Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Objectives To evaluate a nonenhanced time-resolved 4D SSFP MRA for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral blood flow. Methods 22 patients (59.0 ± 11.8 years) with steno-occlusive disease of brain-supplying arteries were included in this study. 4D SSFP MRA of the intracranial arteries was a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2011-06, Vol.21 (6), p.1329-1338 |
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| creator | Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo Kröpil, Patric Schmitt, Peter Bi, Xiaoming Gliem, Michael Miese, Falk R. Hänggi, Daniel Kamp, Marcel Scherer, Axel Turowski, Bernd Blondin, Dirk |
| description | Objectives
To evaluate a nonenhanced time-resolved 4D SSFP MRA for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral blood flow.
Methods
22 patients (59.0 ± 11.8 years) with steno-occlusive disease of brain-supplying arteries were included in this study. 4D SSFP MRA of the intracranial arteries was acquired with 15 temporal phases and a temporal resolution of 115 ms using 1.5 T MR. Cerebral DSA served as the reference standard and was available in all patients.
Results
Nonenhanced 4D SSFP MRA allowed for detailed dynamic visualization of blood flow in the circle of Willis and its branches in 21 of 22 (95.5%) patients. Collateral flow was excluded with both 4D SSFP MRA and DSA in 4 patients. In 17 patients, DSA detected anterior collateral flow (
n
= 8), posterior collateral flow via the right (
n
= 8) and left (
n
= 7) posterior communicating artery as well as patent EC-IC bypasses (
n
= 8). 29 of 31 collateral flow pathways were visualized by 4D SSFP MRA. As compared to DSA, 4D SSFP MRA showed a high sensitivity (92.3%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) for visualization of intracranial collateral flow.
Conclusions
4D SSFP MRA is a promising non-invasive imaging technique for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral flow. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00330-010-2051-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_865191416</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2338671991</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c66bfa8c1238e543b1a1748c6e940ccb70b786541453846444043b670b99415c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBFhe6B8M4cb56W20_QGoBdeEcOd5JNlUSB9uh2p_Xf9aJtoBA4uTxzDPv2PMy9lrCewmQffAAcQwCJIgIEimKJ2whVRwJCbl6yhZQxLnIikIdsRfe3wJAIVX2nB1FMoqSKM0X7P6zHXDY6cHglp-vL0WjA0Wh7VE49Lb7STd1xjcB9XYvfKAyrx0iHx0a9L61Az_ZbC6-Lvn1DddD09rG6XG35yfXN6slr63j2nsiexwCtzU36LByuuPGdh3JzWHd2btTSvSjdq0nybs27Pi2bdpAVT9VwWkT5ll_TTjbrJYv2bNadx5fPZ7H7PvF-bf1R3H15fLTenUlTJxBECZNq1rnRkZxjomKK6llpnKTYqHAmCqDKsvTREmVxLlKlVJAUEpp2p9MTHzM3h10R2d_TOhD2bfeIH1hQDv5kpolrVemRL79h7y1kxvocQSpIi0IJEgeIOOs9w7rcnRtr92-lFDO7pYHd0tyt5zdLeeeN4_CU9Xj9nfHLzsJiA6Ap9LQoPsz-f-qD_a6r4k</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>864969519</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo ; Kröpil, Patric ; Schmitt, Peter ; Bi, Xiaoming ; Gliem, Michael ; Miese, Falk R. ; Hänggi, Daniel ; Kamp, Marcel ; Scherer, Axel ; Turowski, Bernd ; Blondin, Dirk</creator><creatorcontrib>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo ; Kröpil, Patric ; Schmitt, Peter ; Bi, Xiaoming ; Gliem, Michael ; Miese, Falk R. ; Hänggi, Daniel ; Kamp, Marcel ; Scherer, Axel ; Turowski, Bernd ; Blondin, Dirk</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To evaluate a nonenhanced time-resolved 4D SSFP MRA for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral blood flow.
Methods
22 patients (59.0 ± 11.8 years) with steno-occlusive disease of brain-supplying arteries were included in this study. 4D SSFP MRA of the intracranial arteries was acquired with 15 temporal phases and a temporal resolution of 115 ms using 1.5 T MR. Cerebral DSA served as the reference standard and was available in all patients.
Results
Nonenhanced 4D SSFP MRA allowed for detailed dynamic visualization of blood flow in the circle of Willis and its branches in 21 of 22 (95.5%) patients. Collateral flow was excluded with both 4D SSFP MRA and DSA in 4 patients. In 17 patients, DSA detected anterior collateral flow (
n
= 8), posterior collateral flow via the right (
n
= 8) and left (
n
= 7) posterior communicating artery as well as patent EC-IC bypasses (
n
= 8). 29 of 31 collateral flow pathways were visualized by 4D SSFP MRA. As compared to DSA, 4D SSFP MRA showed a high sensitivity (92.3%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) for visualization of intracranial collateral flow.
Conclusions
4D SSFP MRA is a promising non-invasive imaging technique for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral flow.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-2051-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21225268</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Angiography, Digital Subtraction - methods ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques - methods ; Carotid arteries ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Circle of Willis - physiopathology ; Contrast agents ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Electrocardiography - methods ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Imaging ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional Radiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Neuroradiology ; Patients ; Radiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasound ; Vascular-Interventional ; Visualization</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2011-06, Vol.21 (6), p.1329-1338</ispartof><rights>European Society of Radiology 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c66bfa8c1238e543b1a1748c6e940ccb70b786541453846444043b670b99415c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c66bfa8c1238e543b1a1748c6e940ccb70b786541453846444043b670b99415c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-010-2051-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-010-2051-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225268$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kröpil, Patric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitt, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bi, Xiaoming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gliem, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miese, Falk R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hänggi, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamp, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherer, Axel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turowski, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blondin, Dirk</creatorcontrib><title>Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objectives
To evaluate a nonenhanced time-resolved 4D SSFP MRA for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral blood flow.
Methods
22 patients (59.0 ± 11.8 years) with steno-occlusive disease of brain-supplying arteries were included in this study. 4D SSFP MRA of the intracranial arteries was acquired with 15 temporal phases and a temporal resolution of 115 ms using 1.5 T MR. Cerebral DSA served as the reference standard and was available in all patients.
Results
Nonenhanced 4D SSFP MRA allowed for detailed dynamic visualization of blood flow in the circle of Willis and its branches in 21 of 22 (95.5%) patients. Collateral flow was excluded with both 4D SSFP MRA and DSA in 4 patients. In 17 patients, DSA detected anterior collateral flow (
n
= 8), posterior collateral flow via the right (
n
= 8) and left (
n
= 7) posterior communicating artery as well as patent EC-IC bypasses (
n
= 8). 29 of 31 collateral flow pathways were visualized by 4D SSFP MRA. As compared to DSA, 4D SSFP MRA showed a high sensitivity (92.3%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) for visualization of intracranial collateral flow.
Conclusions
4D SSFP MRA is a promising non-invasive imaging technique for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral flow.</description><subject>Angiography, Digital Subtraction - methods</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity</subject><subject>Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Carotid arteries</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation</subject><subject>Circle of Willis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Contrast agents</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Enhancement</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Vascular-Interventional</subject><subject>Visualization</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBFhe6B8M4cb56W20_QGoBdeEcOd5JNlUSB9uh2p_Xf9aJtoBA4uTxzDPv2PMy9lrCewmQffAAcQwCJIgIEimKJ2whVRwJCbl6yhZQxLnIikIdsRfe3wJAIVX2nB1FMoqSKM0X7P6zHXDY6cHglp-vL0WjA0Wh7VE49Lb7STd1xjcB9XYvfKAyrx0iHx0a9L61Az_ZbC6-Lvn1DddD09rG6XG35yfXN6slr63j2nsiexwCtzU36LByuuPGdh3JzWHd2btTSvSjdq0nybs27Pi2bdpAVT9VwWkT5ll_TTjbrJYv2bNadx5fPZ7H7PvF-bf1R3H15fLTenUlTJxBECZNq1rnRkZxjomKK6llpnKTYqHAmCqDKsvTREmVxLlKlVJAUEpp2p9MTHzM3h10R2d_TOhD2bfeIH1hQDv5kpolrVemRL79h7y1kxvocQSpIi0IJEgeIOOs9w7rcnRtr92-lFDO7pYHd0tyt5zdLeeeN4_CU9Xj9nfHLzsJiA6Ap9LQoPsz-f-qD_a6r4k</recordid><startdate>20110601</startdate><enddate>20110601</enddate><creator>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo</creator><creator>Kröpil, Patric</creator><creator>Schmitt, Peter</creator><creator>Bi, Xiaoming</creator><creator>Gliem, Michael</creator><creator>Miese, Falk R.</creator><creator>Hänggi, Daniel</creator><creator>Kamp, Marcel</creator><creator>Scherer, Axel</creator><creator>Turowski, Bernd</creator><creator>Blondin, Dirk</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110601</creationdate><title>Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)</title><author>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo ; Kröpil, Patric ; Schmitt, Peter ; Bi, Xiaoming ; Gliem, Michael ; Miese, Falk R. ; Hänggi, Daniel ; Kamp, Marcel ; Scherer, Axel ; Turowski, Bernd ; Blondin, Dirk</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c66bfa8c1238e543b1a1748c6e940ccb70b786541453846444043b670b99415c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Angiography, Digital Subtraction - methods</topic><topic>Blood Flow Velocity</topic><topic>Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques - methods</topic><topic>Carotid arteries</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation</topic><topic>Circle of Willis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Contrast agents</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Electrocardiography - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hemodynamics</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Enhancement</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Vascular-Interventional</topic><topic>Visualization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kröpil, Patric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitt, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bi, Xiaoming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gliem, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miese, Falk R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hänggi, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamp, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherer, Axel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turowski, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blondin, Dirk</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lanzman, Rotem Shlomo</au><au>Kröpil, Patric</au><au>Schmitt, Peter</au><au>Bi, Xiaoming</au><au>Gliem, Michael</au><au>Miese, Falk R.</au><au>Hänggi, Daniel</au><au>Kamp, Marcel</au><au>Scherer, Axel</au><au>Turowski, Bernd</au><au>Blondin, Dirk</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA)</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2011-06-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1329</spage><epage>1338</epage><pages>1329-1338</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To evaluate a nonenhanced time-resolved 4D SSFP MRA for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral blood flow.
Methods
22 patients (59.0 ± 11.8 years) with steno-occlusive disease of brain-supplying arteries were included in this study. 4D SSFP MRA of the intracranial arteries was acquired with 15 temporal phases and a temporal resolution of 115 ms using 1.5 T MR. Cerebral DSA served as the reference standard and was available in all patients.
Results
Nonenhanced 4D SSFP MRA allowed for detailed dynamic visualization of blood flow in the circle of Willis and its branches in 21 of 22 (95.5%) patients. Collateral flow was excluded with both 4D SSFP MRA and DSA in 4 patients. In 17 patients, DSA detected anterior collateral flow (
n
= 8), posterior collateral flow via the right (
n
= 8) and left (
n
= 7) posterior communicating artery as well as patent EC-IC bypasses (
n
= 8). 29 of 31 collateral flow pathways were visualized by 4D SSFP MRA. As compared to DSA, 4D SSFP MRA showed a high sensitivity (92.3%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) for visualization of intracranial collateral flow.
Conclusions
4D SSFP MRA is a promising non-invasive imaging technique for dynamic visualization of intracranial collateral flow.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21225268</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-010-2051-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0938-7994 |
| ispartof | European radiology, 2011-06, Vol.21 (6), p.1329-1338 |
| issn | 0938-7994 1432-1084 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_865191416 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Angiography, Digital Subtraction - methods Blood Flow Velocity Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques - methods Carotid arteries Cerebrovascular Circulation Circle of Willis - physiopathology Contrast agents Diagnostic Radiology Electrocardiography - methods Female Hemodynamics Hospitals Humans Image Enhancement Imaging Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Medical imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Neuroradiology Patients Radiology Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Ultrasound Vascular-Interventional Visualization |
| title | Nonenhanced ECG-gated time-resolved 4D Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral collateral flow: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) |
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