Evolution of shrub-like growth forms in the lianoid subfamily Secamonoideae (Apocynaceae s.l.) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biomechanics, and development

Lianas are common in the Apocynaceae s.l. and are predominant in the subfamily Secamonoideae. Shrub-like taxa are rare within this subfamily but occur in Malagasy genera such as Secamone, Secamonopsis, and PERVILLAEA: We explored the evolutionary appearance of shrub-like growth forms in Malagasy Sec...

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