Evidence for Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Deposit Formation Mechanisms in Sewer Lines
The presence of hardened and insoluble fats, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer lines is a major cause of line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2011-05, Vol.45 (10), p.4385-4391 |
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| creator | He, Xia Iasmin, Mahbuba Dean, Lisa O Lappi, Simon E Ducoste, Joel J de los Reyes, Francis L |
| description | The presence of hardened and insoluble fats, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer lines is a major cause of line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary sewers. In this study, FOG deposits were formed under laboratory conditions from the reaction between free fatty acids and calcium chloride. The calcium and fatty acid profile analysis showed that the laboratory-produced FOG deposit displayed similar characteristics to FOG deposits collected from sanitary sewer lines. Results of FTIR analysis showed that the FOG deposits are metallic salts of fatty acid as revealed by comparisons with FOG deposits collected from sewer lines and pure calcium soaps. Based on the data, we propose that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es2001997 |
| format | Article |
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Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary sewers. In this study, FOG deposits were formed under laboratory conditions from the reaction between free fatty acids and calcium chloride. The calcium and fatty acid profile analysis showed that the laboratory-produced FOG deposit displayed similar characteristics to FOG deposits collected from sanitary sewer lines. Results of FTIR analysis showed that the FOG deposits are metallic salts of fatty acid as revealed by comparisons with FOG deposits collected from sewer lines and pure calcium soaps. Based on the data, we propose that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es2001997</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21510691</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Buildings. Public works ; Calcium ; Dietary Fats - analysis ; Drainage, Sanitary ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Processes ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fatty acids ; Fog ; Food Industry ; Industrial Waste - analysis ; Laboratories ; Lubricants & lubrication ; Oils & fats ; Pollution ; Sewage - analysis ; Sewage - chemistry ; Sewer systems ; Sewerage. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>The presence of hardened and insoluble fats, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer lines is a major cause of line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary sewers. In this study, FOG deposits were formed under laboratory conditions from the reaction between free fatty acids and calcium chloride. The calcium and fatty acid profile analysis showed that the laboratory-produced FOG deposit displayed similar characteristics to FOG deposits collected from sanitary sewer lines. Results of FTIR analysis showed that the FOG deposits are metallic salts of fatty acid as revealed by comparisons with FOG deposits collected from sewer lines and pure calcium soaps. Based on the data, we propose that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Buildings. Public works</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - analysis</subject><subject>Drainage, Sanitary</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Processes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fog</subject><subject>Food Industry</subject><subject>Industrial Waste - analysis</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lubricants & lubrication</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Sewage - analysis</subject><subject>Sewage - chemistry</subject><subject>Sewer systems</subject><subject>Sewerage. Sewer construction</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</subject><subject>Wastewaters</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpl0FFr1EAQB_BFFHutPvgFZBFEC43O7mY32Udpe6dwcg9V8C3MbSa4Jdlcd3KK395Izx7o08DwY-bPX4gXCt4p0Oo9sQZQ3lePxEJZDYWtrXosFvPSFN64byfilPkWALSB-qk40coqcF4txM31j9hSCiS7McslThdyE_sLiamVq0zIJN8uN6tzeUW7keMkl2MecIpjkp8pfMcUeWAZk7yhn5TlOibiZ-JJhz3T88M8E1-X118uPxbrzerT5Yd1gaWppiKA2padB2gJvUYMFgG8Mrqdo5nSAXRo0JZtHaDdVrZSznfamGprXeWCN2fizf3dXR7v9sRTM0QO1PeYaNxzUztnjSqtneWrf-TtuM9pDtfUldKVqWs3o_N7FPLInKlrdjkOmH81Cpo_PTcPPc_25eHgfjtQ-yD_FjuD1weAHLDvMqYQ-ehK5Vxt9dFh4GOo_x_-BlXFjHg</recordid><startdate>20110515</startdate><enddate>20110515</enddate><creator>He, Xia</creator><creator>Iasmin, Mahbuba</creator><creator>Dean, Lisa O</creator><creator>Lappi, Simon E</creator><creator>Ducoste, Joel J</creator><creator>de los Reyes, Francis L</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110515</creationdate><title>Evidence for Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Deposit Formation Mechanisms in Sewer Lines</title><author>He, Xia ; Iasmin, Mahbuba ; Dean, Lisa O ; Lappi, Simon E ; Ducoste, Joel J ; de los Reyes, Francis L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a437t-c01b4f900dea92aac5a009132d06934600fa3a54d8c0db757169f2337b5676c93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Buildings. Public works</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - analysis</topic><topic>Drainage, Sanitary</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Processes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fog</topic><topic>Food Industry</topic><topic>Industrial Waste - analysis</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lubricants & lubrication</topic><topic>Oils & fats</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Sewage - analysis</topic><topic>Sewage - chemistry</topic><topic>Sewer systems</topic><topic>Sewerage. Sewer construction</topic><topic>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</topic><topic>Wastewaters</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>He, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iasmin, Mahbuba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dean, Lisa O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lappi, Simon E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ducoste, Joel J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de los Reyes, Francis L</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>He, Xia</au><au>Iasmin, Mahbuba</au><au>Dean, Lisa O</au><au>Lappi, Simon E</au><au>Ducoste, Joel J</au><au>de los Reyes, Francis L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evidence for Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Deposit Formation Mechanisms in Sewer Lines</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. 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| subjects | Applied sciences Buildings. Public works Calcium Dietary Fats - analysis Drainage, Sanitary Environmental Monitoring Environmental Processes Exact sciences and technology Fatty acids Fog Food Industry Industrial Waste - analysis Laboratories Lubricants & lubrication Oils & fats Pollution Sewage - analysis Sewage - chemistry Sewer systems Sewerage. Sewer construction Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Wastewaters Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Evidence for Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Deposit Formation Mechanisms in Sewer Lines |
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