Distribution of D-Aspartate-Immunopositive Cells in the Ganglion Cell Layer of Adult Rat Retina
Background/Aims:D-aspartate is an important candidate for retinal neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cells type and distribution of the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Methods: Wister rats were fixed by perfusion with 5%...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ophthalmic research 2011-01, Vol.46 (1), p.13-18 |
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| creator | Sasoh, Mikio Ma, Ning Matsubara, Hisashi Matsunaga, Koich Uji, Yukitaka |
| description | Background/Aims:D-aspartate is an important candidate for retinal neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cells type and distribution of the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Methods: Wister rats were fixed by perfusion with 5% glutaraldehyde. Paraffin sections of the retina were immunohistochemically double-labeled using D-aspartate and glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid antibodies. After labeling the whole-mount retina by D-aspartate, the cell densities of both the perivascular and nonperivascular areas in the ganglion cell layer were measured for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones, respectively. Results: Within the paraffin section, some of the glutamate-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer were D-aspartate immunoreactive. These D-aspartate-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer were more frequently observed along the retinal vessels in the whole-mount retina. The D-aspartate-positive cell densities in the perivascular area were significantly higher than those in the nonperivascular area for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the ganglion cell layer, the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells proved to be the ganglion cells, with their distribution found to be denser along the large retinal vessels such as the arterioles or venules. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1159/000321944 |
| format | Article |
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the cells type and distribution of the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Methods: Wister rats were fixed by perfusion with 5% glutaraldehyde. Paraffin sections of the retina were immunohistochemically double-labeled using D-aspartate and glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid antibodies. After labeling the whole-mount retina by D-aspartate, the cell densities of both the perivascular and nonperivascular areas in the ganglion cell layer were measured for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones, respectively. Results: Within the paraffin section, some of the glutamate-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer were D-aspartate immunoreactive. These D-aspartate-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer were more frequently observed along the retinal vessels in the whole-mount retina. The D-aspartate-positive cell densities in the perivascular area were significantly higher than those in the nonperivascular area for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the ganglion cell layer, the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells proved to be the ganglion cells, with their distribution found to be denser along the large retinal vessels such as the arterioles or venules.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0030-3747</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1423-0259</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000321944</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21109759</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies ; Arterioles ; Blood vessels ; Cell Count ; Cell density ; D-Aspartic Acid - metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; gamma -Aminobutyric acid ; Glutamic acid ; Glutaraldehyde ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Neuromodulation ; Neurotransmitters ; Original Paper ; Paraffin ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina ; Retina - cytology ; Retinal ganglion cells ; Retinal Ganglion Cells - cytology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Ophthalmic research, 2011-01, Vol.46 (1), p.13-18</ispartof><rights>2010 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-eae3885eb05d1dd2140125c7cfdd2a4c565ca47a670eb51ef88fd106944bfa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2423,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109759$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sasoh, Mikio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsubara, Hisashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsunaga, Koich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uji, Yukitaka</creatorcontrib><title>Distribution of D-Aspartate-Immunopositive Cells in the Ganglion Cell Layer of Adult Rat Retina</title><title>Ophthalmic research</title><addtitle>Ophthalmic Res</addtitle><description>Background/Aims:D-aspartate is an important candidate for retinal neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cells type and distribution of the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Methods: Wister rats were fixed by perfusion with 5% glutaraldehyde. Paraffin sections of the retina were immunohistochemically double-labeled using D-aspartate and glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid antibodies. After labeling the whole-mount retina by D-aspartate, the cell densities of both the perivascular and nonperivascular areas in the ganglion cell layer were measured for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones, respectively. Results: Within the paraffin section, some of the glutamate-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer were D-aspartate immunoreactive. These D-aspartate-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer were more frequently observed along the retinal vessels in the whole-mount retina. The D-aspartate-positive cell densities in the perivascular area were significantly higher than those in the nonperivascular area for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the ganglion cell layer, the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells proved to be the ganglion cells, with their distribution found to be denser along the large retinal vessels such as the arterioles or venules.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Arterioles</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Cell Count</subject><subject>Cell density</subject><subject>D-Aspartic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</subject><subject>gamma -Aminobutyric acid</subject><subject>Glutamic acid</subject><subject>Glutaraldehyde</subject><subject>Immunoenzyme Techniques</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neuromodulation</subject><subject>Neurotransmitters</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Paraffin</subject><subject>Perfusion</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Retina - cytology</subject><subject>Retinal ganglion cells</subject><subject>Retinal Ganglion Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism</subject><issn>0030-3747</issn><issn>1423-0259</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp90UtLxDAQB_Agirs-Dt5Fihf1UJ00SZscl11fsCCo95K20zXax5qkgt_eLLvuwYOHEDL85k-GIeSEwjWlQt0AAEuo4nyHjClPWAyJULtkHMoQs4xnI3Lg3DtAwAr2ySihFFQm1JjkM-O8NcXgTd9FfR3N4olbauu1x_ixbYeuX_bOePOF0RSbxkWmi_wbRve6WzSrnlU1mutvtKv2STU0PnrW4aA3nT4ie7VuHB5v7kPycnf7On2I50_3j9PJPC6Zoj5GjUxKgQWIilZVQjnQRJRZWYeH5qVIRal5ptMMsBAUaynrikIaZi5qzQ7JxTp1afvPAZ3PW-PK8DHdYT-4XGYJZwKUDPLyX0mBSaFSJrJAz__Q936wXZgi5KUgFUge0NUalbZ3zmKdL61ptf0OSflqOfl2OcGebQKHosVqK3-3EcDpGnxou0C7BZv-H_k7kTc</recordid><startdate>20110101</startdate><enddate>20110101</enddate><creator>Sasoh, Mikio</creator><creator>Ma, Ning</creator><creator>Matsubara, Hisashi</creator><creator>Matsunaga, Koich</creator><creator>Uji, Yukitaka</creator><general>S. Karger AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110101</creationdate><title>Distribution of D-Aspartate-Immunopositive Cells in the Ganglion Cell Layer of Adult Rat Retina</title><author>Sasoh, Mikio ; Ma, Ning ; Matsubara, Hisashi ; Matsunaga, Koich ; Uji, Yukitaka</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-eae3885eb05d1dd2140125c7cfdd2a4c565ca47a670eb51ef88fd106944bfa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Arterioles</topic><topic>Blood vessels</topic><topic>Cell Count</topic><topic>Cell density</topic><topic>D-Aspartic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</topic><topic>gamma -Aminobutyric acid</topic><topic>Glutamic acid</topic><topic>Glutaraldehyde</topic><topic>Immunoenzyme Techniques</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neuromodulation</topic><topic>Neurotransmitters</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Paraffin</topic><topic>Perfusion</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Retina</topic><topic>Retina - cytology</topic><topic>Retinal ganglion cells</topic><topic>Retinal Ganglion Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sasoh, Mikio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsubara, Hisashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsunaga, Koich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uji, Yukitaka</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ophthalmic research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sasoh, Mikio</au><au>Ma, Ning</au><au>Matsubara, Hisashi</au><au>Matsunaga, Koich</au><au>Uji, Yukitaka</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Distribution of D-Aspartate-Immunopositive Cells in the Ganglion Cell Layer of Adult Rat Retina</atitle><jtitle>Ophthalmic research</jtitle><addtitle>Ophthalmic Res</addtitle><date>2011-01-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>13</spage><epage>18</epage><pages>13-18</pages><issn>0030-3747</issn><eissn>1423-0259</eissn><abstract>Background/Aims:D-aspartate is an important candidate for retinal neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cells type and distribution of the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Methods: Wister rats were fixed by perfusion with 5% glutaraldehyde. Paraffin sections of the retina were immunohistochemically double-labeled using D-aspartate and glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid antibodies. After labeling the whole-mount retina by D-aspartate, the cell densities of both the perivascular and nonperivascular areas in the ganglion cell layer were measured for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones, respectively. Results: Within the paraffin section, some of the glutamate-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer were D-aspartate immunoreactive. These D-aspartate-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer were more frequently observed along the retinal vessels in the whole-mount retina. The D-aspartate-positive cell densities in the perivascular area were significantly higher than those in the nonperivascular area for the central, midperipheral, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the ganglion cell layer, the D-aspartate-immunopositive cells proved to be the ganglion cells, with their distribution found to be denser along the large retinal vessels such as the arterioles or venules.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>S. Karger AG</pub><pmid>21109759</pmid><doi>10.1159/000321944</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Antibodies Arterioles Blood vessels Cell Count Cell density D-Aspartic Acid - metabolism Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect gamma -Aminobutyric acid Glutamic acid Glutaraldehyde Immunoenzyme Techniques Male Neuromodulation Neurotransmitters Original Paper Paraffin Perfusion Rats Rats, Wistar Retina Retina - cytology Retinal ganglion cells Retinal Ganglion Cells - cytology Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism |
| title | Distribution of D-Aspartate-Immunopositive Cells in the Ganglion Cell Layer of Adult Rat Retina |
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