Surface Relief Versus Standard VCSELs: A Comparison Between Experimental and Hot-Cavity Model Results
We present a detailed experimental as well as theoretical study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with and without etched surface modifications. The so-called inverted surface relief leads to a suppression of higher-order transverse modes, where measurements of output power and opt...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics 2009-05, Vol.15 (3), p.828-837 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics |
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| creator | Debernardi, P. Kroner, A. Rinaldi, F. Michalzik, R. |
| description | We present a detailed experimental as well as theoretical study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with and without etched surface modifications. The so-called inverted surface relief leads to a suppression of higher-order transverse modes, where measurements of output power and optical spectra show a maximum single-mode output power of 6.1 mW. For simulations, a hot-cavity model is applied, which can handle the complex electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic problems in a VCSEL structure in a fully 3-D manner. The optical characteristics of both structures, including current-dependent output power and spectral properties up to thermal rollover, are very well reproduced by the simulations. Furthermore, the evolution of the beam profile is investigated by simulations as well as spectrally resolved near-field measurements at various distances to the laser surface. Here, the simulations confirm the significantly stronger thermal guiding in the relief device indicated in the measurements. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2015152 |
| format | Article |
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The so-called inverted surface relief leads to a suppression of higher-order transverse modes, where measurements of output power and optical spectra show a maximum single-mode output power of 6.1 mW. For simulations, a hot-cavity model is applied, which can handle the complex electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic problems in a VCSEL structure in a fully 3-D manner. The optical characteristics of both structures, including current-dependent output power and spectral properties up to thermal rollover, are very well reproduced by the simulations. Furthermore, the evolution of the beam profile is investigated by simulations as well as spectrally resolved near-field measurements at various distances to the laser surface. Here, the simulations confirm the significantly stronger thermal guiding in the relief device indicated in the measurements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1077-260X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-4542</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2015152</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSQEN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Beams (radiation) ; Computer simulation ; Electric power generation ; Electromagnetic measurements ; Electromagnetic modeling ; Etching ; Evolution ; Laser beams ; Laser modes ; Laser theory ; Lasers ; Optical near-field ; Power generation ; Power measurement ; semiconductor laser modeling ; Simulation ; Spectra ; Surface emitting lasers ; surface relief ; thermal model ; VCSEL ; Vertical cavity surface emission lasers ; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers ; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser</subject><ispartof>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, 2009-05, Vol.15 (3), p.828-837</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-30cea802dbf236db8ad626995082434455595bf25cc18693b8f301caaab85d9a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-30cea802dbf236db8ad626995082434455595bf25cc18693b8f301caaab85d9a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4840488$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,794,27911,27912,54745</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4840488$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Debernardi, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kroner, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinaldi, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michalzik, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Surface Relief Versus Standard VCSELs: A Comparison Between Experimental and Hot-Cavity Model Results</title><title>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics</title><addtitle>JSTQE</addtitle><description>We present a detailed experimental as well as theoretical study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with and without etched surface modifications. The so-called inverted surface relief leads to a suppression of higher-order transverse modes, where measurements of output power and optical spectra show a maximum single-mode output power of 6.1 mW. For simulations, a hot-cavity model is applied, which can handle the complex electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic problems in a VCSEL structure in a fully 3-D manner. The optical characteristics of both structures, including current-dependent output power and spectral properties up to thermal rollover, are very well reproduced by the simulations. Furthermore, the evolution of the beam profile is investigated by simulations as well as spectrally resolved near-field measurements at various distances to the laser surface. Here, the simulations confirm the significantly stronger thermal guiding in the relief device indicated in the measurements.</description><subject>Beams (radiation)</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Electric power generation</subject><subject>Electromagnetic measurements</subject><subject>Electromagnetic modeling</subject><subject>Etching</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Laser beams</subject><subject>Laser modes</subject><subject>Laser theory</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Optical near-field</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>Power measurement</subject><subject>semiconductor laser modeling</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Spectra</subject><subject>Surface emitting lasers</subject><subject>surface relief</subject><subject>thermal model</subject><subject>VCSEL</subject><subject>Vertical cavity surface emission lasers</subject><subject>Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers</subject><subject>vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser</subject><issn>1077-260X</issn><issn>1558-4542</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctOwzAQRSMEEs8fgI3FAlYp41dqsytReakIQUvFznKTiZQqTYqdAP17XIpYsGBjW_I5V5q5UXRMoUcp6Iv78eRp2GMAOhxUUsm2oj0qpYqFFGw7vKHfj1kCr7vRvvdzAFBCwV6E484VNkPyjFWJBZmi850n49bWuXU5mabj4chfkgFJm8XSutI3NbnC9gOxJsPPJbpygXVrKxIEctu0cWrfy3ZFHpocq5Dqu6r1h9FOYSuPRz_3QfRyPZykt_Ho8eYuHYzijMt-G3PI0Cpg-axgPMlnyuYJS7SWoJjgQkgptQx_MsuoSjSfqYIDzay1MyVzbflBdL7JXbrmrUPfmkXpM6wqW2PTeROkMLZWPJBn_5I84ZIxrQN4-gecN52rwxRGU8YVcLpOYxsoc433DguzDHuxbmUomHVB5rsgsy7I_BQUpJONVCLiryCUAKEU_wLuPIth</recordid><startdate>20090501</startdate><enddate>20090501</enddate><creator>Debernardi, P.</creator><creator>Kroner, A.</creator><creator>Rinaldi, F.</creator><creator>Michalzik, R.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090501</creationdate><title>Surface Relief Versus Standard VCSELs: A Comparison Between Experimental and Hot-Cavity Model Results</title><author>Debernardi, P. ; Kroner, A. ; Rinaldi, F. ; Michalzik, R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-30cea802dbf236db8ad626995082434455595bf25cc18693b8f301caaab85d9a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Beams (radiation)</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Electric power generation</topic><topic>Electromagnetic measurements</topic><topic>Electromagnetic modeling</topic><topic>Etching</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Laser beams</topic><topic>Laser modes</topic><topic>Laser theory</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Optical near-field</topic><topic>Power generation</topic><topic>Power measurement</topic><topic>semiconductor laser modeling</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Spectra</topic><topic>Surface emitting lasers</topic><topic>surface relief</topic><topic>thermal model</topic><topic>VCSEL</topic><topic>Vertical cavity surface emission lasers</topic><topic>Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers</topic><topic>vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Debernardi, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kroner, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinaldi, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michalzik, R.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Debernardi, P.</au><au>Kroner, A.</au><au>Rinaldi, F.</au><au>Michalzik, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Surface Relief Versus Standard VCSELs: A Comparison Between Experimental and Hot-Cavity Model Results</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics</jtitle><stitle>JSTQE</stitle><date>2009-05-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>828</spage><epage>837</epage><pages>828-837</pages><issn>1077-260X</issn><eissn>1558-4542</eissn><coden>IJSQEN</coden><abstract>We present a detailed experimental as well as theoretical study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with and without etched surface modifications. The so-called inverted surface relief leads to a suppression of higher-order transverse modes, where measurements of output power and optical spectra show a maximum single-mode output power of 6.1 mW. For simulations, a hot-cavity model is applied, which can handle the complex electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic problems in a VCSEL structure in a fully 3-D manner. The optical characteristics of both structures, including current-dependent output power and spectral properties up to thermal rollover, are very well reproduced by the simulations. Furthermore, the evolution of the beam profile is investigated by simulations as well as spectrally resolved near-field measurements at various distances to the laser surface. Here, the simulations confirm the significantly stronger thermal guiding in the relief device indicated in the measurements.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2015152</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1077-260X |
| ispartof | IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, 2009-05, Vol.15 (3), p.828-837 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Beams (radiation) Computer simulation Electric power generation Electromagnetic measurements Electromagnetic modeling Etching Evolution Laser beams Laser modes Laser theory Lasers Optical near-field Power generation Power measurement semiconductor laser modeling Simulation Spectra Surface emitting lasers surface relief thermal model VCSEL Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser |
| title | Surface Relief Versus Standard VCSELs: A Comparison Between Experimental and Hot-Cavity Model Results |
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