Nitric oxide-mediated blood flow regulation as affected by smoking and nicotine

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, cerebral and coronary vascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Chronic smoking impairs endothelial function by decreasing the formation of nitric oxide and increasing the degradation of nitric oxide via generation of oxygen...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of pharmacology 2010-12, Vol.649 (1), p.1-13
Hauptverfasser: Toda, Noboru, Toda, Hiroshi
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Toda, Hiroshi
description Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, cerebral and coronary vascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Chronic smoking impairs endothelial function by decreasing the formation of nitric oxide and increasing the degradation of nitric oxide via generation of oxygen free radicals. Nitric oxide liberated from efferent nitrergic nerves is also involved in vasodilatation, increased regional blood flow, and hypotension that are impaired through nitric oxide sequestering by smoking-induced factors. Influence of smoking on nitric oxide-induced blood flow regulation is not necessarily the same in all organs and tissues. However, human studies are limited mainly to the forearm blood flow measurement that assesses endothelial function under basal and stimulated conditions and also determination of penile tumescence and erection in response to endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide. Therefore, information about blood flow regulation in other organs, such as the brain and placenta, has been provided mainly from studies on experimental animals. Nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, acutely dilates cerebral arteries and arterioles through nitric oxide liberated from nitrergic neurons, but chronically interferes with endothelial function in various vasculatures, both being noted in studies on experimental animals. Cigarette smoke constituents other than nicotine also have some vascular actions. Not only active but also passive smoking is undoubtedly harmful for both the smokers themselves and their neighbors, who should bear in mind that they can face serious diseases in the future, which may result in lengthy hospitalization, and a shortened lifespan.
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Chronic smoking impairs endothelial function by decreasing the formation of nitric oxide and increasing the degradation of nitric oxide via generation of oxygen free radicals. Nitric oxide liberated from efferent nitrergic nerves is also involved in vasodilatation, increased regional blood flow, and hypotension that are impaired through nitric oxide sequestering by smoking-induced factors. Influence of smoking on nitric oxide-induced blood flow regulation is not necessarily the same in all organs and tissues. However, human studies are limited mainly to the forearm blood flow measurement that assesses endothelial function under basal and stimulated conditions and also determination of penile tumescence and erection in response to endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide. Therefore, information about blood flow regulation in other organs, such as the brain and placenta, has been provided mainly from studies on experimental animals. Nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, acutely dilates cerebral arteries and arterioles through nitric oxide liberated from nitrergic neurons, but chronically interferes with endothelial function in various vasculatures, both being noted in studies on experimental animals. Cigarette smoke constituents other than nicotine also have some vascular actions. 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Chronic smoking impairs endothelial function by decreasing the formation of nitric oxide and increasing the degradation of nitric oxide via generation of oxygen free radicals. Nitric oxide liberated from efferent nitrergic nerves is also involved in vasodilatation, increased regional blood flow, and hypotension that are impaired through nitric oxide sequestering by smoking-induced factors. Influence of smoking on nitric oxide-induced blood flow regulation is not necessarily the same in all organs and tissues. However, human studies are limited mainly to the forearm blood flow measurement that assesses endothelial function under basal and stimulated conditions and also determination of penile tumescence and erection in response to endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide. Therefore, information about blood flow regulation in other organs, such as the brain and placenta, has been provided mainly from studies on experimental animals. 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Drug treatments</subject><subject>Smoke - analysis</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Tobacco, tobacco smoking</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0014-2999</issn><issn>1879-0712</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90E1vFCEYwHFibOxa_QaN4WJ6mvXhZRm4mJjGWpPGXuqZMPDQss4OW5hV--2l7rbePJGQ_8PLj5BTBksGTH1YL3G9vXNlyaFtgVmC5C_IgunedNAz_pIsAJjsuDHmmLyudQ0AK8NXr8gxB6206sWCXH9Lc0me5t8pYLfBkNyMgQ5jzoHGMf-iBW93o5tTnqir1MWI_m_xQOsm_0jTLXVToFPyeU4TviFH0Y0V3x7WE_L94vPN-WV3df3l6_mnq85LbeYuehU8CB08d6FX3qNy3MQwREQTtDK9NGoYGHDhsB9QG9SM9yJIjGrFhTghZ_tztyXf77DOdpOqx3F0E-Zdte13vVQrLVsp96UvudaC0W5L2rjyYBnYR0m7tntJ-yhpwdgm2cbeHS7YDY3leeiJrgXvD4Gr3o2xuMmn-q8TEoQSrHUf9x02jp8Ji60-4eQbdWmUNuT0_5f8AWD-lGY</recordid><startdate>20101215</startdate><enddate>20101215</enddate><creator>Toda, Noboru</creator><creator>Toda, Hiroshi</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101215</creationdate><title>Nitric oxide-mediated blood flow regulation as affected by smoking and nicotine</title><author>Toda, Noboru ; Toda, Hiroshi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-fc6dc038dc2ad76cce6a29fdbfee9d8697496bb1023ae7be89e81273d4ef65233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arteries</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Circulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Blood Circulation - physiology</topic><topic>Blood flow</topic><topic>Cigarette smoking</topic><topic>Endothelial dysfunction</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology</topic><topic>Hemodynamics - drug effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - innervation</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - metabolism</topic><topic>Nicotiana - chemistry</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Nicotine - toxicity</topic><topic>Nicotinic Agonists - toxicity</topic><topic>Nitrergic Neurons - drug effects</topic><topic>Nitrergic Neurons - metabolism</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - physiology</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Smoke - analysis</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects</topic><topic>Tobacco, tobacco smoking</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Toda, Noboru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toda, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>European journal of pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Toda, Noboru</au><au>Toda, Hiroshi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitric oxide-mediated blood flow regulation as affected by smoking and nicotine</atitle><jtitle>European journal of pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2010-12-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>649</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>1-13</pages><issn>0014-2999</issn><eissn>1879-0712</eissn><coden>EJPHAZ</coden><abstract>Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, cerebral and coronary vascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. 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subjects Animals
Arteries
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Circulation - drug effects
Blood Circulation - physiology
Blood flow
Cigarette smoking
Endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
Hemodynamics - drug effects
Humans
Medical sciences
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - innervation
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - metabolism
Nicotiana - chemistry
Nicotine
Nicotine - toxicity
Nicotinic Agonists - toxicity
Nitrergic Neurons - drug effects
Nitrergic Neurons - metabolism
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - antagonists & inhibitors
Nitric Oxide - physiology
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - antagonists & inhibitors
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Smoke - analysis
Smoking - adverse effects
Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
title Nitric oxide-mediated blood flow regulation as affected by smoking and nicotine
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