Electrokinetic remediation of plutonium-contaminated nuclear site wastes: Results from a pilot-scale on-site trial
This paper examines the field-scale application of a novel low-energy electrokinetic technique for the remediation of plutonium-contaminated nuclear site soils, using soil wastes from the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Aldermaston site, Berkshire, UK as a test medium. Soils and sediments with va...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of hazardous materials 2011-02, Vol.186 (2-3), p.1405-1414 |
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| creator | Agnew, Kieran Cundy, Andrew B. Hopkinson, Laurence Croudace, Ian W. Warwick, Phillip E. Purdie, Philip |
| description | This paper examines the field-scale application of a novel low-energy electrokinetic technique for the remediation of plutonium-contaminated nuclear site soils, using soil wastes from the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Aldermaston site, Berkshire, UK as a test medium. Soils and sediments with varying composition, contaminated with Pu through historical site operations, were electrokinetically treated at laboratory-scale with and without various soil pre-conditioning agents. Results from these bench-scale trials were used to inform a larger on-site remediation trial, using an adapted containment pack with battery power supply. 2.4m3 (ca. 4tonnes) of Pu-contaminated soil was treated for 60 days at a power consumption of 33kWh/m3, and then destructively sampled. Radiochemical data indicate mobilisation of Pu in the treated soil, and migration (probably as a negatively charged Pu–citrate complex) towards the anodic compartment of the treatment cell. Soil in the cathodic zone of the treatment unit was remediated to a level below free-release disposal thresholds (1.7Bq/g, or |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.016 |
| format | Article |
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Soils and sediments with varying composition, contaminated with Pu through historical site operations, were electrokinetically treated at laboratory-scale with and without various soil pre-conditioning agents. Results from these bench-scale trials were used to inform a larger on-site remediation trial, using an adapted containment pack with battery power supply. 2.4m3 (ca. 4tonnes) of Pu-contaminated soil was treated for 60 days at a power consumption of 33kWh/m3, and then destructively sampled. Radiochemical data indicate mobilisation of Pu in the treated soil, and migration (probably as a negatively charged Pu–citrate complex) towards the anodic compartment of the treatment cell. Soil in the cathodic zone of the treatment unit was remediated to a level below free-release disposal thresholds (1.7Bq/g, or <0.4Bq/g above background activities). The data show the potential of this method as a low-cost, on-site tool for remediation of radioactively contaminated soils and wastes which can be operated remotely on working sites, with minimal disruption to site infrastructure or operations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-3894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21227583</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JHMAD9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; batteries ; Battery ; Containment ; Contaminated land ; Contamination ; Decontamination. Miscellaneous ; Electrochemistry ; Electrodes ; Electrokinetic ; Electrokinetics ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Exact sciences and technology ; General treatment and storage processes ; Hazardous Waste ; historic sites ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; infrastructure ; Land remediation ; Nuclear Weapons ; On-site trial ; Pilot Projects ; Plutonium ; Plutonium - isolation & purification ; polluted soils ; Pollution ; Radioactive Waste - analysis ; Remediation ; sediments ; Soil and sediments pollution ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis ; Soils ; Wastes</subject><ispartof>Journal of hazardous materials, 2011-02, Vol.186 (2-3), p.1405-1414</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. 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Soils and sediments with varying composition, contaminated with Pu through historical site operations, were electrokinetically treated at laboratory-scale with and without various soil pre-conditioning agents. Results from these bench-scale trials were used to inform a larger on-site remediation trial, using an adapted containment pack with battery power supply. 2.4m3 (ca. 4tonnes) of Pu-contaminated soil was treated for 60 days at a power consumption of 33kWh/m3, and then destructively sampled. Radiochemical data indicate mobilisation of Pu in the treated soil, and migration (probably as a negatively charged Pu–citrate complex) towards the anodic compartment of the treatment cell. Soil in the cathodic zone of the treatment unit was remediated to a level below free-release disposal thresholds (1.7Bq/g, or <0.4Bq/g above background activities). The data show the potential of this method as a low-cost, on-site tool for remediation of radioactively contaminated soils and wastes which can be operated remotely on working sites, with minimal disruption to site infrastructure or operations.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>batteries</subject><subject>Battery</subject><subject>Containment</subject><subject>Contaminated land</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Decontamination. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electrokinetic</subject><subject>Electrokinetics</subject><subject>Environmental Restoration and Remediation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>General treatment and storage processes</subject><subject>Hazardous Waste</subject><subject>historic sites</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>infrastructure</subject><subject>Land remediation</subject><subject>Nuclear Weapons</subject><subject>On-site trial</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Plutonium</subject><subject>Plutonium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>polluted soils</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Radioactive Waste - analysis</subject><subject>Remediation</subject><subject>sediments</subject><subject>Soil and sediments pollution</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><issn>0304-3894</issn><issn>1873-3336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkkuPFCEQgInRuOvqT1C5GL30yKMftBdjNusj2cRE3TOh6UIZaRiB1uivt2Zn1Jt7IsBXVFFfEfKQsw1nvH--3Wy_mF-LqRvB9mdig6e3yClXg2yklP1tcsokaxupxvaE3CtlyxjjQ9feJSeCCzF0Sp6SfBHA1py--gjVW5phgdmb6lOkydFdWGuKfl0am2I1i4-mwkzjagOYTIuvQH-YUqG8oB-grKEW6nJaqKE7H1JtijUBaIrNNVqzN-E-ueNMKPDguJ6Rq9cXn87fNpfv37w7f3XZ2G7sa-M6BrODwQgJs2KDHVXLBUydVdMsnJTTYFrpcKPGzrC2l6qbBJskXrYYKc_I08O7u5y-rVCqXnyxEIKJkNaiVT8MUo68v5nssG_YdY7ks_-SfBiYbDmSiHYH1OZUSgand9kvJv_UnOm9Qr3VR4V6r1Bzodl1MY-OKdYJXfyN-uMMgSdHwOy767KJ1pd_HH5JoHnkHh84Z5I2nzMyVx8xU4djMLJetUi8PBCAGr57yLpYD9HiBGScCj0nf0OxvwFkDcdv</recordid><startdate>20110228</startdate><enddate>20110228</enddate><creator>Agnew, Kieran</creator><creator>Cundy, Andrew B.</creator><creator>Hopkinson, Laurence</creator><creator>Croudace, Ian W.</creator><creator>Warwick, Phillip E.</creator><creator>Purdie, Philip</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110228</creationdate><title>Electrokinetic remediation of plutonium-contaminated nuclear site wastes: Results from a pilot-scale on-site trial</title><author>Agnew, Kieran ; Cundy, Andrew B. ; Hopkinson, Laurence ; Croudace, Ian W. ; Warwick, Phillip E. ; Purdie, Philip</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c596t-f50edfe7a23ed807c98412eb5c8bd2f33b7a43f8bd895a046385b20b3d2f4edf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>batteries</topic><topic>Battery</topic><topic>Containment</topic><topic>Contaminated land</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Decontamination. 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Soils and sediments with varying composition, contaminated with Pu through historical site operations, were electrokinetically treated at laboratory-scale with and without various soil pre-conditioning agents. Results from these bench-scale trials were used to inform a larger on-site remediation trial, using an adapted containment pack with battery power supply. 2.4m3 (ca. 4tonnes) of Pu-contaminated soil was treated for 60 days at a power consumption of 33kWh/m3, and then destructively sampled. Radiochemical data indicate mobilisation of Pu in the treated soil, and migration (probably as a negatively charged Pu–citrate complex) towards the anodic compartment of the treatment cell. Soil in the cathodic zone of the treatment unit was remediated to a level below free-release disposal thresholds (1.7Bq/g, or <0.4Bq/g above background activities). 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| subjects | Applied sciences batteries Battery Containment Contaminated land Contamination Decontamination. Miscellaneous Electrochemistry Electrodes Electrokinetic Electrokinetics Environmental Restoration and Remediation Exact sciences and technology General treatment and storage processes Hazardous Waste historic sites Hydrogen-Ion Concentration infrastructure Land remediation Nuclear Weapons On-site trial Pilot Projects Plutonium Plutonium - isolation & purification polluted soils Pollution Radioactive Waste - analysis Remediation sediments Soil and sediments pollution Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - analysis Soils Wastes |
| title | Electrokinetic remediation of plutonium-contaminated nuclear site wastes: Results from a pilot-scale on-site trial |
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