renal calculi in wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in England
Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty-eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There wa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary record 2011-07, Vol.169 (2), p.49-49 |
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| creator | Simpson, V. R. Tomlinson, A. J. Molenaar, F. M. Lawson, B. Rogers, K. D. |
| description | Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty-eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There was an increase in prevalence in the study population over time; no calculi were found in 73 otters examined between 1988 and 1996, but in most subsequent years they were observed with increased frequency. Calculi occurred in both kidneys but were more common in the right kidney. They varied greatly in shape and size; larger calculi were mostly seen in the calyces while the smallest ones were commonly found in the renal medulla. Calculi from 45 cases were examined by x-ray diffraction analysis; in 43 (96 per cent), they were composed solely of ammonium acid urate. Affected otters had heavier adrenal glands relative to their body size than unaffected otters (P0.05). Many otters had fresh bite wounds consistent with intraspecific aggression. The proportion bitten increased over time and this coincided with the increased prevalence of renal calculi. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/vr.d1929 |
| format | Article |
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R. ; Tomlinson, A. J. ; Molenaar, F. M. ; Lawson, B. ; Rogers, K. D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Simpson, V. R. ; Tomlinson, A. J. ; Molenaar, F. M. ; Lawson, B. ; Rogers, K. D.</creatorcontrib><description>Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty-eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There was an increase in prevalence in the study population over time; no calculi were found in 73 otters examined between 1988 and 1996, but in most subsequent years they were observed with increased frequency. Calculi occurred in both kidneys but were more common in the right kidney. They varied greatly in shape and size; larger calculi were mostly seen in the calyces while the smallest ones were commonly found in the renal medulla. Calculi from 45 cases were examined by x-ray diffraction analysis; in 43 (96 per cent), they were composed solely of ammonium acid urate. Affected otters had heavier adrenal glands relative to their body size than unaffected otters (P<0.001). There was no significant association between body condition index and the presence of calculi (P>0.05). Many otters had fresh bite wounds consistent with intraspecific aggression. The proportion bitten increased over time and this coincided with the increased prevalence of renal calculi.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0042-4900</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2042-7670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/vr.d1929</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21676988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Limited</publisher><subject>Animal behavior ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Behavior, Animal ; Bites and Stings - epidemiology ; Bites and Stings - veterinary ; England - epidemiology ; Female ; Kidney Calculi - chemistry ; Kidney Calculi - epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi - veterinary ; Kidney stones ; Kidneys ; Male ; Otters - injuries ; Prevalence ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Veterinary record, 2011-07, Vol.169 (2), p.49-49</ispartof><rights>British Veterinary Association</rights><rights>British Veterinary Association 2011</rights><rights>Copyright: 2011 British Veterinary Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b3105-b6ae121c753c3744f07d240d2a1bf8e4f7adab0ed2818b24235e505c1b920dfa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b3105-b6ae121c753c3744f07d240d2a1bf8e4f7adab0ed2818b24235e505c1b920dfa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1136%2Fvr.d1929$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1136%2Fvr.d1929$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simpson, V. 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They varied greatly in shape and size; larger calculi were mostly seen in the calyces while the smallest ones were commonly found in the renal medulla. Calculi from 45 cases were examined by x-ray diffraction analysis; in 43 (96 per cent), they were composed solely of ammonium acid urate. Affected otters had heavier adrenal glands relative to their body size than unaffected otters (P<0.001). There was no significant association between body condition index and the presence of calculi (P>0.05). Many otters had fresh bite wounds consistent with intraspecific aggression. The proportion bitten increased over time and this coincided with the increased prevalence of renal calculi.</description><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Wild</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Bites and Stings - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bites and Stings - veterinary</subject><subject>England - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Kidney Calculi - chemistry</subject><subject>Kidney Calculi - epidemiology</subject><subject>Kidney Calculi - veterinary</subject><subject>Kidney stones</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Otters - injuries</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0042-4900</issn><issn>2042-7670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp10F1LwzAUBuAgipsf4C-QghfOi85z0qRpbwQdnQoDYUxvQ9qk0tG1M1kn-_e2bioIu0ly8fDmnJeQC4QhYhDeru1QY0zjA9KnwKgvQgGHpA_dm8UAPXLi3ByAxjygx6RHMRRhHEV9cjc1lSq9TJVZUxZeUXmfRam9pLHKFary6tXKWOcNJs3KKq_szptOJdV7qSp9Ro5yVTpzvrtPyes4mY2e_MnL4_PofuKnAQL301AZpJgJHmSBYCwHoSkDTRWmeWRYLpRWKRhNI4xSymjADQeeYRpT0LkKTsn1Nndp64_GuJVcFC4zZTuDqRsnIxFiDIyLVl79k_O6se2OTqIQcYjIQt6qwVZltnbOmlwubbFQdiMRZFepXFv5XWlLL3eBTbow-hf-dNgC3IK2ObPZGyTfktn0YUyBAv-bMl3M93_9BQ7ciek</recordid><startdate>20110709</startdate><enddate>20110709</enddate><creator>Simpson, V. 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D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b3105-b6ae121c753c3744f07d240d2a1bf8e4f7adab0ed2818b24235e505c1b920dfa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Wild</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal</topic><topic>Bites and Stings - epidemiology</topic><topic>Bites and Stings - veterinary</topic><topic>England - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Kidney Calculi - chemistry</topic><topic>Kidney Calculi - epidemiology</topic><topic>Kidney Calculi - veterinary</topic><topic>Kidney stones</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Otters - injuries</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Simpson, V. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomlinson, A. 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R.</au><au>Tomlinson, A. J.</au><au>Molenaar, F. M.</au><au>Lawson, B.</au><au>Rogers, K. D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Renal calculi in wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in England</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary record</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Rec</addtitle><date>2011-07-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>169</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>49</spage><epage>49</epage><pages>49-49</pages><issn>0042-4900</issn><eissn>2042-7670</eissn><abstract>Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty-eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There was an increase in prevalence in the study population over time; no calculi were found in 73 otters examined between 1988 and 1996, but in most subsequent years they were observed with increased frequency. Calculi occurred in both kidneys but were more common in the right kidney. They varied greatly in shape and size; larger calculi were mostly seen in the calyces while the smallest ones were commonly found in the renal medulla. Calculi from 45 cases were examined by x-ray diffraction analysis; in 43 (96 per cent), they were composed solely of ammonium acid urate. Affected otters had heavier adrenal glands relative to their body size than unaffected otters (P<0.001). There was no significant association between body condition index and the presence of calculi (P>0.05). Many otters had fresh bite wounds consistent with intraspecific aggression. The proportion bitten increased over time and this coincided with the increased prevalence of renal calculi.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Limited</pub><pmid>21676988</pmid><doi>10.1136/vr.d1929</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Veterinary record, 2011-07, Vol.169 (2), p.49-49 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Animal behavior Animals Animals, Wild Behavior, Animal Bites and Stings - epidemiology Bites and Stings - veterinary England - epidemiology Female Kidney Calculi - chemistry Kidney Calculi - epidemiology Kidney Calculi - veterinary Kidney stones Kidneys Male Otters - injuries Prevalence Studies |
| title | Renal calculi in wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in England |
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